Japanese Garden

Japanese Garden
Japanese garden Prajina 1Taksari

Content
• Basic Information
• History
• Design principles
• Elements of garden
• Types of garden
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About Japanese Garden ( 日本庭園
nihon teien)
• Japanese garden is in landscape design
• The garden design in Japan is strongly connected to the
philosophy and religion of the country
• The art of garden making was probably imported into
Japan from China or Korea.
• The art of gardening is believed to be an important part of
Japanese culture from many centuries
• Categorized into three types: Tsukiyama(hill gardens)
Karesansui (dry gardens) and Chaniwa gardens (tea
gardens)
• The main purpose of a Japanese garden is to attempt to be
a space that captures the natural beauties of nature
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History
Early Japan (before 794)
• Earliest garden forms were sacred places in
the midst of the nature, which humans
marked by pebbles Stones used to delineate sacred grounds (Ise
• This early garden form can be recognized Shrine)
at some ancient Shinto shrines
Heian period (794-1185)
• They began building shined gardens at
there palaces and villas
• Large garden which were used for
elaborated parties
Osawa Pond at Daikakuji Temple in Kyoto
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Kamakura and Muromachi
period (1192-1573)
• The military rulers embraced the
newly introduced Zen Buddhism,
which would exert a strong Ryoanji Temple in Kyoto
influence in garden design
• The most extreme development
towards minimalism was the
Karesansui (dry garden)
Azuchi-Momoyama period
(1573-1603) Kotoin Temple in Kyoto
• Tea gardens were introduced in this
period
• Bridges became part of the gardens
Edo period (1603-1867)
• No major change was brought
• The size of elements were made big Japanese garden 5
Suizenji Park in Kumamoto
Meiji period (1868-1912)
• The Meiji period saw the modernization of
Japan, and the reopening of Japan to the west
• Many of the old private gardens had been
abandoned and left to ruin
Modern gardens (1868 to present)
• Many traditional gardens were built
• The Japanese garden became an extension of
the architecture
Adachi Museum of Art near Matsue
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Design principles
• Natural: that should make the garden look as if it grew by itself
• Asymmetry: that creates the impression of it being natural
• Odd numbers: it supports the effect of the asymmetry
• Simplicity: that follows the idea of ‘less is more’
• Triangle: that is the most common shape for compositions made of
stones, plants, etc
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Elements of Japanese garden
• Water
• Rocks and sand
• Plant
• Garden bridges
• Stone lanterns and water basins
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Water or Ike
• It represent the river, pond, sea or
lake in nature
• Non-geometrical in appearance; in
order to preserve the natural shapes
• The bank of date is usually bordered
by stones
• Wells are sometimes found in
Japanese garden
Rocks and sands Cascade at Nanzen-ji
• Rock, sand and gravel are an garden in Kyoto
essential feature of the Japanese
garden
• Rocks and water also symbolize yin
and yang
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Plants
• Plants are chosen according to aesthetic principles
• Plants are used to hide undesirable sights and to
serve as a backdrop to certain garden features
Garden bridges
• Made up of stone or wood covered with moss
• They could be either arched or flat
• Bridges can be colored red if it is used for temples
Stones lanterns and water basin
• Segment in stone lanterns expressed that after Ritsurin Garden
death our physical bodies go back to their original,
elemental form
• Stone water basin were placed in gardens for
visitors to wash their hands and mouth before tea
ceremony
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Garden styles
Chisen-shoyū-teien or pond garden
• It was imported from China during the Heian
period
• It is also called the shinden-zukuri style, after
the architectural style of the main building
• It featured a large, ornate residence with
two long wings reaching south to a large lake
and garden
• These gardens had large lakes with small
islands, where musicians played during
festivals and ceremonies worshippers could
look across the water at the Buddha. Heian-jingū is the old imperial pond garden of Kyoto
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The Paradise Garden
• It appeared in the late Heian period
• They were meant to symbolize Paradise or the
Pure Land (Jōdo), where the Buddha sat on a
platform contemplating a lotus pond
• These gardens featured a lake island called
Nakajima, where the Buddha hall was located,
connected to the shore by an arching bridge.
Jōruri-ji in Kyoto
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Karesansui dry rock gardens
• It became popular in Japan in the 14th
century
• These gardens have white sand or raked
gravel in place of water
• The rocks are arranged carefully
• Sometimes rocks and sand covered with
moss
Rosan-ji garden, Kyoto
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Roji, or tea gardens
• The tea garden was created during the
Muromachi and Momoyama period as
a setting for the Japanese tea
ceremony
• The style of garden takes its name from
the roji, or path to the teahouse, which
inspires the visitor for meditation to
prepare him for the ceremony
A tea garden, at Ise Jingu
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Kaiyū-shiki-teien, or promenade gardens
• It was appeared in Japan during the Edo
period
• Designed to complement the houses in the
new sukiya-zukuri style of architecture, which
were modeled after the tea house
• Were meant to be seen by following a path
clockwise around the lake from one carefully
composed scene to anoth.er
Katsura Imperial Villa
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Thank
you!!!
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Japanese Garden

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Japanese Garden

Japanese garden Prajina 1Taksari

Rosan-ji garden, Kyoto

A tea garden, at Ise Jingu

Katsura Imperial Villa

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