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Mappings and Functions: Key Concepts

1. A function is a special type of mapping where each element of the domain maps to exactly one element in the range. The domain is the set of allowed inputs, and the range is the set of possible outputs. 2. For a mapping to be a function, it must be either one-to-one or many-to-one. One-to-one means each input maps to a unique output, and many-to-one means multiple inputs can map to the same output. 3. To find the inverse of a function, swap the domain and range. The inverse undoes the original function.

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34 views37 pages

Mappings and Functions: Key Concepts

1. A function is a special type of mapping where each element of the domain maps to exactly one element in the range. The domain is the set of allowed inputs, and the range is the set of possible outputs. 2. For a mapping to be a function, it must be either one-to-one or many-to-one. One-to-one means each input maps to a unique output, and many-to-one means multiple inputs can map to the same output. 3. To find the inverse of a function, swap the domain and range. The inverse undoes the original function.

Uploaded by

Edal Santos
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C3 CORE MATHEMATICS

MAPPINGS and FUNCTIONS

KEY CONCEPTS:
DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION
DOMAIN
RANGE
INVERSE FUNCTION
MAPPINGS and FUNCTIONS
y  2x  1
What is a Function?
?
A function is a special type of
mapping such that each member
of the domain is mapped to
one, and only one,
element in the range.
DOMAIN
The DOMAIN is the set of ALLOWED INPUTS TO A FUNCTION.
RANGE
The RANGE is the set of POSSIBLE OUTPUTS FROM A
FUNCTION
A function is a special type of
mapping such that each member
of the domain is mapped to
one, and only one,
element in the range.
Only a one-to-one WOW!

or a many-to-one
mapping can be called
a function.
ONE TO ONE MAPPING MANY TO ONE MAPPING

DOMAIN RANGE DOMAIN RANGE

RANGE
RANGE

y  2x  1 y  x2

DOMAIN DOMAIN
ONE TO MANY MAPPING MANY TO MANY MAPPING
• 2 • 2
• -2 • -2
• 0 • 0
• √8 • √8
• -√8 • -√8

y x x  y 8
2 2
ONE TO MANY MAPPING MANY TO MANY MAPPING
• 2 • 2
• -2 • -2
• 0 • 0
• √8 • √8
• -√8 • -√8
THESE
MAPPINGS
ARE NOT
FUNCTIONS

y x x  y 8
2 2
FUNCTIONS (well…almost) NOT FUNCTIONS

One-one Many-one One-Many Many-Many


mapping mapping mapping mapping
       
 
 
 
 

Place the following mappings in the table 1


y  x3
2 x2 y 2
 1
y 4 9
y  3 x x

y x y  x3 y  3x
yx 4
FUNCTIONS (nearly!) NOT FUNCTIONS

One-one Many-one One-Many Many-Many


mapping mapping mapping mapping
       
 
y  3 x y2  x  3 x2 y 2
yx 4
 
 
1  1
 
y 4 9
x yx 3
y x
y  3x
Place the following mappings in the table
A function is a special type
of mapping such that each
member of the domain is
mapped to
one, and only one,
element in the range.
KNOW
ALL!!

BUT THERE’S MORE


TO CONSIDER
FOR A FUNCTION TO EXIST:
The DOMAIN MUST BE DEFINED- Or values which can NOT be in the DOMAIN MUST BE
IDENTIFIED
1
Consider the MAPPING y
x
The MAPPING becomes a FUNCTION when we
define the DOMAIN
1
f ( x)  x0
x
The DOMAIN MAY BE DEFINED- to make a mapping become a function
y  x 1
f ( x)   x  1 x…-1

The set of values in the DOMAIN can also be written in



INTERVAL NOTATION 1, 

INTERVAL/SET NOTATION
I KNEW
THAT

R Is a symbol standing for the


SET OF REAL NUMBERS

xR
Means that x “is a member of” the
SET OF REAL NUMBERS
Finding the RANGE of a function
The RANGE of a function can be visualised as the projection onto the y axis
The RANGE of a ONE TO ONE FUNCTION will depend on the DOMAIN.

Find the RANGE of the function defined as

f ( x )  x 2 -1 x 1
The RANGE of the function:

INTERVAL NOTATION
The RANGE of a MANY TO ONE FUNCTION will
Need careful consideration.

f ( x )  x 2 -1 x > 2
The set of values in the domain written in
INTERVAL NOTATION is 2,  

The set of values in the RANGE written in


INTERVAL NOTATION is

Minimum point with coordinate


(0,-1)
What if you have no graph to LOOK AT?
Then you would need to identify any STATIONARY POINTS of the graph

Take care finding the


range of a Many to one
Function
The function is ONE TO ONE on the given DOMAIN so

1
f (bit bigger than 2) 
(bigger than 2)-2
Function and Domain Range
1

CARE!
f  x    x2 , x  R 1
 ,0
f  x   2 x  10, x  5
 20,  
2 2

f  x   10  2 x, x  5
 ,0
3 3

4
f  x    x2 , x  2 4
 , 4 
f  x   2 x  10, x  0  ,10
5 5

f  x   10  2 x, x  2
 6,  
6 6

f  x   x 2  2, x  1
 2,  
7 7

CARE!
8
f  x    x 2 , x  3 8
 , 9 
9
f  x   x 2  2, x  1 9
 3,  
10
f  x   x 2  2, x  0 10
 2,  
1
Finding the INVERSE FUNCTION f ( x)
x y
DOMAIN f ( x) RANGE
f(x) f(x)

RANGE
f-1(x) DOMAIN
f-1(x)
1
f ( x)
For an INVERSE to EXIST the original function MUST BE ONE TO ONE

DOMAIN f(x) is EQUAL TO RANGE f -1(x)


RANGE f(x) is EQUAL TO DOMAIN f -1(x)
EXAMPLE A function is defined as
f ( x)  x  2 x2
(a)Find the inverse function f 1 ( x )
1
(b) Find the domain and Range of f ( x)
(c) sketch the graphs of f ( x) and f
1
( x ) on the same pair of
axes.
1
f ( x)  x  2
2
yx
We see that the graph of the
inverse function is
the reflection in the line y=x,
of the graph of the function.
VICA VERSA

f ( x)  x  2
EXAMPLE x2  3
The function f is defined as f ( x)  2 for  ,0 
x 5

and f ( x )  0 for all values of x on the domain


1 1
Find an expression for f ( x ) and find the domain and range of f ( x)
A SPECIAL PAIR f ( x)  e x

1
OF FUNCTIONS f ( x )  ln x

f 1 ( x )  ln x

f ( x)  e x

f  f 1 ( x )  x
ln( e )  xx

e ln x
x

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