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    Hybridization (Autosaved)

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    Brandeice Barrett
    The document discusses hybridization, which is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that describe atomic bonding. There are several types of hybrid orbitals: sp hybrid orbitals involve half s and half p character and form linear molecules like H-Be-H. sp2 hybrid orbitals involve two p orbitals and one s orbital, forming three orbitals at 120 degrees that make trigonal compounds like BF3. sp3 hybrid orbitals involve one s and three p orbitals, forming four orbitals at the corners of a tetrahedron seen in methane. Multiple bonds involve sigma bonds from hybrid orbital overlap and pi bonds from parallel p-orbital overlap.

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    Hybridization (Autosaved)

    Uploaded by

    Brandeice Barrett
    46 views13 pages
    The document discusses hybridization, which is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that describe atomic bonding. There are several types of hybrid orbitals: sp hybrid orbitals involve half s and half p character and form linear molecules like H-Be-H. sp2 hybrid orbitals involve two p orbitals and one s orbital, forming three orbitals at 120 degrees that make trigonal compounds like BF3. sp3 hybrid orbitals involve one s and three p orbitals, forming four orbitals at the corners of a tetrahedron seen in methane. Multiple bonds involve sigma bonds from hybrid orbital overlap and pi bonds from parallel p-orbital overlap.

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    Hybridization [Autosaved]

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    The document discusses hybridization, which is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that describe atomic bonding. There are several types of hybrid orbitals: sp hybrid orbitals involve half s and half p character and form linear molecules like H-Be-H. sp2 hybrid orbitals involve two p orbitals and one s orbital, forming three orbitals at 120 degrees that make trigonal compounds like BF3. sp3 hybrid orbitals involve one s and three p orbitals, forming four orbitals at the corners of a tetrahedron seen in methane. Multiple bonds involve sigma bonds from hybrid orbital overlap and pi bonds from parallel p-orbital overlap.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    46 views13 pages

    Hybridization (Autosaved)

    Uploaded by

    Brandeice Barrett
    The document discusses hybridization, which is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that describe atomic bonding. There are several types of hybrid orbitals: sp hybrid orbitals involve half s and half p character and form linear molecules like H-Be-H. sp2 hybrid orbitals involve two p orbitals and one s orbital, forming three orbitals at 120 degrees that make trigonal compounds like BF3. sp3 hybrid orbitals involve one s and three p orbitals, forming four orbitals at the corners of a tetrahedron seen in methane. Multiple bonds involve sigma bonds from hybrid orbital overlap and pi bonds from parallel p-orbital overlap.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Hybridization

    Atomic Orbits
    Hybridization
     the concept of mixing atomic
    orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals
    suitable for the qualitative
    description of atomic bonding
    properties
    The sp hybrid atomic orbitals
     The sp hybrid atomic orbitals
    are possible states of electron in an
    atom, especially when it is bonded
    to others. These electron states
    have half 2s and half 2p characters
     For example, the
    molecule H-Be-H is
    formed due to the
    overlapping of two 1s
    orbitals of 2 H atoms
    and the two sp
    hybridized orbitals of
    Be. Thus, the H-Be-H
    molecule is linear. The
    diagram here shows
    the overlapping of
    AOs in the molecule
    H-Be-H
    The sp2 hybrid orbitals
     The energy states of the valence
    electrons in atoms of the second
    period are in the 2s and 2p orbitals.
    If we mix two of the 2p orbitals with
    a 2s orbital, we end up with three
    sp2 hybridized orbitals. These
    three orbitals lie on a plane, and
    they point to the vertices of a
    equilateral triangle as shown here.
     When the central
    atom makes use of
    sp2 hybridized
    orbitals, the
    compound so
    formed has a
    trigonal shape.
    BF3 is such a
    molecule:
    The sp3 hybrid orbitals
     Mixing one s and all
    three p atomic orbitals
    produces a set of four
    equivalent sp3 hybrid
    atomic orbitals. The
    four sp3 hybrid
    orbitals points towards
    the vertices of a
    tetrahedron, as shown
    here in this
    photograph
     In the case of methane, the three
    2p orbitals of the carbon atom are
    combined with its 2s orbital to form
    four new orbitals called "sp3" hybrid
    orbitals.
     .
    Hybridization Involving Multiple
    Bonds

     Only a maximum of two electrons


    can occupy any orbital whether it is
    an atomic orbital or a molecular
    orbital due to electron-electron
    repulsion.
     When we draw a double or a triple-
    bond between two atoms, we imply
    that either four or six electrons are
    directly between these two atoms.
     Since this is impossible, we must
    have these extra electrons off to the
    side in what we refer to as pi bonds.
     Therefore, all multiple bonds are
    composed of two different kinds of
    molecular bonds called pi-bonds
    and sigma-bonds.
     The sigma-bond is defined as the
    linear overlap of atomic orbitals
    (hybrids except for hydrogen) in
    which two electrons are directly
    between the two bonded nuclei.
     Pi-bonds are defined as the parallel
    overlap of p-orbitals. A double bond
    has one sigma-bond and one pi-
    bond. A triple bond thus consists of
    a sigma-bond and two pi-bonds
    with the pi-bonds in different planes

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