Lab 4

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Lab 4

Chemical Reaction
Chemical reaction:

Chemical change producing new substances

ex. 2 CO(g) + O2 (g) 2 CO2 (g)

Before reaction; CO(g) and O2 (g) are reactants


After reaction; CO2 (g) is products of reaction
How to write chemical equation?

- Express number of all atoms related in the reaction


- Number of atom of each element in the molecule before = after the reaction
(net ionic reactions, the same charge must be present on both sides)
- Balancing chemical equation: Generally, it is best to balance the most complicated molecule
first. Hydrogen and oxygen are usually balanced last.
- Adding number or coefficient expressing mole of compound related in chemical equation

2.. CO(g) + 1..O2 (g) 2… CO2 (g)

2.. KClO3 2… KCl + …3… O2 (g)


Type of chemical reaction
1. Base on the position of atom in the reaction
1.1 Addition reaction or combination reaction

2.H2 + 1O2 …2. H2O


a reaction in which two or more substances
combine to form a single new substance
2 Na + Cl2 ..2. NaCl

4. Al + 3. O2 2..Al2O3
1.2 Simple decomposition reaction

2. KClO3 2 KCl + …3. O2


a reaction in which a compound breaks
down into two or more simpler substances
1..CaCO3 1.CaO + 1CO2

1.3 Simple replacement reaction

Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
a reaction in which one element replaces
a similar element in a compound
Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2
1.4 Double replacement reaction

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O a reaction in which the positive and negative
ions of two ionic compounds exchange
places to form two new compounds

NaCl + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCl

2. Base on the changing of oxidation number


2.1 Non-redox reaction (no change in oxidation number)

+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
NaCl + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCl
2.2 Redox reaction (oxidation number change after reaction)
divided to 2 half reactions as

2.2.1 Oxidation reaction (oxidation number increase)

A0 A 1+ + e - A = electron donator

2.2.2 Reduction reaction (oxidation number decrease)

X0+ e- X1- X = electron acceptor

A+ X AX = redox reaction
A+ X AX = redox reaction

X oxidise A to be A1+, then, X is Oxidising agent


and A reduce X to be X1- , then, A is Reducing agent
Cu2+ + 2e Cu 0
reduction

Zn 0 (s) + Cu 2+ (aq) Zn 2+ (aq) + Cu 0 (s)

oxidation
Zn 0 Zn2+ + 2e
Cu2+ (aq) = Oxidising agent
Zn (s) = Reducing agent
Table 4.1 The standard reduction potentials
˜ µ¦ µŠš Ȩ́4.1­ —Š‡nµ«´„¥ År ¢ ¢ oµ¤ µ˜¦ “µœ…° Šž’„
· ¦· ·¥ µ¦ ¸—„œ…
´ ´ ° Š­ µ¦ µŠœ—-
·

Half reaction E(V) Strong reducing


Mg2+(aq) + - 2e Mg(s) -2.37
Zn2+(aq) + - 2e ( Zn s) -0.76
Fe2+(aq) + - 2e ( Fe s) -0.44
Pb2+(aq) + - 2e ( Pb s) -0.13
2H+(aq) + - 2e ( H2 s) 0.00
Cu2+(aq) + - 2e ( Cu s) +0.34
3+ 2
Strong Oxidising
Fe (aq) + - 2e + Fe (s) +0.77
Experimental
Part 1: Study of the reaction type based on atom position
1. Hold Mg sheet (about 4 cm) Burn Observe and record

2. Add 0.5 M Na2CO3 1 ml in test tube Slowly drop 0.5 M BaCl2 for 1 ml Observe and record

3. Add 0.5M Cu(OH)2 5 ml in beaker Heat for 5 min Observe and record

4. Put Zn sheet in 0.5M CuSO4 5 ml in test tube Stand for a while Observe and record
Part 2: Study of redox reaction
Add 0.5M CuSO4 5 ml in each 3 test tubes Drop Cu, Mg and Fe sheet in each test tube

Change 0.5M CuSO4 to MgSO4 and FeSO4 and Observe and record
repeat the experiment

Cu (s) Mg (s) Fe (s) Cu (s) Mg (s) Fe (s)


CuSO4 5 ml CuSO4 5 ml CuSO4 5 ml MgSO4 5 ml MgSO4 5 ml MgSO4 5 ml
decompose

Mg0  Mg2++2e Cu (s) Mg (s) Fe (s)


FeSO4 5 ml FeSO4 5 ml FeSO4 5 ml

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