This document provides information about the Civil Engineering Materials course CE 201. It discusses bricks, including their composition, manufacturing process, classification, characteristics of good bricks, and uses. The key points are that bricks are made from clay, which is shaped and fired to become strong building blocks. Good bricks should be uniform, strong, water resistant, and produce a clear ringing sound when struck. Various field tests evaluate brick quality.
This document provides information about the Civil Engineering Materials course CE 201. It discusses bricks, including their composition, manufacturing process, classification, characteristics of good bricks, and uses. The key points are that bricks are made from clay, which is shaped and fired to become strong building blocks. Good bricks should be uniform, strong, water resistant, and produce a clear ringing sound when struck. Various field tests evaluate brick quality.
This document provides information about the Civil Engineering Materials course CE 201. It discusses bricks, including their composition, manufacturing process, classification, characteristics of good bricks, and uses. The key points are that bricks are made from clay, which is shaped and fired to become strong building blocks. Good bricks should be uniform, strong, water resistant, and produce a clear ringing sound when struck. Various field tests evaluate brick quality.
This document provides information about the Civil Engineering Materials course CE 201. It discusses bricks, including their composition, manufacturing process, classification, characteristics of good bricks, and uses. The key points are that bricks are made from clay, which is shaped and fired to become strong building blocks. Good bricks should be uniform, strong, water resistant, and produce a clear ringing sound when struck. Various field tests evaluate brick quality.
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Engineering Materials
CE- 201
Md. Masud Alom
Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Daffodil International University Reference Book Engineering Materials By Dr. M. A. Aziz About Course • Course Name: Engineering Materials • Course Code: CE 201 • Credits: 3 (Three) • No. of Class Per Week: 3 (Three) • Marks Distribution: Attendance = 7% Class Test = 15% Assignment = 5% Presentation = 8% Mid Term Exam = 25% Final Term Exam. = 40% Total = 100% Bricks Learning Objectives: After completing this unit, the student will be able to understand
Know the composition of good brick
Know the requirements of good brick Describe the manufacturing process of Bricks Explain the Field tests of good bricks Explain the Characteristics of good bricks Explain Classification of Bricks Know about uses of Bricks Bricks • A brick is an artificial kind of stone made of clay whose chief characteristics are a plasticity when wet and stone like hardness after being heated to high temperature. • Factors that affect the quality of bricks: Chemical properties of the clay used Preparation of the clay. Process of drying. Different degress of burning Different Parts of Brick Constituents of Brick Clay Name of the Percentage (%) Functions constituents Silica 55 Prevent cracking, shrinking and warping Too much makes brick brittle and weak Alumina 30 Imparts plasticity to clay Too much causes bricks crack and warp during drying and becomes very hard under the influence of heat.
Iron oxide 08 Makes the brick impermeable
Gives the color to the brick Magnesia 05 Decrease shrinkages Gives yellow fint
Lime 01 Reduces shrinkage of bricks during drying
Organic matter 01 Small quantity assists burning of brick Too much causes brick porous Total 100 Harmful Constituents of Brick-Clay
Constituents Harmful effects
Iron pyrites Causes crystallization & disintegration of bricks on burning.
Alkalies Cause the bricks to fuse, twist and warp
during burning.
Stone particales Non uniformity of brick texture.
Makes bricks porous and weak.
Vegetation and organic matter Makes bricks porous and weak.
Lime Excess lime causes the brick to fuse too
readily & the shape is lost. Manufacture of Bricks
Steps involved in the manufacture of bricks are given below:
• Selection of brick clay • Preparation of brick clay. • Brick moulding Machine moulding Hand moulding • Brick drying • Brick burning Clamp or pazawah burning Kiln burning Characteristics of Good Bricks Brick should be uniform in color, size & shape. They should be sound and compact. Should be free from cracks. Should not absorb more than 1/5 of their own wt. of water when immerged in water for 24 hours. (15 to 20% dry wt.) The compressive strength of bricks should be in the range of 5000 to 8000 psi. They should be neither overburnt nor underburnt. Weight should be generally 6 lbs per brick. Weight per cu ft. should not be less than 125 lbs. Brick should not change in volume when wetted. Field Tests of Bricks 1) Take a brick and try to make mark on the surface by nil, if you can make it, it is not a good brick. If not, it is very hard and compact. 2) Take brick and strike it with a hammer. If it gives clear ringing or metallic sound. It is a good brick. If not a bad one. 3) Take two bricks and form a tee (T) and drop from a height of 6 ft on a more or less solid surface. If they break they are not good bricks. If they remain unbroken they are good bricks. Classification of Bricks • First class bricks. • Second class bricks. • Third class bricks. • Fist class bats. • Second class bats. • Picked jhama bricks. • Jhama bricks. • Jhama bats. Uses of Bricks • Construction of walls of any size. • Construction of floors. • Construction of arches and cornices. • Making khoa to use as an aggregate in concrete. • Manufacture of surki to be used in plaster and lime concrete. • (100 cft of brickworks 1200 nos. bricks and 45 cft. of mortar are required 830 nos. bricks will make 100 cft. of khoa for concrete) Some important terms • Size of Bricks: According to PWD (Public Work Department) specification standard size of brick is 9.5 in*4.5 in*2.75 in (Without mortar) and with mortar 10 in *5 in*3 in • Frog Marks: It is the identification marks of brick. It is generally left on the face of the brick during the process of moulding to indicate the name of the manufacturers of the brick. This done by fitting a fillet on the corresponding face of the mould & usually on the lower surface.