INTRODUCTION TO GRID &

CLOUD COMPUTING
U. Jhashuva1
Asst. Professor
Dept. of CSE
 TOPICS
• Grid Computing
– Definition
– Characteristics
– Architecture
– Services
– Applications
• Cloud Computing
– Architecture
– Services
– Applications
• Grid vs. Cloud
 GRID COMPUTING
Definition:
A grid computing is a computing environment
where sharing of computing power, may be
computing cycle, resources, and storage is taken
place to accomplish the task efficiently and
quickly
 GRID COMPUTING
Grid Information Service
Grid Resource Broker

R2 database Application
R3 R4

R5 RN
Resource Broker
R6
R1
Resource Broker

Grid Information Service

Figure : A Bird view of global grid (from Rajkumar buyya presentation)

 GRID COMPUTING
Characteristics:
• Large Scale :
– A grid is able to deal with any number of resources
(either system or memory). It can range from few
to millions.
• Global Distribution:
– Grid computing resources can be in any location in
the global.

Cont..
 GRID COMPUTING
• Loosely Coupled:
– Main characteristics of grid computing is loosely
coupled architecture.
• Distributed Job Management:
– It has the characteristics to split the job for various
resources or computers to avoid the work pending
in the queue for long time.

Cont..
 GRID COMPUTING
• Consistent Access:
– A grid is designed in such a way to give the
consistent data and also other resources accessing
ability.
• Resource Coordination:
– Resources in a grid must be coordinated in such a
way to provide cluster computing capabilities.

Cont..
 GRID COMPUTING
• Dependable Access:
– A grid should assume the quality of service
standards in order to provide an assure way of
sharing the resources for the requested user
• Transparent Access:
– A grid has a capability to see as a single virtual
computer even it has multiple resources across the
global

Cont..
 GRID COMPUTING
• On-Demand Computing:
• It provides an efficient way to access the resources
that cannot be cost effectively or conveniently
located in local area
• Heterogeneity :
– A grid can host both hardware and software that
can be varied in data, sensors, devices, networks
and so on.
 GRID COMPUTING
Grid applications

Adaptive Management
User level Web Portals, Applications,

Autonomic/ Grid Economy

Grid programming environment and tools
Languages, API, libraries, compilers, parallelization tools
User-Level Application Development and
Middleware Deployment Environment
Resource management and scheduling

Job submission, info services, Storage access, Trading, Accounting,

License
Core Distributed Resources
Middleware Coupling Services
Security Services
Authentication, Single sign-on, secure communication

Grid resources
System level Desktops, servers, clusters, networks, applications, storage, devices +
resource manager + monitor
 GRID COMPUTING
Requirements:
• Step 1:
– The integration of individual s/w & h/w
components into a combined networked resource
(single system image cluster).
• Step 2:
– Low-level middleware to provide a secure and
uniform access to services provided by different
resources.
Cont…
 GRID COMPUTING
• Step 3:
– User-level middleware to support application
development and aggregation of distributed
resources.
• Step 4:
– The construction of Grid applications and Web
portals.
 GRID COMPUTING
Categories of Grid Computing:
 GRID COMPUTING
• Computational Grid:
– provides a secure way of accessing the resources
from a huge collection (pool). This kind of grid is
much useful for high throughput applications and
computation intensive computing.
• Collaboration Grid:
– with the popularity of Internet, there is a huge
demand for better collaboration. Using the grid,
advance collaboration is possible.
Cont.…
 GRID COMPUTING
• Utility Grid:
– is not limited for sharing data and computation cycles
but also software and resources can be shared. It
provides main services like sharing Software and
other special equipment.
• Network Grid:
– Provides fault-tolerant and high performance
communication services. During communication
each grid node act as a data router between two
communication points.
Cont.…
 GRID COMPUTING
• Data Grid:
– provides an environment to support data discovery,
data storage, data handling, data publication and
data manipulation. It is stored in different types of
databases and file systems.
 CLOUD COMPUTING
Definition:
A cloud is a type of parallel and distributed
system consisting of a collection of
interconnected and virtualized computers that are
dynamically provisioned and presented as one or
more unified computing resources based on
service-level agreements established through
negotiation between the service provider and
consumers.
 CLOUD COMPUTING
Characteristics:
• No up-front commitments
• On-demand access
• Nice pricing
• Simplified application acceleration and scalability
• Efficient resource allocation
• Energy efficiency
• Seamless creation and use of third-party services
 CLOUD COMPUTING

Fig : Cloud Computing Architecture (from mastering cloud computing

text book)
 GRID Vs. CLOUD
• Business Models:
– While in Grid business models are usually based
on bilateral agreements between academic
institutions, provision of resource in Clouds
requires more differentiated business models.
• Resource Management:
– While Grids rely on batch systems, utilization of
virtualization technologies represents the resource
management solution for the Clouds.
 GRID Vs. CLOUD
• Resource Provision Models:
– Grid resource provisioning models are based on
virtual organisations where the relationships are
established offline. In Clouds usage of SLAs,
compliance, and trust management is essential.
 GRID Vs. CLOUD
• Resource Availability:
– In Grids resource sharing relies on the best effort
manner, sometimes resources are not available and
sometimes there are plenty of resources which are
idle. Clouds rely on massive elasticity in Clouds.
Challenging issues in Clouds are to find the
balance between wasting resources due to the
virtualization overhead and standby modes of
devices on the one hand, and pooling of resources
to facilitate efficient consumption of resources and
reducing energy consumption on the other.
Thank you
ANY QURIES ?
 REFRENCES
1. http://
www.csi-india.org/digital_magazine/Novemb
er/Nov.html
2. Mastering in Cloud Computing
1. Rajkumar Buyya , Christian Vecchiola , S.
Thamarai Selvi
3. Grid vs Cloud – A Technology Comparison
1. Ivona Brandic, Schahram Dustdar, Vienna
University of Technology