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Relations and Functions

The document is from a math textbook about relations and functions. It includes examples of expressing relations as tables, graphs and mapping diagrams. It defines the domain as the set of first coordinates (x-values) and the range as the set of second coordinates (y-values). It explains that a function is a special type of relation where each domain value is paired with exactly one range value.

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Alice Marie Crispe
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110 views23 pages

Relations and Functions

The document is from a math textbook about relations and functions. It includes examples of expressing relations as tables, graphs and mapping diagrams. It defines the domain as the set of first coordinates (x-values) and the range as the set of second coordinates (y-values). It explains that a function is a special type of relation where each domain value is paired with exactly one range value.

Uploaded by

Alice Marie Crispe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4-2

4-2 Relations
Relationsand
andFunctions
Functions

Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz

Holt
HoltAlgebra 1 Algebra
McDougal
McDougal Algebra11
4-2 Relations and Functions

Warm Up
Generate ordered pairs for the function
y = x + 3 for x = –2, –1, 0, 1, and 2. Graph
the ordered pairs.
(–2, 1)
(–1, 2)
(0, 3)
(1, 4)
(2, 5)

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions

Objectives
Identify functions.
Find the domain and range of relations and
functions.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions

Vocabulary
relation
domain
range
function

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions

In Lesson 4-1 you saw relationships


represented by graphs. Relationships can also
be represented by a set of ordered pairs called
a relation.
In the scoring systems of some track meets, for
first place you get 5 points, for second place you
get 3 points, for third place you get 2 points, and
for fourth place you get 1 point. This scoring
system is a relation, so it can be shown by
ordered pairs. {(1, 5), (2, 3), (3, 2) (4, 1)}. You
can also show relations in other ways, such as
tables, graphs, or mapping diagrams.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Example 1: Showing Multiple Representations of
Relations
Express the relation {(2, 3), (4, 7), (6, 8)} as a
table, as a graph, and as a mapping diagram.

Table
x y
Write all x-values under “x” and all
2 3 y-values under “y”.
4 7

6 8

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Example 1 Continued

Express the relation {(2, 3), (4, 7), (6, 8)} as a


table, as a graph, and as a mapping diagram.
Graph

Use the x- and y-values to


plot the ordered pairs.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Example 1 Continued

Express the relation {(2, 3), (4, 7), (6, 8)} as a


table, as a graph, and as a mapping diagram.
Mapping Diagram

x y Write all x-values under “x” and


all y-values under “y”. Draw an
2 3 arrow from each x-value to its
corresponding y-value.
4 7

6 8

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Check It Out! Example 1
Express the relation {(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5)} as a
table, as a graph, and as a mapping diagram.
Table

x y

1 3 Write all x-values under “x” and all


y-values under “y”.
2 4

3 5

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Check It Out! Example 1 Continued
Express the relation {(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5)} as a
table, as a graph, and as a mapping diagram.

Graph

Use the x- and y-values to


plot the ordered pairs.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Check It Out! Example 1 Continued
Express the relation {(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5)} as a
table, as a graph, and as a mapping diagram.

Mapping Diagram
x y

1 3 Write all x-values under “x” and


all y-values under “y”. Draw an
2 4 arrow from each x-value to its
corresponding y-value.
3 5

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions

The domain of a relation is the set of first


coordinates (or x-values) of the ordered
pairs. The range of a relation is the set of
second coordinates (or y-values) of the
ordered pairs. The domain of the track meet
scoring system is {1, 2, 3, 4}. The range is
{5, 3, 2, 1}.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Example 2: Finding the Domain and Range of a
Relation
Give the domain and range of the relation.

The domain value is all x-values


from 1 through 5, inclusive.

The range value is all y-values


from 3 through 4, inclusive.

Domain: 1 ≤ x ≤ 5
Range: 3 ≤ y ≤ 4

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Check It Out! Example 2a
Give the domain and range of the relation.

6
The domain values are all
–4
5 x-values 1, 2, 5 and 6.
–1
2 The range values are
0 y-values 0, –1 and –4.
1

Domain: {6, 5, 2, 1}
Range: {–4, –1, 0}

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Check It Out! Example 2b

Give the domain and range of the relation.

x y
The domain values are all
1 1 x-values 1, 4, and 8.

4 4 The range values are


y-values 1 and 4.
8 1

Domain: {1, 4, 8}
Range: {1, 4}
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
4-2 Relations and Functions

A function is a special type of relation


that pairs each domain value with exactly
one range value.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Example 3A: Identifying Functions
Give the domain and range of the relation. Tell
whether the relation is a function. Explain.

{(3, –2), (5, –1), (4, 0), (3, 1)}

D: {3, 5, 4} Even though 3 is in the domain twice,


it is written only once when you are
R: {–2, –1, 0, 1} giving the domain.

The relation is not a function. Each domain value


does not have exactly one range value. The domain
value 3 is paired with the range values –2 and 1.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions
Example 3B: Identifying Functions
Give the domain and range of the relation. Tell
whether the relation is a function. Explain.

–4
2 Use the arrows to determine
–8 which domain values correspond
1 to each range value.
4
5

D: {–4, –8, 4, 5} R: {2, 1}

This relation is a function. Each domain value is


paired with exactly one range value.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
4-2 Relations and Functions
Example 3C: Identifying Functions
Give the domain and range of the relation. Tell
whether the relation is a function. Explain.

Draw lines to

Range
see the domain
and range
values.
Domain
D: –5 ≤ x ≤ 3 R: –2 ≤ y ≤ 1

The relation is not a function. Nearly all domain


values have more than one range value.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
4-2 Relations and Functions
Check It Out! Example 3
Give the domain and range of each relation. Tell
whether the relation is a function and explain.
a. {(8, 2), (–4, 1), b.
(–6, 2),(1, 9)}

D: {–6, –4, 1, 8}
R: {1, 2, 9}

The relation is a D: {2, 3, 4}


function. Each domain R: {–5, –4, –3}
value is paired with The relation is not a
exactly one range function. The domain
value. value 2 is paired with bot
–5 and –4.
Holt McDougal Algebra 1
4-2 Relations and Functions

Lesson Quiz: Part I


1. Express the relation {(–2, 5), (–1, 4), (1, 3),
(2, 4)} as a table, as a graph, and as a
mapping diagram.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions

Lesson Quiz: Part II


2. Give the domain and range of the relation.

D: –3 ≤ x ≤ 2: R: –2 ≤ y ≤ 4

Holt McDougal Algebra 1


4-2 Relations and Functions

Lesson Quiz: Part III


3. Give the domain and range of the
relation. Tell whether the relation is a
function. Explain.

D: {5, 10, 15};


R: {2, 4, 6, 8};
The relation is not a
function since 5 is paired
with 2 and 4.

Holt McDougal Algebra 1

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