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MICROSOFT
EXCEL
The History of Microsoft Excel
The Most Powerful, Customizable, and Widely Used
Business Solution.
Microsoft Excel has been around since 1982, first
introduced as Multiplan, a very popular CP/M (Control
Program for Microcomputers), but lost popularity on MS-
DOS systems to Lotus 1-2-3. In 1987, Microsoft
introduced Excel v2.0 for Windows and by 1988 began to
outsell Lotus 1-2-3 and the emerging QuatroPro. In 1993,
Microsoft released Excel v5.0 for Windows which
included VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), aka
Macros. This opened up almost unlimited possibilities in
automation of repetitive tasks for crunching numbers,
process automation, and presenting data for businesses.
There have been 29 different
versions of Excel, stretching
from 1985 to the present day.
These days most users today
will have Excel 2016, 2019 or
365. Each version of Excel has
been significantly different to
the last.
Microsoft developed a competing spreadsheet, and
the first version of Excel was released in 1985 for
Apple Inc.'s Macintosh computer.
Charles Simonyi is a Hungarian-born American
software architect. He started and led Microsoft's
applications group, where he built the first versions
of Microsoft Office suite of applications. He co-
founded and led Intentional Software, with the aim of
developing and marketing his concept of intentional
programming.
Charles Simonyi
Advantages of Excel
Easy and effective comparisons
Powerful analysis of large amounts of data
Working Together
Microsoft Excel Mobile & iPad Apps
Disadvantages of Microsoft
Excel
Not easy to share

Non relational
Scalability
Customizable Graphs
Overview
Excel is a spreadsheet, a grid made from columns and
rows. It is a software program that can make number
manipulation easy and somewhat painless.
The nice thing about using a computer and

spreadsheet is that you can experiment with numbers
without having to RE-DO all the calculations.
Introduction to Spreadsheets
A spreadsheet is a grid of rows and columns in

which you enter text, numbers, and the results of
calculations.
In Excel, a computerized spreadsheet is called a
worksheet. The file used to store worksheets is
called a workbook.
1313
Basics of a Spreadsheet
Spreadsheets are made up of
Columns
Rows
and their intersections are called cells
What is a COLUMN ?
In a spreadsheet the COLUMN labeled D is
COLUMN is defined as highlighted.
the vertical space that is
going up and down the
window. Letters are
used to designate each
COLUMN'S location.
What is a row?
In a spreadsheet the ROW labeled 4 is
ROW is defined as the highlighted.
horizontal space that is
going across the window.
Numbers are used to
designate each ROW'S
location.
What is a CELL ?
A CELL is the space In the above diagram the
where a row and column CELL labeled C2 is
intersect. Each CELL is highlighted.
assigned a name
according to its
COLUMN letter and
ROW number.
Types of data
In each cell there may be the following data types:
Labels -- (text with no numerical value)
Number data (constant values)
Formulas (mathematical equation used to calculate)
Data Types Examples Descriptions

Name or Wage or anything that is
LABEL Days just text
CONSTANT 5 or 3.75 or -7.4 any number
FORMULA =5+3 or = 8*5+3 math equation
Labels
Labels are text entries
Labels help identify what we are talking
about
Labels do not have a value associated with
them
Sometimes called ‘headers’
Constants
Constants are FIXED
number data
Constants may refer to
dollars, percentages, or
number of items (in this
case number of hours
worked within a certain
pay period).
Formulas
Formulas are math equations
that CALCULATE a value to be
displayed.
DO NOT type in the numbers;
type in the equation.
It is BEST to Reference as
much data as possible as
opposed to typing data into
equations. That way when
OTHER information changes,
we DO-NOT have to change
the equations or type in
information again.
Basic Formulas &
Functions
= is used to start a formula

Basic Math Functions
Math functions built into them. Of the most basic
operations are the standard multiply, divide, add and
subtract.
Parenthesis =(A1+B1) 10
Exponential =(A1^B1) 3125
Basic Functions in Excel
Sum: will add all the values of cells in the argument
Average: will get the average of all the values of cells in
the argument
Counts the number of cells with numerical data in the
argument
Max: gets the highest cell value include in the
argument
Min: gets the lowest cell value in the argument
If condition
=SUM(A1:A5)
Equal
Function name Argument
sign
SUM Function
Definition: Tips:
Probably the most popular Blank cells will return a value
function in any spreadsheet is of zero to be added to the
the SUM function. The Sum total.
function takes all of the Text cells can not be added to
values in each of the specified a number and will produce an
cells and totals their values. error.
The syntax is: =SUM(first
value, second value, etc)
Sum function
Average Function
The average function
finds the average of the
specified data.
(Simplifies adding all of
the indicated cells
together and dividing by
the total number of
cells.)
=AVERAGE(B2:F2)
Max & Min Functions
The Max function will return the largest
(max) value in the selected range of cells.
The Min function will display the smallest
value in a selected set of cells.
=MAX(B2:B3)
Count Function
The Count function will return the number of entries (actually
counts each cell that contains NUMBER DATA) in the selected
range of cells.
Remember: cell that are blank or contain text will not be
counted.
=COUNT(A1:E13)
IF Function
Definition: Tips:
The IF function will check the Until you are used to writing
logical condition of a them, test them out on
statement and return one multiple cells.
value if true and a different There are multiple ways to
value if false. write an IF statement to get
The syntax is: the same result
=IF (condition, value-if-true,
value-if-false)
IF Function
IF Functions are like
programing - they provide
multiple answers based on
certain conditions.
=IF(H2>19.9,”PASSED”,”FAILED”)
Common Errors
 The following are some errors that may appear in a spreadsheet (there are
others too).
 #######
 Cell is too narrow to display the results of the formula. To fix this simply make the column
wider and the “real” value will be displayed instead of the ###### signs. Note that even when
the ###### signs are being displayed, Excel still uses the “real” value to calculate formulas
that reference this cell.
 #NAME?
 You used a cell reference in the formula that is not formed correctly (e.g. =BB+10 instead of
=B3+10)
 #VALUE!
 Usually the result of trying to do math with a textual value. Example: =A1*3 where A1 contains
the word “hello”
 #DIV/0!
 Trying to divide by zero. Example: =3/A1 where A1 contains 0 (zero)
 Circular Reference
 Using a formula that contains a reference to the cell that the formula “lives in”. Example:
putting the formula =A1+1 in cell A1 or putting the formula =SUM(A1:B2) in any of the cells
A1, B1, A2, B2
33
Useful Features
Excel 2010
Instantly reveal formulas and general number format of all cells
Show all formulas and the general number

format of cells
Saves you time because you don’t have to
move the cell pointer to check each formula
one-by-one.
Keyboard short cut to
Instantly reveal formulas
To do this, just press the

Ctrl key and the tilde key
at the same time. The
tilde is the squiggly line
that is directly above the
tab key in the upper left
corner of your keyboard.
To change your worksheet
back to the normal view,
just press the Ctrl and
tilde keys again.
Sorting
Arranging data so it’s easy to analyze
You can sort the data alphabetically, from highest to
lowest, or by a number of additional criteria (such as
cell color)

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MICROSOFT

Not easy to share

The nice thing about using a computer and

A spreadsheet is a grid of rows and columns in

Data Types Examples Descriptions

= is used to start a formula

Show all formulas and the general number

To do this, just press the

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