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    Common Examples of Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) : - Oracle, - Mysql, - Microsoft SQL Server, - Postgresql and - Ibm Db2 - Etc

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    Firemandeheavenly Inamen
    This document discusses relational database management systems and normalization. It provides examples of common RDBMS like Oracle and MySQL. It defines 1st, 2nd, and 3rd normal forms and describes how to normalize tables to eliminate anomalies and conform to these normal forms through decomposition into separate tables for attributes with transitive dependencies.

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    Common Examples of Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) : - Oracle, - Mysql, - Microsoft SQL Server, - Postgresql and - Ibm Db2 - Etc

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    Firemandeheavenly Inamen
    19 views13 pages
    This document discusses relational database management systems and normalization. It provides examples of common RDBMS like Oracle and MySQL. It defines 1st, 2nd, and 3rd normal forms and describes how to normalize tables to eliminate anomalies and conform to these normal forms through decomposition into separate tables for attributes with transitive dependencies.

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    NORMALIZATION

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    This document discusses relational database management systems and normalization. It provides examples of common RDBMS like Oracle and MySQL. It defines 1st, 2nd, and 3rd normal forms and describes how to normalize tables to eliminate anomalies and conform to these normal forms through decomposition into separate tables for attributes with transitive dependencies.

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    19 views13 pages

    Common Examples of Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) : - Oracle, - Mysql, - Microsoft SQL Server, - Postgresql and - Ibm Db2 - Etc

    Uploaded by

    Firemandeheavenly Inamen
    This document discusses relational database management systems and normalization. It provides examples of common RDBMS like Oracle and MySQL. It defines 1st, 2nd, and 3rd normal forms and describes how to normalize tables to eliminate anomalies and conform to these normal forms through decomposition into separate tables for attributes with transitive dependencies.

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    Common examples of Relational Database

    Management Systems(RDBMS):
    • Oracle,
    • MySQL,
    • Microsoft SQL Server,
    • PostgreSQL and
    • IBM DB2
    • etc
    • A relation schema is denoted by R(A1,A2,…AN)
    is made of a relation name R and a list of
    attributes A1,A2,…AN.
    NORMALIZATION
    • Normalization is the process of splitting
    relations into well structured relations that
    allow users to insert, delete, and update
    tuples without introducing database
    inconsistencies.

    • There are three types of anomalies: update,


    deletion and insertion anomalies.
    Basic Normal Forms
    • 1NF - Each attribute is atomic.
    • 2NF - Must be in 1NF
    - All non-key attributes are fully functional
    dependent on the primary key

    • 3NF - Must be in 1NF and 2NF


    - no non-primary-key attribute is transitively
    dependent on the primary key
    2NF
    • In a table, if attribute B is functionally dependent on A, but
    is not functionally dependent on a proper subset of A, then
    B is considered fully functional dependent on A.

    • Hence, in a 2NF table, all non-key attributes cannot be


    dependent on a subset of the primary key. Note that if the
    primary key is not a composite key, all non-key attributes are
    always fully functional dependent on the primary key.

    • A table that is in 1st normal form and contains only a single


    key as the primary key is automatically in 2nd normal form.
    • Consider the following example:

    • This table has a composite primary key [Customer ID, Store ID]. The
    non-key attribute is [Purchase Location]. In this case, [Purchase
    Location] only depends on [Store ID], which is only part of the primary
    key. Therefore, this table does not satisfy second normal form.
    To bring this table to second normal form, we
    break the table into two tables, and now we
    have the following:
    • 3rd Normal Form Definition
    • A database is in third normal form if it satisfies the
    following conditions:
    • It is in second normal form
    • There is no transitive functional dependency
    • By transitive functional dependency, we mean we have
    the following relationships in the table: A is
    functionally dependent on B, and B is functionally
    dependent on C. In this case, C is transitively
    dependent on A via B.
    • In the table able, [Book ID] determines [Genre ID], and [Genre ID]
    determines [Genre Type]. Therefore, [Book ID] determines [Genre
    Type] via [Genre ID] and we have transitive functional
    dependency, and this structure does not satisfy third normal form.

    • To bring this table to third normal form, we split the table into two
    as follows:
    • Now all non-key attributes are fully functional dependent only on
    the primary key. In [TABLE_BOOK], both [Genre ID] and [Price] are
    only dependent on [Book ID].

    • In [TABLE_GENRE], [Genre Type] is only dependent on [Genre ID].

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