Introduction To Passive Fire Protection

Introduction to Passive Fire Protection
Protective Coatings
Introduction to Passive Fire Protection
Objectives
At the end of this presentation, you will understand:
• Know the Purpose of Passive Fire Protection

Systems
• Types of Passive Fire Protection (PFP) Systems
• Design and Maintenance Consideration for PFP
• Economic Considerations of Fireproofing

Performance Under Fire
• Steel is not combustible – HOWEVER, it does lose

50% of its yield strength as temperatures approach
1100 F degrees
Active Fire Protection Systems
• Definition
• Suppression of fire or fuel source
• Types
• Rociadores
• Espumas quimicas
Active Fire Protection Systems
Purpose of PFP
PROTECCION DE LOS ACTIVOS :
• Proteger estructuras que controlan el apagado seguro
• Contener o separar el fuego de otros activos

Purpose of PFP
PERSONNEL PROTECTION :
• Permitir evacuacion del personal
• Por un periodo de tiempo dado
• Proveer un area segura o proteccion para personal

hasta su evacuacion segura
Fire Time / Temperature Relationship
"STANDARD" TIME TEMPERATURE CURVES
1400
Hydrocarbon (jet)
1200
Hydrocarbon (pool)
1000
Temperature (0C)
Cellulosic
800
Cellulosic
600
400
200
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Time (minutes)
Passive Fire Protection Systems
• Definition
• Thermally inert material that encases and insulates
the steel structure, keeping the critical steel
temperature below the point where design strength
is compromised.
Program Outline
• Proposito de los sistemas de proteccion pasiva

contra el fuego
• Tipos d e sistemas de proteccion pasiva contra el

fuego (PFP)

Types of PFP
• Cement / Concrete
• Lightweight Cementitious PFP
• Intumescent PFP (epoxy based)

Cementitious PFP - How does it Work?
• Concrete and light weight cementitious products

contain H2O in their mix
• It takes a large amount of thermal energy* to change

the phase (water to steam) trapped in the matrix
• The water trapped in the mix acts as the “insulation” of

the base substrate – absorbs thermal energy
*(latent heat of vaporisation of 2246 kJ/kg)

Differences between Concrete & Lightweight
Cementitious
• Concrete mix uses water, aggregate and Portland

cement (yielding a material with a 5-8% finished water
content)
• Light weight Cementitious replaces aggregate with

Vermiculite (clay) which holds more water (yielding a
finished product with approximately 10-15% water
content -
• Light weight cementitious is a more efficient fire

proofing material
Cementitious Based Materials
• Materials are held in place by reinforcing
• The steel is usually boxed or shuttered with installation

of a reinforcement mesh supported by welded studs in
the middle section of the coating
Cement Based Materials - Concrete
Types of PFP
• Cement / Concrete
• Lightweight Cementitious PFP
• Intumescent PFP (epoxy based)

Chartek History – The Apollo Heritage
Epoxy Intumescent PFP
• Epoxy based materials • Intumesce is an expansion or foaming

process whereby an insulating char is
that “Intumescence”
formed at the fire surface.
Intumescent PFP Materials
• Materials are held in place by direct adhesion to the

steel
• Typically applied similar to other coatings materials

(spray, or trowel applied)
Epoxy PFP
• Epoxy intumescent
technology for both on
and offshore
• 100% solids - solvent
free
• Light weight and robust
UL1709 Fire Rating Mesh Requirements

Up to 1 hour No mesh reinforcement.
Greater than 1 hour HK-1 mesh applied only
(max 3½ hours) to flanges, around tips.
Temporary shelter built at fabricators
Program Outline
• The Purpose and Types of Passive Fire Protection

(PFP) Systems for Hydrocarbon Fires
• Features of Each Type of Materials

Cementatious PFP
• Concrete / lightweight cementatious PFP will perform

as fire proofing materials, if maintained (MUST BE
TOPCOATED TO PASS UL 1709)
• Excessive water intrusion can cause spalling

(explosion) during fire event.
• The problem arises in the long term maintenance

required to keep the systems intact and well as
avoiding corrosion of the underlying substrate.
Complete in the Shop
Cementitious Chartek
80% Complete 95% Complete
In the Shop
Lifecycle Cost - Cementitious
$600,000 $$$ Maintenance

with Cementitious
$500,000
Dollars per Year
$400,000
Chartek
$300,000
Cementitious
$200,000
$100,000
$0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Years $0 Maintenance with
Chartek
Cementitious PFP
• View of failing
cementitious
• Cementitious PFP
can Mask Corrosion
Cementitious PFP
• The point of PFP is to

protect the steel.
• If the steel thickness is

reduced, the steel yields
FASTER
Comparison of PFP Systems
Cementations PFP Epoxy PFP
• More Blockout areas • Less Block out areas
• Reinforcing hard to form • CF Mesh is roller applied
Cementitious PFP Epoxy PFP

• 7-28 days de curado previo al
embarque • Aplica en un diua, embarca el proximo
dia
• Susceptible a golpes
• Resistencia a golpes
• Mas dificultad de reparacion
• Facilidad y minima de reparacion
Cementations PFP Epoxy PFP

• 10 lb & 4 lb per foot of • 2 lb per foot of
application application
• High transportation costs • Low transportation
• Susceptible to costs
mechanical damage • Hard wearing with
from vibration and excellent adhesion and
impact impact resistance
• Requires topcoating to • Does not require top
prevent corrosion coating to prevent
corrosion
Field Application Block Out
20% 5%
Summary
• Epoxy PFP provides the SAFEST alternative for

installation
• Epoxy PFP provides the longest term corrosion

protection
• Epoxy PFP offers the lowest life cycle cost of any

passive fire protection system

Introduction To Passive Fire Protection

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Introduction to Passive Fire Protection

At the end of this presentation, you will understand:

• Know the Purpose of Passive Fire Protection

• Types of Passive Fire Protection (PFP) Systems

• Design and Maintenance Consideration for PFP

• Economic Considerations of Fireproofing

• Steel is not combustible – HOWEVER, it does lose

PROTECCION DE LOS ACTIVOS :

• Proteger estructuras que controlan el apagado seguro

• Contener o separar el fuego de otros activos

• Permitir evacuacion del personal

• Por un periodo de tiempo dado

• Proveer un area segura o proteccion para personal

"STANDARD" TIME TEMPERATURE CURVES

• Proposito de los sistemas de proteccion pasiva

• Tipos d e sistemas de proteccion pasiva contra el

• Design and Maintenance Consideration for PFP

• Lightweight Cementitious PFP

• Intumescent PFP (epoxy based)

• Concrete and light weight cementitious products

• It takes a large amount of thermal energy* to change

• The water trapped in the mix acts as the “insulation” of

*(latent heat of vaporisation of 2246 kJ/kg)

• Concrete mix uses water, aggregate and Portland

• Light weight Cementitious replaces aggregate with

• Light weight cementitious is a more efficient fire

• Materials are held in place by reinforcing

• The steel is usually boxed or shuttered with installation

• Lightweight Cementitious PFP

• Intumescent PFP (epoxy based)

• Epoxy based materials • Intumesce is an expansion or foaming

• Materials are held in place by direct adhesion to the

• Typically applied similar to other coatings materials

UL1709 Fire Rating Mesh Requirements

• The Purpose and Types of Passive Fire Protection

• Features of Each Type of Materials

• Design and Maintenance Consideration for PFP

• Concrete / lightweight cementatious PFP will perform

• Excessive water intrusion can cause spalling

• The problem arises in the long term maintenance

$600,000 $$$ Maintenance

• The point of PFP is to

• If the steel thickness is

Cementitious PFP Epoxy PFP

Cementations PFP Epoxy PFP

• Epoxy PFP provides the SAFEST alternative for

• Epoxy PFP provides the longest term corrosion

• Epoxy PFP offers the lowest life cycle cost of any

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