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    PHYS220 - Lecture 3.1

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    Savio Khoury
    The document describes a simple pendulum system consisting of a bob of mass m attached to a string of length L. For small angular displacements θ, the motion of the pendulum is approximated as simple harmonic motion. The equation of motion is derived as d2θ/dt2 + ω2θ = 0, where the angular frequency ω is equal to √g/L. The period of oscillation for small θ is then given as T = 2π√(L/g).

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PHYS220 - Lecture 3.1

    Uploaded by

    Savio Khoury
    34 views5 pages
    The document describes a simple pendulum system consisting of a bob of mass m attached to a string of length L. For small angular displacements θ, the motion of the pendulum is approximated as simple harmonic motion. The equation of motion is derived as d2θ/dt2 + ω2θ = 0, where the angular frequency ω is equal to √g/L. The period of oscillation for small θ is then given as T = 2π√(L/g).

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    PHYS220_Lecture 3.1

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    The document describes a simple pendulum system consisting of a bob of mass m attached to a string of length L. For small angular displacements θ, the motion of the pendulum is approximated as simple harmonic motion. The equation of motion is derived as d2θ/dt2 + ω2θ = 0, where the angular frequency ω is equal to √g/L. The period of oscillation for small θ is then given as T = 2π√(L/g).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views5 pages

    PHYS220 - Lecture 3.1

    Uploaded by

    Savio Khoury
    The document describes a simple pendulum system consisting of a bob of mass m attached to a string of length L. For small angular displacements θ, the motion of the pendulum is approximated as simple harmonic motion. The equation of motion is derived as d2θ/dt2 + ω2θ = 0, where the angular frequency ω is equal to √g/L. The period of oscillation for small θ is then given as T = 2π√(L/g).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Simple pendulum: description

    String:   𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠=0
    {𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡h , 𝐿
    Bob: 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
      ,𝑚
    (Equilibrium
    position)

    ⃗𝑇 

    𝑚  ⃗𝑔
    Air resistance is neglected.
    Simple pendulum: Equation of motion
    𝐿  𝜃  𝜃  𝐿 
     𝑦  𝑦 ⃗𝑇 
    ⃗𝑇 
     𝑥
    𝑚⃗
    𝑔𝑥
    𝑚  ⃗
    𝑔𝑦 𝑚⃗
    𝑔𝑥   𝑚  ⃗
    𝑔𝑦
    𝜃
     
    𝜃
       𝑥  
    𝑚  ⃗𝑔
    𝑚  ⃗𝑔

      : tends to restore the system to its equilibrium position.

    Newton’s second law:


    2
      𝑑 𝜃
    ∑ 𝑥
    𝐹
    ⃗ =𝑚 𝑎
    ⃗ 𝑥 =𝑚 𝑎
    ⃗𝑡 → −𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃=𝑚 𝐿
    𝑑 𝑡2
    2
     𝑑 𝜃 + 𝑔 sin 𝜃=0
    2
    𝑑𝑡 𝐿

    PHYS220 by Dr. Salam Sakr, Spring 19-20 2


    Simple pendulum: Simple Harmonic Motion
    Simple pendulum Block + Spring
    2 2
     𝑑 𝜃 + 𝑔 sin 𝜃=0  𝑑 𝑥 +𝜔 2 𝑥= 0
    2
    𝐿 vs 𝑑𝑡
    2
    𝑑𝑡

    The motion of a pendulum is not simple harmonic.

     BUT: For small angles ();

    The restoring force becomes: 𝐹=−𝑚𝑔


      𝜃
    𝟐
     𝒅 𝜽 𝟐
    The equation of motion of the simple pendulum becomes: 𝟐
    +𝝎 𝜽=𝟎  
    𝒅𝒕

    𝑔
     
    √
    where 𝜔= 𝐿 is the angular frequency.

    The motion of a pendulum is simple harmonic for small angular displacement only.

    PHYS220 by Dr. Salam Sakr, Spring 19-20 3


    Simple pendulum: Solution of the equation of motion
    𝟐
     𝒅 𝜽 𝟐 Equation of motion
    𝟐
    +𝝎 𝜽=𝟎  
    𝒅𝒕 for small angles

    One possible Solution:

    Angular displacement: 𝜃=𝜃


      𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝜔 𝑡 + 𝜑 )

     𝑑 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
    Angular velocity:
    𝑑𝑡
    =−𝜔 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin ( 𝜔 𝑡 +𝜑 ) →
    𝑑𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥 ]
      =𝜔 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥

    𝑑𝜃
    Linear velocity: 𝑣  =𝐿 =−𝜔 𝐿 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin ( 𝜔 𝑡 + 𝜑 ) →
      𝑣 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝜔 𝐿 𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥
    𝑑𝑡

    𝑑2𝜃   𝑑 𝜃
    2
    Angular acceleration:  
    2
    = −
    𝑑𝑡
    𝜔
    2
    𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 cos ( 𝜔 𝑡 +𝜑 ) →
    𝑑𝑡
    2 ] 𝑚𝑎𝑥
    2
    = 𝜔 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥

    PHYS220 by Dr. Salam Sakr, Spring 19-20 4


    Simple pendulum: Time characteristics

    o Period: Time needed to complete one oscillation.


    𝜃  𝑚𝑎𝑥

     
    𝟐𝝅 𝑳

    One oscillation
    𝝎 √
    𝑻 = =𝟐 𝝅
    𝒈

    PHYS220 by Dr. Salam Sakr, Spring 19-20 5

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