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    Emf 2408

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    Pradeepa M
    This document discusses electromagnetic fields and Faraday's law of induction. It introduces static and dynamic electromagnetic fields. Faraday's law states that a time-varying magnetic field produces an induced electromotive force (emf) in a closed circuit. The direction of the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux according to Lenz's law. Electromagnetic induction can occur through a stationary loop in a time-varying magnetic field, a moving loop in a static field, or a combination of the two, and is the operating principle of transformers, motors, and generators.

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    Emf 2408

    Uploaded by

    Pradeepa M
    19 views11 pages
    This document discusses electromagnetic fields and Faraday's law of induction. It introduces static and dynamic electromagnetic fields. Faraday's law states that a time-varying magnetic field produces an induced electromotive force (emf) in a closed circuit. The direction of the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux according to Lenz's law. Electromagnetic induction can occur through a stationary loop in a time-varying magnetic field, a moving loop in a static field, or a combination of the two, and is the operating principle of transformers, motors, and generators.

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    EMF_2408

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    This document discusses electromagnetic fields and Faraday's law of induction. It introduces static and dynamic electromagnetic fields. Faraday's law states that a time-varying magnetic field produces an induced electromotive force (emf) in a closed circuit. The direction of the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux according to Lenz's law. Electromagnetic induction can occur through a stationary loop in a time-varying magnetic field, a moving loop in a static field, or a combination of the two, and is the operating principle of transformers, motors, and generators.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views11 pages

    Emf 2408

    Uploaded by

    Pradeepa M
    This document discusses electromagnetic fields and Faraday's law of induction. It introduces static and dynamic electromagnetic fields. Faraday's law states that a time-varying magnetic field produces an induced electromotive force (emf) in a closed circuit. The direction of the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux according to Lenz's law. Electromagnetic induction can occur through a stationary loop in a time-varying magnetic field, a moving loop in a static field, or a combination of the two, and is the operating principle of transformers, motors, and generators.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 11

    Electromagnetic Fields

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    INTRODUCTION
    • Static EM fields - electric and magnetic fields are independent of each other.
    • Dynamic EM fields - the two fields are interdependent.

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    FARADAY'S LAW

    • Static magnetic field - produces no current flow


    • Time-varying field - produces an induced voltage (electromotive force or simply emf) in a closed
    circuit, which causes a flow of current.

    Flux Linkage
    N - number of turns in the circuit,
    - flux through each turn
    -ve sign - induced voltage acts in such a way as
    to oppose the flux producing it Lenz's law

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    FARADAY'S LAW Cont…

    • Lenz's law - direction of current flow in the circuit is such that the
    induced magnetic field produced by the induced current will oppose
    the original magnetic field.
    • Electric fields - caused by electric charges
    • Flux lines - begin and end on the charges.
    • Other kinds of electric fields - not directly caused by electric charges emf-
    .
    produced fields
    • Sources of emf include - electric generators, batteries, thermocouples,
    fuel cells, and photovoltaic cells, which all convert nonelectrical
    energy into electrical energy

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    Electric Circuit - battery is a source of EMF
    Electrochemical action of battery – results in emf produced field
    Accumulation of charges at battery terminals m – results in
    Electrostatic field

    Note

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    TRANSFORMER AND MOTIONAL EMFs

    • How?
    • Faraday's law links electric and magnetic fields.
    • For a circuit with a single turn (N = 1)

    Time varying situation

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    TRANSFORMER AND MOTIONAL EMFs cont….

    • The variation of flux with time may be caused in three ways:

    • By having a stationary loop in a time-varying B field


    • By having a time-varying loop area in a static B field
    • By having a time-varying loop area in a time-varying B field.

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    (A) Stationary loop in a time-varying B field
    (transformer emf)
    • stationary conducting loop is in a time-varying magnetic B field.

    Induced emf due to a stationary loop in a time-varying B field.

    emf induced - by the time-varying current (producing the time-varying B field) in a stationary
    loop - transformer emf in power analysis since it is due to transformer action.

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    (A) Stationary loop in a time-varying B field
    (transformer emf)
    • By applying Stokes's theorem

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    Moving Loop in Static B Field (Motional emf)

    • When a conducting loop is moving in a static B field, an emf is


    induced in the loop.
    • Force on a charge moving with uniform velocity u in a magnetic field
    B is

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
    Moving Loop in Static B Field (Motional emf)

    • Consider a conducting loop - moving with uniform velocity u


    (consisting of a large number of free electrons) - emf induced in the
    loop is

    This type of emf is called motional emf or flux-cutting emf because it is due to
    motional action. This type of emf found in electrical machines such as motors,
    generators, and alternators.

    SRI SHAKTHI
    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

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