Mes p3 - Module5

TYPES OF REAL TIME By
Curated By
SYSTEM Kavitha Patil
INTERRUPT HANDLING
 Interrupts inform the processor that an external device or an

associated task requires immediate attention of the CPU.
 ❖ Interrupts can be either Synchronous or Asynchronous
 . ❖ Interrupts which occurs in sync with the currently
executing task is known as Synchronous interrupts. Usually
the software interrupts fall under the Synchronous Interrupt
category. Divide by zero, memory segmentation error etc are
examples of Synchronous interrupts
. ❖ For synchronous interrupts, the interrupt handler runs in the
same context of the interrupting task
. ❖ Asynchronous interrupts are interrupts, which occurs at any
point of execution of any task, and are not in sync with the
currently executing task
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM 1 January 2020

MODULE OUTCOMES
 At the end of this module ,You will be able to :

 Operating System Basics:
 Types of Operating Systems
 Real Time Kernel Task/Process Management
 Memory Management:
 Interrupt Handling
 Hard Real-time System:
 Tasks, Processes & Threads
 The Concept of multithreading
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

1 January 2020
SESSION SCHEDULE
 8 learning sessions
 2 session for assignment and reviews
 Teaching methods
 group learning ,
 peer learning ,
 innovative quiz
 self learning

1 January 2020
SESSION 2
 At the end of this session you will be able to :

 Interrupt Handling
 Time Management:
 Hard Real-time System:
 Soft Real-time System

1 January 2020
TIME MANAGEMENT
 Interrupts inform the processor that an external device or an
associated task requires immediate attention of the CPU
 . ❖ Accurate time management is essential for providing
precise time reference for all applications
❖ The time reference to kernel is provided by a high-resolution
Real Time Clock (RTC) hardware chip (hardware timer
) ❖ The hardware timer is programmed to interrupt the
processor/controller at a fixed rate. This timer interrupt is
referred as ‘Timer tick’
❖ The ‘Timer tick’ is taken as the timing reference by the
kernel. The ‘Timer tick’ interval may vary depending on the
hardware timer. Usually the ‘Timer tick’ varies in the
microseconds range

1 January 2020
TIME MANAGEMENT
 The time parameters for tasks are expressed as the multiples

of the ‘Timer tick’
❖ The System time is updated based on the ‘Timer tick’
❖ If the System time register is 32 bits wide and the ‘Timer tick’
interval is 1microsecond, the System time register will reset in
232 * 10-6/ (24 * 60 * 60) = 49700 Days =~ 0.0497 Days =
1.19 Hours
If the ‘Timer tick’ interval is 1 millisecond, the System time
register will reset in
232 * 10-3 / (24 * 60 * 60) = 497 Days = 49.7 Days =~ 50
Days The ‘Timer tick’ interrupt is handled by the ‘Timer
Interrupt’ handler of kernel. The ‘Timer tick’ interrupt can be
utilized for implementing the following actions

1 January 2020
HARD REAL-TIME SYSTEM
 A Real Time Operating Systems which strictly adheres to the

timing constraints for a task
 ❖ A Hard Real Time system must meet the deadlines for a
task without any slippage
❖ Missing any deadline may produce catastrophic results for
Hard Real Time Systems, including permanent data lose and
irrecoverable damages to the system/users
❖ Emphasize on the principle ‘A late answer is a wrong answer’
1 January 2020
HARD REAL-TIME SYSTEM
 Air bag control systems and Anti-lock Brake Systems (ABS) of

vehicles are typical examples of Hard Real Time Systems
 ❖ As a rule of thumb, Hard Real Time Systems does not
implement the virtual memory model for handling the
memory. This eliminates the delay in swapping in and out the
code corresponding to the task to and from the primary
memory
 ❖ The presence of Human in the loop (HITL) for tasks
introduces unexpected delays in the task execution. Most of
the Hard Real Time Systems are automatic and does not
contain a ‘human in the loop’
1 January 2020
SOFT REAL-TIME SYSTEM
 ❖Real Time Operating Systems that does not guarantee

meeting deadlines, but, offer the best effort to meet the
deadline
 ❖Missing deadlines for tasks are acceptable if the frequency
of deadline missing is within the compliance limit of the
Quality of Service(QoS)
 ❖A Soft Real Time system emphasizes on the principle ‘A
late answer is an acceptable answer, but it could have done
bit faster’
 ❖Soft Real Time systems most often have a ‘human in the
loop (HITL)’
1 January 2020
SOFT REAL-TIME SYSTEM
Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) is a typical example of Soft

Real Time System. If the ATM takes a few seconds more than
the ideal operation time, nothing fatal happens
. ❖ An audio video play back system is another example of Soft
Real Time system. No potential damage arises if a sample
comes late by fraction of a second, for play back.
1 January 2020
n memory at the lowest address and the higher order data byte at the highest address. For e.g, 4 byte long integer Byte3, Byte2, B
ENDIANNES
E n d i a n n e s s s p e c i f i e s t h e o r d e r wh i c h t h e d a t a i s s t o r e d
in the memory by processor operations in a multi byte system.

o Based on Endiannes processors can be of two types:
Little Endian Processors
Big Endian Processors
Little-endian means lower order data byte is stored in memory at the lowest address
and the higher order data byte at the highest address. For e.g, 4 byte long integer Byte3, Byte2, Byte1, Byte0 will be
store in the memory as follows:
1 January 2020
tored in memory at the lowest and the lower order data byte at the highest address. For e.g. a 4 byte integer Byte3, Byte2, Byte1
ENDIANNES
 Big-endian means the higher order data byte is stored in

memory at the lowest and the lower order data byte at the
highest address. For e.g. a 4 byte integer Byte3, Byte2, Byte1,
Byte0 will be stored in the memory as follows:
1 January 2020
SUMMARY :
 In this Session ,You have learned

 To Differentiate RISC and CISC architecture
 Differentiate between microprocessor and microcontroller
 Applications of Embedded system
 Purpose of Embedded system
 Core of Embedded system

1 January 2020
A QUICK QUIZ
The first recognised modern embedded system is
1. Minuteman I
2. Minuteman II
3. Autonetics D17
4. Apollo Guidance computer(AGC)

1 January 2020
A QUICK QUIZ
Which of the following is not the example of Small scale

Embedded System
 Electronic Barbie Doll
 Simple Calculator
 Cell Phone
 Electronic Toy Car

1 January 2020

Mes p3 - Module5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mes p3 - Module5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mes p3 - Module5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TYPES OF REAL TIME By

 Interrupts inform the processor that an external device or an

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM 1 January 2020

 At the end of this module ,You will be able to :

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

 At the end of this session you will be able to :

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

 The time parameters for tasks are expressed as the multiples

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

 A Real Time Operating Systems which strictly adheres to the

 Air bag control systems and Anti-lock Brake Systems (ABS) of

 ❖Real Time Operating Systems that does not guarantee

Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) is a typical example of Soft

 Big-endian means the higher order data byte is stored in

 In this Session ,You have learned

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

The first recognised modern embedded system is

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Which of the following is not the example of Small scale

INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

You might also like