Rizal in Spain

(1882-1885)
Chapter 6: Rizal In Peninsular Spain

San Pablo xx Pequina

Characters
• Paciano – Brother of Rizal who conspired with him in his plans of going
to Spain
• People who knew about his departure to Spain:
1. Antonio Rivera (Uncle)
2. Neneng Rizal (Sister)
3. Lucia Rizal (Sister)
4. Valenzuela Family (Capitan Juan, Capitana Sanday and their
daughter Orang)
5. Pedro A. Paterno
6. Mateo Evangelista
7. the Ateneo Jesuit Fathers
8. Jose “Chengoy” M. Cecilio
• Donato Lecha – ship captain of Salvadora who befriended Rizal
• Companions in Djemnah:Mr. and Mrs. Salazar and Mr. Vicente
Pardo
 Characters
• Basilio Teodoro Moran – Publisher of Diariong Tagalog, the
first bilingual newspaper (Spanish and Tagalog); published
Amor Patrio (Love of Country)
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar – Translated Amor Patrio into Tagalog
• Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey – had a son named Rafael and a
daughter named Consuelo; city mayor of Manila during the
time of Carlos Ma. De la Torre ; promoted as vice president of
the Council of the Philippines in the Ministry of Colonies
(Ultramar)
• Consuelo Ortiga y Perez – a girl whom Rizal admired and
dedicated a poem entitled A La Señorita C. O. y P. (To Miss C.
O. y P.)
 Characters
• Masons who Rizal met in Spain:
• Miguel Morayta – statesman, professor, historian and writer;
excommunicated and caused the student demonstration at
Central University
• Francisco Pi y Margal – journalist, statesman; former
president,
First Spanish Republic
• Manuel Becerra – Minister of Ultramar (Colonies)
• Emilio Junoy – journalist and member of the Spanish Cortes
• Juan Ruiz Zorilla – parliamentarian; head, Republican
Progressive
Party in Madrid
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• Graciano Lopez Jaena
• Mariano Ponce
 Characters
• Juan Luna – won 1st prize for his painting called the Spolarium
• Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo – won 2nd place for his painting
Christian Virgins Exposed to Populace
• Doctor Creus – replaced the Rector and described as a very
unpopular man, disliked by everybody
 Introduction
Jose Rizal finished his 4th year of medical course in the
University of Sto. Tomas yet he was very much disgusted due to
out-dated instruction and racial prejudice to Filipino Students.
Since Spain was in constitutional monarchy, this
encouraged him to continue his study in Spain. Yet unknown to
most people, Rizal has a SECRET MISSION!
JOSE MERCADO- the name he used

SALVADORA- Spanish Streamer bound to

Singapore
 Why Rizal went to Spain?
• Methods of instructions in UST
• Racial prejudice of Dominicans in UST
• Decided to complete his studies in Spain.
Rizal’s Secret Mission
Rizal conceived the
mission, with the blessing secretof
brother his Paciano was to
following: do the
Observe the life
culture,keenly
languages and and
industries and commerce
customs, and
governments and laws of the
European nations in order to prepare
himself for the task of liberating his
people from Spanish Tyranny.
 Highlights
• When Jose Rizal becomes Jose Mercado
• Due to the popularity of the surname and perhaps the kind Jesuit
priest who gave him letters of recommendation for their Society in
Barcelona – he was claimed as a cousin
• Secret Departure to Spain
• May 3, 1882 -
• Salvadora, a steamer bound for Singapore
• Donato Lecha- ship Captain
• 16 passengers
• May 8, 1882 – "Talim Island with Susong Dalaga"
• Hotel de la Paz
 Highlights
• From Singapore to Colombo, Ceylon
• May 11, 1882
• Djemnah, a French Steamer
• Companions in Djemnah: Mr. and Mrs. Salazar and Mr. Vicente
Pardo
• May 17, 1882: Arrival at Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern
Ceylon (now a Sri Lanka)
• Colombo- the capital of Ceylon
• May 18, 1882: Arrival at Colombo, Ceylon
 Highlights
• First Trip Through Suez Canal
• Crossing the Indian Ocean to the Cape Guardafui, Africa and then a
stopover on Aden, From Aden to Djenmah proceeded to City of
Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal. It took 5 days to
traverse Suez Canal
• At the port Said, the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal,
Rizal landed and he was fascinated to hear the multi-racial
inhabitants speaking a babel of tongues.
 Highlights
• Naples and Marseilles
• June 11, 1882 Rizal reached Naples, Italy
• June 12, 1882 the streamer docked at the French harbor of
Marseilles, France. He visited the famous chateu d’If, where
Dantes, hero of the COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO, was
imprisoned
• June 15, 1882, left Marseilles
• Arrival at Barcelona, Spain
• June 16, 1882 arrived in Barcelona through train from Marseille
• First impression was ugly but begun to like it due to the
prevalence of freedom and liberalism in the city and the
people were open-hearted, hospitable, and courgeous.
 Barcelona
• Rizal was welcome by the Filipinos in Barcelona, most of who
were his former classmates at Ateneo Municipal. They had a
welcome party at favorite coffee house at Plaza De Cataluña.
• Rizal had a walk around city to see the famous historical spots
of Barcelona.
• Las Ramdas- famous street in Barcelona
Rizal’s Literary Work in Barcelona
• Amor Patrio (Love of the Country)
– Nationalistic Essay
– His first article written in Spanish’s soil
Basilio Tedoro Moran – Publisher of Diariong Tagalog, under his
pen-name Laong laan
August 20, 1882- Amor Patrio appeared on the newspaper, with
Tagalog Version translated by Marcello H. Del Pilar
• Los Viajes (Travels)
– 2nd article
• Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid)- November 29, 1882
 Manila moves to Madrid
• September 15, 1882 -Rizal received a letter from
Paciano. According to the letter, Phil. Was
ravaging be epidemic.
• Another sad news from Chengoy (Jose M.
Cecilio) Leonora Rivera was began to be
unhappy because of the absence of Rizal.
• In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882)
Paciano advised Rizal to finished his medical
course in Madrid, therefore, Rizal established
himself to Madrid
• Life in Madrid
• November 3, 1882 enrolled at Universidad Central de
Madrid ( Central University of Madrid)
• Two courses: Medicine and Philosophy and Letters
• Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando: Painting and
Sculpture
• Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell: fencing and shooting
• Madrid Ateneo: English, French, and German
• He even contemplated taking the examination in Roman
Law for possible emrollment in Law
Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
 Rizal’s Affair with Consuelo
• Don Pablo Ortega y Rey - the former city mayor of
Manila during the time of Governor Carlos de la
Torre.
– Father of Pilar And Consuelo.
• August 22, 1883- Wrote a poem for Consuelo, which
was entitled A la Seniorita C .O. y R.
• Romance didn’t blossom to a serious relationship
due to his engagement to Leonor Rivera and
friendship to Eduardo de Lete - a friend madly in love
with Consuelo
 Highlights
• They ask me for Verses
• Membership of Circulo Hispano-Filipino and wrote “Mi Piden
Versus” ( They Ask Me For Verses) and declaimed it on New
Year’s Eve of December 31, 1882

• Rizal Love of Books

• Led him to encounter the following texts which aroused his
sympathy:
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• The Wandering Jew by Eugene Sue
Circulo Hispano-Filipino
 Highlights
• Rizal as a Mason
• March 1883 – joined the Masonic Lodge called Acacia in
Madrid and later transferred to Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid)
• Reason for joining: to have the support of free masonry to
aid in his fight against the friars in the Philippines
• November 15, 1890- Became the Master of Mason
• February 15, 1892- awarded the diploma as Master Mason
by Le Grand Orient de France in Paris
• Active in Masonic Affair:
• M. H. del Pilar
• G. Lopez Jaena
• Mariano Ponce
 Rizal’s Toast to Luna & Hildago
• Juan Luna and Felix Hildago emerged winners in the 1884 Madrid
Exposition
• Luna- awarded a gold medal for his painting, The Spolarium
• Hildago- silver meda; for his entry, Christian Virgins Exposed to the
Populace
• June 25, 1884

• Saved Rizal for a meal

• Delivered a speech, which garnered wild ovations from the Spanish
listeners
• Rizal’s involvement in Student Demonstrations
• November 20-22, 1884
• Rizal was not hurt
Juan Luna
Felix Ressureccion Hidalgo
 Highlights
• Rizal Completed his studies
• June 21, 1884, conferred by Universidad Central de Madrid with
the degree of Licentiate in Medicine
• Studied and passed all the subjects leading to Doctor of Medicine
but failed to submit his thesis and to pay the fees, he was not
awarded with his Doctor’s Diploma
• June 19, 1885, conferred by Universidad Central de Madrid with
the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters with the award
Sobresaliente (Excellent)