Ethics LAW Practice Reason: University of Mindanao

ETHICS
LAW 2
PRACTICE
REASON 0
UNIVERSITY OF 1
MINDANAO
Davao City, Philippines
7
OBJECTIVES:
1) To define and differentiate ethics, law and practice reason
2) To propose a good approach on policy study of practical
reasoning
3) To recognize practical reason versus ethics
ETHICS and LAW
“Do unto others as you would
have them do to you.”
DEFINITION
ETHICS LAW
- set of standards for behavior

- Is the system of rules of
- are the means for determining conduct established by a
what a society’s values ought government of a society to
to be maintain stability and justice
- sometimes conflated or
- Defines the legal rights and
confused with other ways of duties of the people
making choices
- Provides a means of enforcing
these rights and duties
WHAT SHOULD WE DO?
Deciding what one should do in business situations often requires reflection on

what the law requires, expects, or permits.
The law provides a very important guide to ethical decision making, and this text
will integrate legal considerations throughout.
GUIDEPOST FOR
DECISION
ETHICS:
MAKING.
1
Obedience to the law is sufficient to fulfill one’s ethical duties
begs the question of whether or not the law itself is ethical.
• ethical responsibility may run counter to the law
•you do not forgo your ethical responsibilities by a blind

obedience to the law
•Examples:
- Some countries make child labor or sexual discrimination legal,
but businesses that choose to adopt such practices do not escape
ethical responsibility for doing so.
2
Societies that value individual freedom will be reluctant to legally
require more than just an ethical minimum.
* The law can be an efficient mechanism to prevent

serious harms, but it is not very effective at
promoting goods.
3
Ethical responsibilities end with obedience to the law is
just inviting more and more legal regulation.
* The law can be an efficient mechanism to prevent

serious harms, but it is not very effective at
promoting goods.
*The failure of personal ethics among such companies led

to the creation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and
other legal reforms.
4
The law cannot possibly anticipate every new dilemma
businesses might face.
* there may no regulation for the particular dilemma

confronting a business leader
*one had no choice but to rely on the ethical decision-

making processes since the law might not yet—or might
never—provide a solution.
5
Compliance is enough relies on a misleading
understanding of law.
* all a business needs to do is obey the law suggests that

laws are clear-cut, unambiguous rules that can be
easily applied.
*If the law was clear and unambiguous, there wouldn’t

be much of a role for lawyers and courts.
ETHICS and PRACTICE
REASON
Personal Responsibility vs.
Social Responsibility?
There will be many times within a business setting where an individual will
need to step back and ask:
What should I do? How should I act?
This aspect of business ethics asks us to examine business institutions from

a social rather than an individual perspective.
We refer to this broader social aspect of ethics as decision-making for
social responsibility.
In essence, managerial decision-making will always involve both aspects of
ethics.
PRACTICAL REASON
Practical reason is the general human

capacity for resolving, through
reflection, the question of what one is to
do. Deliberation of this kind is practical
in at least two senses.
Practical reason defines a distinctive
standpoint of reflection.
Practical reason, by contrast, takes a

distinctively normative question as its
starting point. It typically asks, of a set
of alternatives for action none of which
has yet been performed, what one
ought to do, or what it would be best
to do.
First, the contrast just drawn might
suggest that there is a categorical
Two observations difference in the consequences of
should be made theoretical and practical reason
about this way of
understanding
practical reason.
Second, it is important to be clear that in
neither case do the characteristic
modifications of attitude occur infallibly.
PRACTICE REASON and
THEORETICAL
REASON
Five basic components:

PRACTICE THEORETICAL
a. Basic Human Needs
REASON b. Quality World REASON
“what we should do” c. Perceived World
“what we should believe”
d. Comparing Place
e. Total Behavior
Relationship between
Theoretical and Practical Reason
SECOND
Five basic components:
FIRST Theoretical Reasoning is a
a. Basic Human Needs
b. Quality World form of practice, judged by
Both are only practical standards of
superficially distinct. c. Perceived World effectiveness,
d. Comparing Place appropriateness,
e. Total Behavior productivity.
Relationship between
Theoretical and Practical Reason
THIRD
Practical Reason is the Five basic components:
FOURTH
application of a. Basic Human Needs
theoretical reasoning b. Quality World Practical and Theoretical
c. Perceived WorldReasoning are distinct
and its conclusions to forms of reasoning.
concrete, practical d. Comparing Place
situations. e. Total Behavior
REFERENCE:
https://www.gotquestions.org/do-unto-others.
html
Science.jrank.org/pages/109
Thank You

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ETHICS

- set of standards for behavior

Deciding what one should do in business situations often requires reflection on

•you do not forgo your ethical responsibilities by a blind

* The law can be an efficient mechanism to prevent

* The law can be an efficient mechanism to prevent

*The failure of personal ethics among such companies led

* there may no regulation for the particular dilemma

*one had no choice but to rely on the ethical decision-

* all a business needs to do is obey the law suggests that

*If the law was clear and unambiguous, there wouldn’t

This aspect of business ethics asks us to examine business institutions from

Practical reason is the general human

Practical reason, by contrast, takes a

Five basic components:

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