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    Logarithmic Function

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    Angel Grace Delacerna Delicano
    Logarithms are the inverse operation of exponents. They allow expressions with exponents to be written in two equivalent forms: logarithmic form and exponential form. Some key properties of logarithms include: (1) the logarithmic property relating logarithms of multiplied terms, (2) the change of base formula, and (3) the one-to-one correspondence between logarithmic and exponential equations which is used to solve logarithmic equations. Logarithmic inequalities can be solved by determining the range of values where the logarithm is defined and making the inequality true.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Logarithmic Function

    Uploaded by

    Angel Grace Delacerna Delicano
    47 views22 pages
    Logarithms are the inverse operation of exponents. They allow expressions with exponents to be written in two equivalent forms: logarithmic form and exponential form. Some key properties of logarithms include: (1) the logarithmic property relating logarithms of multiplied terms, (2) the change of base formula, and (3) the one-to-one correspondence between logarithmic and exponential equations which is used to solve logarithmic equations. Logarithmic inequalities can be solved by determining the range of values where the logarithm is defined and making the inequality true.

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    Logarithms are the inverse operation of exponents. They allow expressions with exponents to be written in two equivalent forms: logarithmic form and exponential form. Some key properties of logarithms include: (1) the logarithmic property relating logarithms of multiplied terms, (2) the change of base formula, and (3) the one-to-one correspondence between logarithmic and exponential equations which is used to solve logarithmic equations. Logarithmic inequalities can be solved by determining the range of values where the logarithm is defined and making the inequality true.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    47 views22 pages

    Logarithmic Function

    Uploaded by

    Angel Grace Delacerna Delicano
    Logarithms are the inverse operation of exponents. They allow expressions with exponents to be written in two equivalent forms: logarithmic form and exponential form. Some key properties of logarithms include: (1) the logarithmic property relating logarithms of multiplied terms, (2) the change of base formula, and (3) the one-to-one correspondence between logarithmic and exponential equations which is used to solve logarithmic equations. Logarithmic inequalities can be solved by determining the range of values where the logarithm is defined and making the inequality true.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    INTRODUCTION TO

    LOGARITHMS
    Review exponents: Simplify the given
    expressions

     
    In this lesson, we will look at it from another
    perspective. What if the exponent is missing?


    Figure
      out what is the missing number in the following
    expressions?
    Exponential form:
    Logarithmic form:
     
    Note:
     
     In both the logarithmic and exponential forms, is the base.
     In the exponential form, c is an exponent. But c = This
    implies that the logarithm is actually an exponent.
     In the logarithmic form a cannot be negative. For example,
    is not defined since 2 raised to any exponent will never
    result to a negative number.
     The value of can be negative. For example, because
    Example 1:without using a calculator, find the
    value of the following logarithmic expression.

     
    Definition

    Let
      and be positive real numbers such
    that . The logarithm of with base ,
    denoted by , is defined as the number
    such that That is, is the exponent that
    b must be raised to produced .
    Logarithms and exponents allow us to express the same
    relationship in two different ways. This table shows how the
    expressions in Example 1 can be written using two equivalent
    forms.

    Logarithmic Form Exponential Form


    =5  
    25= 32
    =3   3
    9 =729
    1
     
    5 =5
    0
     
    7 =1

    Logarithmic form:
    Exponential form:  
     

    Common Logarithms are logarithms with base 10; the


    base is usually omitted when writing common
    logarithms. This means that is a short notation for .

    Logarithms with base e are called natural logarithms,


    and are denoted by “”. In other words, is another way
    of writing
    Representation of real-life situation
      In chemistry, the pH level measures the acidity of a
    water-based solution that is measured by the
    concentration of hydrogen ions (written [ in the
    solution. It is obtained by
    pH= -

    Ex. A 1-liter solution contains 0.00001 moles of


    hydrogen ions. Find its pH level.
    Basic properties of logarithms

     
    Let b and x be real numbers such that b>0 and b≠1.

    1.

    2.

    3. If , then
    Example: Use the properties of logarithms to
    find the value of the following logarithmic
    expressions

     
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    Laws of logarithms

       b>0, b≠1 and let n ∊


    Let R. For u>0, v>0, then

    1. =

    2. =
    Use the properties of logarithms to expand
    each expression in terms of the logarithms of
    the factors

     
    1.
    2.
    3.
    Use the properties of logarithms to condense
    the expressions as a single logarithm.

     
    1.
    2.
    3.
    Change –of-Base Formula


    Let  , , and be positive real numbers, with .

    Examples.
    a. (change to base 2)
    b. (change to base 3)
    c. (change to base 5)
    Solving Logarithmic Equations

     Rewriting
      to exponential from
     Using logarithmic properties
     Applying the One-to-one property of Logarithmic
    functions, as stated below.
    For any logarithmic function ,
    if then .
    Example. Find the value of in the following
    equations.  

     
    1.
      (one-to-one property)

     2.

      (changing into exponential form)


    Example. Find the value of in the following
    equations.  

     
    3.
      (using the property )

    (factorization using )
    (Zero Factor Property)

    Check: 3 is a solution since and are defined.


    However, is not a solution since and are not defined.
    Solving Logarithmic Inequality

     
    Property of Logarithmic Inequalities
    Given the logarithmic expression ,
    If , then if and only if
    If , then if and only if
    Example. Solve the following logarithmic
    inequalities.

     
    1.
    Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are defined.
       

     
    Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.
    Since the base is

    Therefore,
    Example. Solve the following logarithmic
    inequalities.

     
    1.
    Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are defined.

       

     Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.


    Since the base is

    Therefore,
    Thank you!

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