Effects of Podium Interference on Shear Force Distributions

in Tower Walls Supporting Tall Buildings

M.Tech Project Presentation

(Stage I)

by
Kajal Jadhav
MIS No. 121819018

Under Guidance
of
Dr. I. P. Sonar

College of Engineering Pune

(COEP)
Forerunners in Technical Education 1
 CONTENTS :

1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Motivation
4. Objectives
5. Methodology
6. Work plan
7. References

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INTRODUCTION:

 Podium: The base of a tall building is

often referred to as a podium. Any
lower part of a tall building structure
that is larger in floor plate, and contains
substantially increased seismic-force
resistance in comparison to the tower
above, can be considered a podium.

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INTRODUCTION:

 Backstay Effects: The transfer of

lateral and overturning forces
from seismic-force-resisting
elements within the tower, into
seismic-force resisting elements
within the podium, typically
through one or more floor
diaphragms. It is also sometimes
called “shear reversal” because
the shear in the seismic-force
resisting elements can change
direction within the podium levels

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INTRODUCTION:

 In estimating backstay effects, two

lateral load paths shall be considered

1. Direct load Path

-where overturning resistance
is provided by tower core elements and
foundation directly beneath the tower.
2. Backstay load path
- where overturning resistance
is provided by in-plane forces in
backstay elements.

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INTRODUCTION:

 Sensitivity Analysis

As a part of collapse prevention evaluation, two sets of analyses shall be conducted to

evaluate backstay effects:

1. A model which uses upper bound (UB)

stiffness assumptions for floor diaphragms
at the podium and below.

2. A model which uses lower bound (LB)

stiffness assumptions for floor diaphragms
at the podium and below
Stiffness parameters as per IS
16700: 2017

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Title : Modeling and acceptance criteria for seismic design and analysis of tall buildings.
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center; 2010

• Criteria for modelling of podium, diaphragm, collectors and backstay effects are explained.

• Podium and backstay effects have been discussed.

• For tall buildings in high seismic regions, a capacity design approach and nonlinear
response history analysis are recommended.

• Diaphragm flexibility and applicability of modeling assumptions have been described for
rigid, semi-rigid and flexible diaphragm.

• Upper-bound and lower-bound stiffness properties modeling of backstay effects have been
recommended.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Title : Seismic Design of High-Rise Concrete Walls: Reverse Shear due to Diaphragm below
Flexural Hinge.
Author: Babak Rajaee Rad and Perry Adebar

• A variety of analyses including linear static analysis and nonlinear response history analysis
were used to better understand the reverse shear phenomenon.

• For analysis different diaphragm stiffness (K1, K10, K30) and different flexural rigidity (I1,
I2, I3) are considered.

• The conclusions from the study are summarized in terms of a complete design procedure that
makes use of a series of linear static analysis with appropriate reduced effective flexure and
shear stiffness to estimate the reverse shear force.

• To examine influence of soil stiffness below the tower wall foundation, two extreme cases
were examined: foundation fully fixed against rotation and foundation completely free to
rotate.
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LITERATURE REVIEW

Title : IS 16700 : 2017: Criteria for Structural Safety of Tall Concrete Buildings
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 2009.

• Requirements for tall building with single tower and multiple tower on a
common podium are given.

• It is suggested that two sets of backstay sensitivity analysis shall be carry

out using upper-bound and lower-bound cracked section properties of floor
diaphragms.

• In estimating backstay effects, two lateral load paths shall be considered,

namely Direct load path and Backstay load path.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

• In direct load path case, vertical stiffness shall be considered of floor

the piles, foundation and supporting soil.

• In backstay load path case, relative stiffness shall be considered of

floor diaphragm and perimeter walls, along with vertical in-plane
rocking stiffness of soil below the walls.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Title : Analytical modelling of podium interference on tower walls in buildings.

Author: Mehair Yacoubian, Nelson Lam, Elisa Lumantarna & John L. Wilson

• It is shown in this paper that the podium can impose significant differential restraint on
coupled tower walls.

• Incompatible tower wall displacements under lateral loads were found to be the main
contributor to the generation of in-plane strutting forces in floors above and below the
podium-tower interface level.

• Shear force localizations in the interior tower wall immediately above the interface
was found to be the direct consequence of these actions.

• Parametric studies of 2D planer podium-tower sub assemblage models is done and its
validation is done on 3D case study buildings.

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 MOTIVATION

 One of the least understood aspects of modelling of building is dealing with at or

below grade components.

 Variation in shear reversal at podium tower interface as number of stories below

grade increases, is not widely covered in literatures.

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 OBJECTIVES:

 To study the backstay effect in a symmetrical tower supported by the podium.

 To carry out seismic analysis.
 To study the variation in shear force as number of stories below grade increases.
 To study the variation in shear force as area ratio of tower and podium changes.

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 METHODOLOGY

 Modelling of a tower supported by Podium in ETABS software.

 Study of backstay effect by doing response spectra analysis and pushover analysis.
 Modelling of different buildings with different number of below grade stories.
 Study of variation in reverse shear for above models.
 Result interpretation.

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WORK PLAN:

• Selection of dissertation topic

• Literature survey
Phase- 1
• Deciding objectives
• Learning of ETABS Software

• Validation
• Preparation of model in ETABS software
Phase- 2
• Perform response spectra analysis
• Result interpretation

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WORK PLAN:

• Study of variation in reverse shear as number of below grade stories

increases
• Study of variation in reverse shear as area ratio of tower to podium
Phase- 3
structure changes.
• Result interpretation

• Results and Discussions

Phase- 4
• Preparation of Report

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 REFERENCES

[1] IS16700 : 2017. “Criteria for Structural Safety of Tall Concrete Buildings.” , Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[2] PEER/ATC, 2010, “Modeling and acceptance criteria for seismic design and analysis of
tall buildings”. Redwood City, CA: Applied Technology Council in cooperation with the
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.

[3] Babak Rajaee Rad, Perry Adebar, 2009, “Seismic Design of High-Rise Concrete walls:
Reverse Shear due to Diaphragms below Flexural Hinge.” Journal of Structural Engineering,
ASCE/August 2009.

[4] Mehair Yacoubian, Nelson Lam, Elisa Lumantarna & John L. Wilson, 2017, “Analytical
modelling of podium interference on tower walls in buildings”, Engineering Structures 148.

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Effects of Podium Interference on Shear Force Distributions
in Tower Walls Supporting Tall Buildings

M.Tech Project Presentation

(Stage II)

by
Kajal Jadhav
MIS No. 121819018

Under Guidance
of
Dr. I. P. Sonar

College of Engineering Pune

(COEP)
Forerunners in Technical Education 1
 CONTENTS :

1. Literature Review
2. Validation I & II
3. Project work model
4. Work plan for Stage III
5. References

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LITERATURE REVIEW - II

Title : ANALYTICAL MODELLING OF PODIUM INTERFERENCE ON TOWER

WALLS IN BUILDINGS.
Author: Mehair Yacoubian, Nelson Lam, Elisa Lumantarna & John L. Wilson

• It is shown in this paper that the podium can impose significant differential restraint on
coupled tower walls.

• Incompatible tower wall displacements under lateral loads were found to be the main
contributor to the generation of in-plane strutting forces in floors above and below the
podium-tower interface level.

• Shear force localizations in the tower wall immediately above the interface was found
to be the direct consequence of these actions.

• Parametric studies of 2D planer podium-tower sub assemblage models is done and its
validation is done on 3D case study buildings.

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LITERATURE REVIEW - II

Title : EFFECT OF ASPECT RATIO AND ELEVATION PROFILE ON MODE SHAPES

OF TALL BUILDING.
Author: P. D. VELANI and P. K. RAMANCHARLA

• Parametric study is carried out on three types of models as shown below.

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LITERATURE REVIEW - II

• The response spectrum method of dynamic analysis is carried out and relevant safety
checks for fundamental period, inter storey drift etc. were verified for all models.

• Type 2 and type 3 towers are resulting in stiffer and stable structure.

• The gradual decrease in period was found in for type 1 to type2 and from type 2 to
type 3 tower.

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VALIDATION - I

Height of 75m
Building
Total no of 25
stories
Podium Plan 90m × 90m
Area
Tower Plan 30m × 30m
area

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VALIDATION RESULT

30

25

20

15
o.
N
ey
or
St
10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Shear Force

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VALIDATION-II

Height of 65m
Building
Total no of 13
stories
Podium Plan 56m × 42m
Area
Tower Plan 46m × 30m
area

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VALIDATION RESULT

Time Period Time Period From

Direction Mode
From Paper Present Study
1 1.139 1.007
X- Axis 2 0.318 0.278
3 0.114 0.131
1 1.054 0.926
Y- Axis 2 0.307 0.268
3 0.146 0.128

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PROJECT WORK MODEL

Height of 120m
Building
Total no of stories 40
Podium Plan Area 90m × 90m
Tower Plan area 30m × 30m

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SHEAR VARIATION ALONG SHEAR WALL

45

40

35

30

25

Storey No.
Shear Force at = 1845.433 kN 20
interface 15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Shear Force

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STAGE-III WORK PLAN

• To reduce the shear localization by

 Increasing below grade stories.

 Changing the area ratio of tower and podium structure.

• To perform response spectra analysis.

• To study variation in shear force as number of stories increases.
• To study variation in shear force as area ratio of tower and podium structure changes.

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 REFERENCES

[1] IS16700 : 2017. “Criteria for Structural Safety of Tall Concrete Buildings.” , Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[2] PEER/ATC, 2010, “Modeling and acceptance criteria for seismic design and analysis of
tall buildings”. Redwood City, CA: Applied Technology Council in cooperation with the
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.

[3] Babak Rajaee Rad, Perry Adebar, 2009, “Seismic Design of High-Rise Concrete walls:
Reverse Shear due to Diaphragms below Flexural Hinge.” Journal of Structural Engineering,
ASCE/August 2009.

[4] P. D. Velani And P. K. Ramancharla, “Effect of Aspect Ratio and Elevation Profile on
Mode Shapes of Tall Building”, 17th International Symposium on New Technologies for
Urban Safety of Mega Cities in Asia, 12-14 December 2018, IIIT-Hyderabad, India.

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 REFERENCES

[5] Mehair Yacoubian, Nelson Lam, Elisa Lumantarna & John L. Wilson, 2017, “Analytical
modelling of podium interference on tower walls in buildings”, Engineering Structures 148.

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