CSE 403

Lecture 24
Scrum and Agile Software Development

Reading:
Scrum Primer,
by Deemer/Benefield/Larman/Vodde

slides created by Marty Stepp

http://www.cs.washington.edu/403/
 What is Scrum?
• Scrum: It’s about common sense
– Is an agile, lightweight process
– Can manage and control software and product development
– Uses iterative, incremental practices
– Has a simple implementation
– Increases productivity
– Reduces time to benefits
– Embraces adaptive, empirical systems development
– Is not restricted to software development projects

– Embraces the opposite of the waterfall approach…

2
 Scrum Origins
• Jeff Sutherland
– Initial scrums at Easel Corp in 1993
– IDX and 500+ people doing Scrum

• Ken Schwaber
– ADM
– Scrum presented at OOPSLA 96 with Sutherland
– Author of three books on Scrum

• Mike Beedle
– Scrum patterns in PLOPD4

• Ken Schwaber and Mike Cohn

– Co-founded Scrum Alliance in 2002, initially within Agile Alliance
3
 Agile Manifesto
Individuals
Individuals and
and over Process
Process and
and tools
tools
interactions
interactions
Comprehensive
Comprehensive
Working
Working software
software over
documentation
documentation

Customer
Customer collaboration
collaboration over Contract
Contract negotiation
negotiation

Responding
Responding to
to change
change over Following
Following aa plan
plan

Source: www.agilemanifesto.org 4
 Project Noise Level

Far from
Agreement
Anarchy
Requirements

Complex
Co
m
pl
ic ate Source: Strategic Management and
d Organizational Dynamics by Ralph Stacey
in Agile Software Development with Scrum

Close to Simple by Ken Schwaber and Mike Beedle.

Agreement
Close to
Certainty

Certainty
Technology
Far from

5
 Scrum at a Glance

24 hours
Daily Scrum
Meeting

Backlog tasks 30 days

expanded
Sprint Backlog by team

Potentially Shippable
Product Backlog Product Increment
As prioritized by Product Owner
Source: Adapted from Agile Software
Development with Scrum by Ken
Schwaber and Mike Beedle.

6
 Sequential vs. Overlap
Requirements Design Code Test

Rather than doing all of one

thing at a time...
...Scrum teams do a little of
everything all the time

7
 Scrum Framework
Roles
•Product owner
•Scrum Master
•Team Ceremonies
•Sprint planning
•Sprint review
•Sprint retrospective
•Daily scrum meeting
Artifacts
•Product backlog
•Sprint backlog
•Burndown charts
8
 Scrum Roles
– Product Owner
• Possibly a Product Manager or Project Sponsor
• Decides features, release date, prioritization, $$$

– Scrum Master
• Typically a Project Manager or Team Leader
• Responsible for enacting Scrum values and practices
• Remove impediments / politics, keeps everyone productive

– Project Team
• 5-10 members; Teams are self-organizing
• Cross-functional: QA, Programmers, UI Designers, etc.
• Membership should change only between sprints

9
 "Pigs" and "Chickens"
• Pig: Team member committed to success of project
• Chicken: Not a pig; interested but not committed

A pig and a chicken are walking down a road. The chicken looks at the pig
and says, "Hey, why don't we open a restaurant?" The pig looks back at the
chicken and says, "Good idea, what do you want to call it?" The chicken
thinks about it and says, "Why don't we call it 'Ham and Eggs'?" "I don't
think so," says the pig, "I'd be committed but you'd only be involved."

10
 Sprint Planning Mtg.
Team
Sprint planning meeting
Team
capacity
capacity
Sprint prioritization

Product
Product
• Analyze/evaluate product Sprint
Sprint
backlog goal
backlog
backlog
• Select sprint goal
goal
Business
Business
conditions
conditions
Sprint planning
• Decide how to achieve sprint goal
(design) Sprint
Current
Current
• Create sprint backlog (tasks) from
Sprint
product
product
product backlog items (user backlog
backlog
stories / features)
Technology
Technology • Estimate sprint backlog in hours

11
 Daily Scrum Meeting
• Parameters
– Daily, ~15 minutes, Stand-up
– Anyone late pays a $1 fee

• Not for problem solving

– Whole world is invited
– Only team members, Scrum Master, product owner, can talk
– Helps avoid other unnecessary meetings

• Three questions answered by each team member:

1. What did you do yesterday?
2. What will you do today?
3. What obstacles are in your way?
12
 Scrum's Artifacts
• Scrum has remarkably few artifacts
– Product Backlog
– Sprint Backlog
– Burndown Charts

• Can be managed using just an Excel spreadsheet

– More advanced / complicated tools exist:
• Expensive
• Web-based – no good for Scrum Master/project manager who travels
• Still under development

13
 Product Backlog
• The requirements

• A list of all desired work on project

• Ideally expressed as a list of user

stories along with "story points",
such that each item has value to
users or customers of the product

This
This is
is the
the • Prioritized by the product owner
product
product backlog
backlog
• Reprioritized at start of each sprint

14
 User Stories
• Instead of Use Cases, Agile project owners do "user stories"
– Who (user role) – Is this a customer, employee, admin, etc.?
– What (goal) – What functionality must be achieved/developed?
– Why (reason) – Why does user want to accomplish this goal?

As a [user role], I want to [goal], so I can [reason].

• Example:
– "As a user, I want to log in, so I can access subscriber content."

• story points: Rating of effort needed to implement this story

– common scales: 1-10, shirt sizes (XS, S, M, L, XL), etc.

15
 Sample Product Backlog
Backlog item Estimate

Allow a guest to make a reservation 3 (story points)

As a guest, I want to cancel a reservation. 5

As a guest, I want to change the dates of a reservation. 3

As a hotel employee, I can run RevPAR reports (revenue-

8
per-available-room)

Improve exception handling 8

... 30

... 50
16
Sample Product Backlog 2

17
 Sprint Backlog
• Individuals sign up for work of their own choosing
– Work is never assigned
• Estimated work remaining is updated daily

• Any team member can add, delete change sprint backlog

• Work for the sprint emerges
• If work is unclear, define a sprint backlog item with a larger
amount of time and break it down later
• Update work remaining as more becomes known

18
 Sample Sprint backlog

Tasks
Tasks Mon
Mon Tue
Tue Wed
Wed Thu
Thu Fri
Fri
Code the user interface 8 4 8
Code the middle tier 16 12 10 4
Test the middle tier 8 16 16 11 8
Write online help 12
Write the Foo class 8 8 8 8 8
Add error logging 8 4

19
Sample Sprint Backlog

20
 Sprint Burndown Chart
• A display of what work has been completed
and what is left to complete
– one for each developer or work item
– updated every day
– (make best guess about hours/points completed each day)

• variation: Release burndown chart

– shows overall progress
– updated at end of each sprint

21
Hours Sample Burndown Chart

22
 Tasks
Tasks Mon
Mon Tue
Tue Wed
Wed Thu
Thu Fri
Fri
Code the user interface 8 4 8
Code the middle tier 16 12 10 7
Test the middle tier 8 16 16 11 8
Write online help 12

50
40
30
Hours

20
10
0
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

23
 Burndown Example 1
No work being performed
Sprint 1 Burndown

60

50

40
Hours remaining

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Days in Sprint

24
 Burndown Example 2
Work being performed, but not fast enough
Sprint 1 Burndown

49

48

47

46
Hours remaining

45

44

43

42

41

40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Days in Sprint

25
 Burndown Example 3
Work being performed, but too fast!
Sprint 1 Burndown

60

50

40
Hours remaining

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Days in Sprint

26
 The Sprint Review
• Team presents what it accomplished during the sprint
• Typically takes the form of a demo of new features or
underlying architecture
• Informal
– 2-hour prep time rule
– No slides
• Whole team participates
• Invite the world

27
 Scalability
• Typical individual team is 7 ± 2 people
– Scalability comes from teams of teams

• Factors in scaling
– Type of application
– Team size
– Team dispersion
– Project duration

• Scrum has been used on multiple 500+ person projects

28
Scaling: Scrum of Scrums

29
Scrum vs. Other Models

30
 Credits, References
– Mike Cohn, Mountain Goat Software
www.mountaingoatsoftware.com
– Scrum and The Enterprise by Ken Schwaber
– Succeeding with Agile by Mike Cohn
– Agile Software Development Ecosystems by Jim Highsmith
– Agile Software Development with Scrum by K. Schwaber and M. Beedle
– User Stories Applied for Agile Software Development by Mike Cohn

– www.agilescrum.com/
– www.objectmentor.com
– jeffsutherland.com/
– www.controlchaos.com/scrumwp.htm
– agilealliance.com/articles/articles/InventingScrum.pdf

31