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Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles: Group 1

This document discusses the trigonometric ratios of special angles 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. It explains that these angles always lie in the first quadrant and can be determined using properties of equilateral triangles and right triangles. The trigonometric ratios of 30° and 60° are found using an equilateral triangle. The ratios of 45° are determined from an isosceles right triangle. The ratios of 0° and 90° are based on the coordinates of points on a unit circle. A table of ratios for these special angles is provided.

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610 views14 pages

Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles: Group 1

This document discusses the trigonometric ratios of special angles 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. It explains that these angles always lie in the first quadrant and can be determined using properties of equilateral triangles and right triangles. The trigonometric ratios of 30° and 60° are found using an equilateral triangle. The ratios of 45° are determined from an isosceles right triangle. The ratios of 0° and 90° are based on the coordinates of points on a unit circle. A table of ratios for these special angles is provided.

Uploaded by

samm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonometric Ratios of

Special Angles
Group 1
2

In trigonometry, 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°


and 90° are called as special angles
and they always lie in the first
quadrant. 

These special angles 0°, 30°, 45°


and 60° are frequently seen in
applications and we can use
geometry to determine the
trigonometric ratios of these angles.
3

Trigonometric Ratios
of 30° and 60°
4
Let ABC be an equilateral triangle whose sides have
length a (see the figure given below). Draw AD
perpendicular to BC, then D bisects the side BC.
Then,
BD  =  DC  =  a/2
∠BAD  =  ∠DAC  =  30°
Now, in right triangle ADB, ∠BAD  =  30° and BD  =
 a/2.
In right triangle ADB, by Pythagorean theorem, 
AB2  =  AD2 + BD2
a2  =  AD2 + (a/2)2
a2 - (a2/4)  =  AD2
3a²/4  =  AD2
√(3a2/4)  =  AD
√3 ⋅ a/2  = m AD 
5

Hence, we can find the trigonometric ratios of


angle 30° from the right triangle ADB. 
6

In right triangle ADB, ∠ABD  =  60°.


So, we can determine the trigonometric ratios of
angle 60°. 
7

Trigonometric
Ratio of 45°
8
If an acute angle of a right triangle is 45°, then the
other acute angle is also 45°. 
Thus the triangle is isosceles. Let us consider the
triangle ABC with 
∠B  =  90°
∠A  =  ∠C  =  45°

Then AB  =  BC. Take square root on


Let AB  =  BC  =  a. each side.
AC  =  a√2
By Pythagorean theorem,
AC2  =  AB2 + BC2 Hence, we can find the
AC2  =  a2 + a2 trigonometric ratios of
angle 45° from the
AC2  =  2a2
right triangle ABC. 
9
10

Trigonometric
Ratios of 0° and 90°
11
Consider the figure given below which shows a circle
of radius 1 unit centered at the origin.
Let P be a point on the circle in the first quadrant with
coordinates (x, y).

We drop a perpendicular PQ from P to the x-axis in


order to form the right triangle OPQ.
Let ∠POQ  =  θ, then 
sin θ  =  PQ / OP  =  y/1  =  y  (y coordinate of P)
cos θ  =  OQ / OP  =  x/1  =  x  (x coordinate of P)
tan θ  =  PQ / OQ  =  y/x
If OP coincides with OA, then angle θ  =  0°.
Since, the coordinates of A are (1, 0), we have
12

If OP coincides with OB, then angle θ  =  90°.


Since, the coordinates of B are (0, 1), we have
13

The six trigonometric ratios of angles 0°, 30°,


45°, 60° and 90° are provided in the following
table.
14

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