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    8HL.18.1 Lewis Acids and Bases

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    Jesus carbono
    This document discusses Lewis acids and bases and how they extend the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory. It defines a Lewis acid as an electron pair acceptor and a Lewis base as an electron pair donor. When a Lewis base reacts with a Lewis acid, a coordinate bond is formed through the donation of an electron pair from the base to the acid. Nucleophiles act as Lewis bases by donating electron pairs, while electrophiles act as Lewis acids by accepting electron pairs. The Lewis acid-base theory provides a broader definition than Bronsted-Lowry and can be applied to inorganic and organic reactions.

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    8HL.18.1 Lewis Acids and Bases

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    Jesus carbono
    438 views19 pages
    This document discusses Lewis acids and bases and how they extend the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory. It defines a Lewis acid as an electron pair acceptor and a Lewis base as an electron pair donor. When a Lewis base reacts with a Lewis acid, a coordinate bond is formed through the donation of an electron pair from the base to the acid. Nucleophiles act as Lewis bases by donating electron pairs, while electrophiles act as Lewis acids by accepting electron pairs. The Lewis acid-base theory provides a broader definition than Bronsted-Lowry and can be applied to inorganic and organic reactions.

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    This document discusses Lewis acids and bases and how they extend the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory. It defines a Lewis acid as an electron pair acceptor and a Lewis base as an electron pair donor. When a Lewis base reacts with a Lewis acid, a coordinate bond is formed through the donation of an electron pair from the base to the acid. Nucleophiles act as Lewis bases by donating electron pairs, while electrophiles act as Lewis acids by accepting electron pairs. The Lewis acid-base theory provides a broader definition than Bronsted-Lowry and can be applied to inorganic and organic reactions.

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    438 views19 pages

    8HL.18.1 Lewis Acids and Bases

    Uploaded by

    Jesus carbono
    This document discusses Lewis acids and bases and how they extend the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory. It defines a Lewis acid as an electron pair acceptor and a Lewis base as an electron pair donor. When a Lewis base reacts with a Lewis acid, a coordinate bond is formed through the donation of an electron pair from the base to the acid. Nucleophiles act as Lewis bases by donating electron pairs, while electrophiles act as Lewis acids by accepting electron pairs. The Lewis acid-base theory provides a broader definition than Bronsted-Lowry and can be applied to inorganic and organic reactions.

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    You are on page 1of 19

    TOPIC 18

    ACIDS AND BASES


    18.1
    Lewis Acids and Bases

    By: Merinda Sautel


    Alameda Int’l Jr/Sr High School
    Lakewood, CO
    msautel@jeffco.k12.co.us
    ESSENTIAL IDEA
    The acid-base concept can be extended to
    reactions that do not involve proton transfer.
    NATURE OF SCIENCE (2.5)
    Theories can be supported, falsified or replaced by new
    theories – acid-base theories can be extended to a wider
    field of applications by considering lone pairs of
    electrons. Lewis theory doesn’t falsify Bronsted-Lowry
    but extends it.
    INTERNATIONAL-MINDEDNESS

    Acid-base theory has developed from


    the ideas of people from different
    parts of the world through
    collaboration and competition.
    .
    THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
    The same phenomenon can
    sometimes be explored from different
    perspectives, and explained by
    different theories. For example, do we
    judge competing theories by their
    universality, simplicity or elegance?
    UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
    18.1.A

    A Lewis acid is an electron lone


    pair acceptor and a Lewis base is
    an electron lone pair donor.
    THREE MAIN TYPES
    ■Arrhenius Acid – produces H+ ions
    ■Arrhenius Base – produces OH- ions
    ■This is an early theory.

    ■Bronsted-Lowry Acid – proton donor


    ■Bronsted-Lowry Base – proton acceptor

    ■Lewis Acid – electron pair acceptor


    ■Lewis Base – electron pair donor
    GUIDANCE

    Know the relationship between


    Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acids
    and bases.
    ■All Bronsted-Lowry acids are Lewis acids
    because they can accept a lone pair of
    electrons.
    ■However, not all Lewis acids are Bronsted-
    Lowry acids because they may not have an
    H+ to donate.
    ■ All Bronsted-Lowry bases are Lewis bases
    because they have a lone pair of electrons to
    donate.
    ■ Not all Lewis bases are Bronsted-Lowry bases
    because they don’t have to accept a proton to be
    a Lewis base.
    ■ Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases are subsets of
    Lewis acids and bases so the Lewis definition is a
    broader definition.
    ■ Howtosmile.org
    UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
    18.1.B

    When a Lewis base reacts with a


    Lewis acid a coordinate bond is
    formed.
    BF3 + NH3 ↔ F3BNH3
    BF3 is trigonal planar with no lone pairs of
    electrons. NH3 is trigonal pyramidal with one lone
    pair of electrons.
    NH3 donates both of its electrons to BF3. The
    bond formed is a “dative” or coordinate covalent
    bond because both electrons came from nitrogen.
    NH3 is the Lewis base because it donates a pair of
    electrons making BF3 the Lewis acid because it
    accepts the lone pair of electrons.
    APPLICATION/SKILLS

    Be able to apply the Lewis theory


    to inorganic and organic
    chemistry to identify the role of
    the reacting species.
    ■ dlt.ncssm.edu dlt.ncssm.edu

    Fe3+ + 6H2O → [Fe(H2O)6]3+

    Fe3+ is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.


    ▪ dlt.ncssm.edu

    Cu2+ + 4NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+

    Cu2+ is the Lewis acid and NH3 is the Lewis base.


    UNDERSTANDING/KEY IDEA
    18.1.C

    A nucleophile is a Lewis base and


    an electrophile is a Lewis acid.
    ■A nucleophile is an electron-rich species
    that donates a lone pair to form a new
    covalent bond in a reaction. (Lewis base)
    ■An electrophile is an electron-deficient
    species that accepts a lone pair from
    another reactant to form a new covalent
    bond. (Lewis acid)
    ■The reactions are depicted using curly
    arrows.
    ■Examples of nucleophiles (Lewis bases):
    ■OH-, NH3, Cl-
    ■Examples of electrophiles (Lewis acids):
    ■BF3, Cu2+, Br+, NO2+, (CH3)C+
    Citations
    International Baccalaureate Organization. Chemistry Guide, First
    assessment 2016. Updated 2015.
    Brown, Catrin, and Mike Ford. Higher Level Chemistry. 2nd ed.
    N.p.: Pearson Baccalaureate, 2014. Print.
    ISBN 978 1 447 95975 5
    eBook 978 1 447 95976 2

    Most of the information found in this power point comes directly


    from this textbook.

    The power point has been made to directly complement the Higher
    Level Chemistry textbook by Brown and Ford and is used for direct
    instructional purposes only.

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