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    Kohlberg'S Stages of Moral Development: Ethics

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    Marcos Ballesteros
    Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on Piaget's theory of moral development by developing 6 stages across 3 levels. The pre-conventional level involves obeying rules to avoid punishment. The conventional level involves conforming to social norms for approval. The post-conventional level involves deciding morality based on self-chosen ethical principles of justice. Only 10-15% reach the highest stages of considering universal ethical principles, even if it means disobeying laws or social norms.

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    Kohlberg'S Stages of Moral Development: Ethics

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    Marcos Ballesteros
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    Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on Piaget's theory of moral development by developing 6 stages across 3 levels. The pre-conventional level involves obeying rules to avoid punishment. The conventional level involves conforming to social norms for approval. The post-conventional level involves deciding morality based on self-chosen ethical principles of justice. Only 10-15% reach the highest stages of considering universal ethical principles, even if it means disobeying laws or social norms.

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    Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on Piaget's theory of moral development by developing 6 stages across 3 levels. The pre-conventional level involves obeying rules to avoid punishment. The conventional level involves conforming to social norms for approval. The post-conventional level involves deciding morality based on self-chosen ethical principles of justice. Only 10-15% reach the highest stages of considering universal ethical principles, even if it means disobeying laws or social norms.

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    23 views10 pages

    Kohlberg'S Stages of Moral Development: Ethics

    Uploaded by

    Marcos Ballesteros
    Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on Piaget's theory of moral development by developing 6 stages across 3 levels. The pre-conventional level involves obeying rules to avoid punishment. The conventional level involves conforming to social norms for approval. The post-conventional level involves deciding morality based on self-chosen ethical principles of justice. Only 10-15% reach the highest stages of considering universal ethical principles, even if it means disobeying laws or social norms.

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    KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF

    MORAL DEVELOPMENT

    ETHICS
    Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
    Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

    Lawrence Kohlberg (1958) agreed with Piaget's (1932)


    theory of moral development in principle but wanted to
    develop his ideas further. 

    He used Piaget’s storytelling technique to tell people


    stories involving moral dilemmas.  In each case, he
    presented a choice to be considered, for example,
    between the rights of some authority and the needs of
    some deserving individual who is being unfairly treated.
    Level 1 - Pre-conventional morality

     At the pre-conventional level (most nine-year-olds


    and younger, some over nine), we don’t have a
    personal code of morality. Instead, our moral code
    is shaped by the standards of adults and the
    consequences of following or breaking their rules.

     Authority is outside the individual and reasoning is


    based on the physical consequences of actions.
    Level 1 - Pre-conventional morality

    Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation.


    The child/individual is good in order to avoid being
    punished. If a person is punished, they must have
    done wrong.

    Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange.


    At this stage, children recognize that there is not just
    one right view that is handed down by the authorities.
    Different individuals have different viewpoints.
    Level 2 - Conventional morality
    At the conventional level (most adolescents and
    adults), we begin to internalize the moral standards
    of valued adult role models.

     Authority is internalized but not questioned, and


    reasoning is based on the norms of the group to
    which the person belongs.
    Level 2 - Conventional morality
    Stage 3. Good Interpersonal Relationships.
    The child/individual is good in order to be seen as
    being a good person by others. Therefore, answers
    relate to the approval of others.
    Stage 4. Maintaining the Social Order.
    The child/individual becomes aware of the wider
    rules of society, so judgments concern obeying the
    rules in order to uphold the law and to avoid guilt.
    Level 3 - Post-conventional morality

     Individual judgment is based on self-chosen principles,


    and moral reasoning is based on individual rights and
    justice. According to Kohlberg this level of moral
    reasoning is as far as most people get.

     Only 10-15% are capable of the kind of abstract


    thinking necessary for stage 5 or 6 (post-conventional
    morality). That is to say, most people take their moral
    views from those around them and only a minority
    think through ethical principles for themselves.
    Level 3 - Post-conventional morality

    Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights.


    The child/individual becomes aware that while rules/laws might exist for the good
    of the greatest number, there are times when they will work against the interest of
    particular individuals. 
    The issues are not always clear-cut. For example, in Heinz’s dilemma, the
    protection of life is more important than breaking the law against stealing.

    Stage 6. Universal Principles.


    People at this stage have developed their own set of moral guidelines which may
    or may not fit the law. The principles apply to everyone.
    E.g., human rights, justice, and equality. The person will be prepared to act to
    defend these principles even if it means going against the rest of society in the
    process and having to pay the consequences of disapproval and or imprisonment.
    Kohlberg doubted few people reached this stage.
     Sources
    Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development By Saul McLeod,
    updated 2013
    https://www.simplypsychology.org/kohlberg.html

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