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    Ecs478 Chapter 2-Torsion

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    muhammad nuruddin che ab malik
    This document discusses the design of torsion reinforcement in concrete beams. It begins by defining the two types of torsion - equilibrium torsion and compatibility torsion. Equilibrium torsion depends on statics alone, while compatibility torsion depends on the torsional stiffness of the member. The document then provides learning outcomes on torsional design, introduces concepts like torsional moment and shear stresses, and describes the Eurocode design procedure for torsion. Finally, it includes two examples of designing torsion reinforcement for a flanged beam section, showing calculations for torsional moment, equivalent hollow box section properties, and reinforcement requirements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ecs478 Chapter 2-Torsion

    Uploaded by

    muhammad nuruddin che ab malik
    112 views27 pages
    This document discusses the design of torsion reinforcement in concrete beams. It begins by defining the two types of torsion - equilibrium torsion and compatibility torsion. Equilibrium torsion depends on statics alone, while compatibility torsion depends on the torsional stiffness of the member. The document then provides learning outcomes on torsional design, introduces concepts like torsional moment and shear stresses, and describes the Eurocode design procedure for torsion. Finally, it includes two examples of designing torsion reinforcement for a flanged beam section, showing calculations for torsional moment, equivalent hollow box section properties, and reinforcement requirements.

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    This document discusses the design of torsion reinforcement in concrete beams. It begins by defining the two types of torsion - equilibrium torsion and compatibility torsion. Equilibrium torsion depends on statics alone, while compatibility torsion depends on the torsional stiffness of the member. The document then provides learning outcomes on torsional design, introduces concepts like torsional moment and shear stresses, and describes the Eurocode design procedure for torsion. Finally, it includes two examples of designing torsion reinforcement for a flanged beam section, showing calculations for torsional moment, equivalent hollow box section properties, and reinforcement requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    112 views27 pages

    Ecs478 Chapter 2-Torsion

    Uploaded by

    muhammad nuruddin che ab malik
    This document discusses the design of torsion reinforcement in concrete beams. It begins by defining the two types of torsion - equilibrium torsion and compatibility torsion. Equilibrium torsion depends on statics alone, while compatibility torsion depends on the torsional stiffness of the member. The document then provides learning outcomes on torsional design, introduces concepts like torsional moment and shear stresses, and describes the Eurocode design procedure for torsion. Finally, it includes two examples of designing torsion reinforcement for a flanged beam section, showing calculations for torsional moment, equivalent hollow box section properties, and reinforcement requirements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :

    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    ECS 478
    REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

    Chapter 2:
    REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
    DESIGN & DETAILING
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsion
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – continuous beam design

    LEARNING
    LEARNING OUTCOME
    OUTCOME (WEEK
    (WEEK 6):
    6):
    By completing this chapter, students shall be able to:
    1.0 Determine torsional moment and torsional shear
    stress in beam.
    2.0 Design a torsional reinforcement and link for
    rectangular and flanged section.
    Introduction

    Its can be classified into two types:-

    1.0 Equilibrium Torsion


    2.0 Compatibility Torsion
    Equilibrium torsion
    • This is associated with the twisting moments that are developed in
    a structural member to maintain static equilibrium with the
    external load and are independent of the torsional stiffness of the
    member.
    • The magnitude of the twisting moment does not depend on the
    torsional stiffness of the member and is entirely determinable from
    statics alone.
    • Typically equilibrium torsion is induced in beams supporting
    lateral overhang projections, and is caused by the eccentricity in
    the loading.
    • The member has to be designed for the full torsion, which is
    transmitted by the member to the support.
    Equilibrium torsion.
    Cantilever roof

    T/2 Tosional Moment = T

    Beam subjected
    equilibrium torsion

    T/2

    (b) Freebody of beam


    (a) beam supporting lateral overhang
    Compatibility Torsion
    • This is given to the type of torsion induced in a
    structural member by rotations(twist) applied at one
    or more point along the length of the member.
    • The twisting moment induced are directly dependent
    on the torsional stiffness of the member.
    • These moment are generally statically indeterminate
    and their analysis necessarily involve(rotational)
    compatibility condition. For example in the floor
    beam system below.
    Compatibility Torsion

    Figure 1: FLOOR SYSTEM

    FLOOR SYSTEM
    Analysis of the Torsional Moment
    Torque, TEd = W s x e
    2
    B
    Wb = Beam Load Ws (kN/m)

    A
    A B
    Both support restraint for torsion
    Ws = Slab Load
    TORSION (kN)

    Where e = distance from the shear center of the beam to centroid of the loading
    TEd = Torque (kNm)
    Ws = Total loading acting on the centriod of slab panel (kN)
    Occurrence torsion in building

    Perimeter
    B beam

    A A

    SECTION A-A

    1 2 3 4
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsion (Cl. 6.3) - Introduction


    1. Torsional moment produce shear stresses that result in principal
    tensile stresses inclined at approximately 450 to the longitudinal
    axis of the member. Diagonal cracking occurs when the tensile
    stresses exceed the tensile strength of the concrete. The
    cracks will form a spiral around the member.
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsion (Cl. 6.3)


    2. EC2 gives the principal and the equations for torsional design
    are developed from a structural model where it is assumed that
    the concrete beam in torsion behaves in a similar fashion to a
    thin walled box section.
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsion (Cl. 6.3)

    3. The applied torque (TEd) at the far end of the section produces
    a shear flow (q) around the perimeter of the box section at the
    near end of the diagram. The shear flow is the product of shear
    stress and the thickness of the hollow section.
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsional Reinforcement
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Design Procedure for Torsion


    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Design Procedure for Torsion


    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Design Procedure for Torsion


    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Design Procedure for Torsion


    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Design Procedure for Torsion


    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsion Design Example 1:


    Flanged Section
    A T beam shown in the below figure is subjected at ultimate to a
    vertical sagging moment of 292kNm, a mid span vertical shear of 25kN
    and torque of 17.5kNm. Design the longitudinal steel and links required
    at the section in mid span of the beam . The characteristic material
    strengths of concrete and steel are fck=30N/mm2 and fyk=500 N/mm2

    1600
    Assume,
    cover =25mm
    150
    Link dia = 12mm
    Bottom bar dia = 25mm (2 layers)

    500 d = 500-25-12-25= 438mm

    300
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsion Design Example 2: (con’t)


    Calculation Output
    Design the flexural/bending reinforcement, shear reinforcement as usual.
    Say the output from the above design is:
    Flexural Reinforcement
    As required = 1606mm2
    Shear Reinforcement
    VEd=330 kN, VRd,max=650kN, θ=22o with cotθ=2.5
    Asw/s = 0.49 (required)
    ΔFtd=356kN

    Solution:
    i.Determine torsion moment for flanged beam.

    1 150x1600 1 1 150x650

    2
    2 300x350 300x500

    Case I  Case II (selected)


      Kh3
    h
    min max   (0.33 150 (1600))  (0.17  300 (350))   Kh
    3 3 3
    h
    min max   (2  0.28 150 (650))  (0.21 300 (500))
    3 3

     3.389 109  4.063 109


    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsion Design Example 2: (con’t)


    Ref. Calculation Output
    i. Determine torsion moment for flanged beam. (con’t)

    Torsional Moment(Torque)
    For rib:
    Ti  TEdKi (hmin
    3

    hmax )i /  Khmin
    3
    hmax 
    TEd =17.5x0.21[3003x500)/4.063x109]=12.21 kNm

    For flange:

    Ted=17.5x0.28[1503x650)/4.063x109]=2.65 kNm

    design for critical rib only

    ii. Convert the rectangular to equivalent hollow box section

    For rib:

    Thickness, tef A/u=500 x 300/(2(500+300))=93.75 mm


    Ak=(b-t)(h-t)=(300-93.75)(500-93.75)=83,789 mm2
    uk=2(b+h-2t)= 2(300 + 500 – 2x93.75) = 1225 mm
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsion Design Example 2: (con’t)


    Ref. Calculation Output
    iii. Check if concrete section is adequate.

    v1  0.6(1  f ck / 250)  0.6(1  30 / 250)  0.528


    1.33  0.528  30  93.75  83,789  10 3
    TRd ,max 
    (2.5  0.4)
     57.1kNm
    TEd VEd 12.21 330
        0.21  0.51  0.72  1
    TRd ,max VRd ,max 57.1 650

    iv. Additional link reinforcement to resist torsion(for 1 leg) Concrete section is


    adequate

    Asw TEd 12.2110 6


       0.07
    s 2 Ak 0.87 f yk cot  2  83789  0.87  500  2.5 Cot = 1/tan
    v. Total area of link reinforcement(for 2 legs)

    Asw
     0.49  2  0.07  0.63
    s
    For 8 mm stirrups at 125 mm centres Asw/s=0.805
    s=125 < a) 1225/8=153 b) 0.75d =328 c) 300
    ECS 478 – Chapter 2 :
    Continuous Beam Design & Detailing – Torsion Design

    Torsion Design Example 2: (con’t)


    Ref. Calculation Output
    vi. Area of additional torsional reinforcement (main bar)
    TEd u k cot  12.21 106  1225)  2.5
    As1    513mm 2
    2 Ak 0.87 f y1k 2  83789  0.87  500

    This area is to be distributed equally around the perimeter. Provide


    six H12 bars(As=679mm2), one in each corner and one in each
    of the face sides
    vii. Arrangement of main reinforcement

    Total of longitudinal bars are 1606+513=2119 mm2


    Provide four H25(1960 mm2) + six H12 bars(As=679mm 2)

    2H12

    H8@125
    2H12

    4H25
    + 2H12

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