Practical For NDT (RI) : by Untung Budi
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Yoga KjPractical For NDT (RI) : by Untung Budi
Uploaded by
Yoga KjPractical for NDT
(RI)
By Untung Budi
Testing of Weld
A DT Destructive Test
B NDT ( Non Destructive Test)
– Visual
– PT ( penetrant Test)
– MPI (Magnetic Particle Test)
– UT( Ultrasonic Test) advances call Phased Array UT
– RT(Radiographic Test)
RT
– X Tray
– Gama Ray
– Iridium 192(75 day)
– Caesium 137(30 year)
– Radium 226(1600year)
– Thuium 170+(130 day)
– Chobal Co 60(5.3Year)
X - Rays Gamma Rays
Electrically generated Generated by the
decay of unstable
atoms
Source
Radiation beam Image quality indicator
10fe16
Radiographic film Test specimen
Density - relates to the
degree of darkness
Contrast - relates to the degree of difference
Definition - relates to the degree of sharpness
Sensitivity - relates to the overall quality of the
radiograph
7FE12
Step / Hole type IQI Wire type IQI
Single Wall Single Image (SWSI)
- film inside, source outside
Single Wall Single Image (SWSI) panoramic
- film outside, source inside (internal exposure)
Double Wall Single Image (DWSI)
- film outside, source outside (external exposure)
Double Wall Double Image (DWDI)
- film outside, source outside (elliptical exposure)
– As per table gamma exposure chart
T
T :Time exposure
EF :Exposure Factor
D(sfd) :Distance Source to film
I : Curie
Example:
If you had a 50 curie source of IR-192 and were going to
radiograph 2 inch steel with source to film distance 20
inch ,what will be the exposure time that would give a
density 2 ?
T
–
T
T minutes
Advantages
- Permanent record
- Little surface preparation
- Defect identification
- No material type limitation
- Not so reliant upon operator skill
-Thin materials
*Expensive consumables
Disadvantages
*Bulky equipment
*Harmful radiation
*Defect require significant depth in relation to the radiation beam
*Slow results
*Very little indication of depths
*Access to both sides required
Preparation For Interpretation of Film
radiographic
– Procedure To be used is approved
– Equipment tool to be verification / calibrated
– Densitometer
– Step-wedge
– Viewer ( 30~300 cd/M2)
– Clear Ruler ( plastic )
– Pencil mark
Reference BS 2600P1
– Type film as per Procedure
– Defect Film if any
– Fogging
– Process Defect( water mark, chemical Stains)
– Scratch , finger mark crimps
– False indications
– IQI (Image Quality Indicator)
– Density of radiograph
– Identification
Standard and Code to be Used
– ASME V Nondestructive Examination article 2
– ASME IX Welding, Brazing and Fusing Qualification
– AWSD1.1 Structural Welding Code Steel
– ASME 31.1 Power Piping 136 4.5
– ASME 31.3 Process Piping Table 341.3.2
– API 1104 Welding of Pipeline and Related facilities para
9.3
Thank You