Arts and Crafts of S.

Korea
8 Acacia
 The korean peninsula comprises of
two countries, north and south
korea. They are separated by the
korean demilitarized zone (DMZ).
 Hanbok-
This is the traditional korean attire
that dates back for almost two
centuries. It is a bell shaped
silhouette that has a slim top called
Traditional
the jeogori. The jeogori is a long costume and
sleeve blouse worn by male and
female. It is paired with a bottom attire
and a skirt called chima for the
women and a baggy pants called baji
for men.
 White – this represents the west ,
metal element, purity, innocence,
peace, and patriotism. It is the
commonly used color, especially of
the commoners since they are Color
prohibited from wearing anything
colorful that is reserved for the
symbolisms
loyalty and nobility. It is also used
for weddings, new year, and
funerals.
 Black – this represents the end of a
cycle and the attainment of Color
mastery. It represents the north
and water element.
symbolisms
 Blue – this represents the east,
wood element, and cool and Color
feminine energy. It is passive and
yielding.
symbolisms
 Red – this is the opposite of blue. It
represents the south, fire element,
Color
passion, masculinity, and life. symbolisms
 Yellow – this represents the center,
earth element, the beginning of a Color
developing knowledge, and the
mind. It is rarely worn on its own.
symbolisms
 Throughout korean history,
the hanbok has developed a
few variations that is worn
depending on the occasion or
status. The types are as follow.
 Dopo – this is an overcoat that is
worn by confucian scholars. Types of hanbok
 Gwanbok – this is used by
government officials. A rank badge
similar to the mandarin square is Types of hanbok
sewn on the gwanbok to identify
their rank.
 Hwarot – this is ceremonial hanbok
worn by royal women and during a Types of hanbok
royal wedding or special occasion.
 Jeonbok – this is a sleeveless long
vest hanbok worn by the military Types of hanbok
officers.
 Kkachi durumagi – this is a coat
worn by children with the jeogori Types of hanbok
during new year.
 Sagyusam – this is an outer robe
worn by young boys until their Types of hanbok
coming of age ceremony.
 Saekdongot – this hanbok has a
colorful stripped sleeves worn by
korean children ages one to seven
years old. The various stripped Types of hanbok
colors are a representation of the
five cardinal colors and directions.
Examples of the headress
worn with the hanbok
are:
 Ayam – this is a winter cap worn by
women. This is made from a crown
and is embellished by ribbons.
 Beonggeoji – this is a black fabric
headdress that was adopted by the
koreans durinig the joseon dynasty
from the chinese.
 Bokgeon – this is a black fabric
headress that was adopted by the
koreans during the joseon dynasty
from the chinese.
 Gat – this is a cylindrical shaped
hat with a bamboo framed brim. It
is made from horse hair the
reflects transparency. It was only
worn by married and middle class
men.
 Gulle – this is a silk headdress for
young girls ages one to five years
old from the upper class. For the
boys, they wear the hogeon, a
hood like head gear made of black
silk and is embroidered with a tiger
design.
 Hwagwan – this is a coroner (small
crown) worn by korean women
during weddings and the like.
Architecture
 Dolmen - they are primitive tombs
reserved for important people.
They are made from slabs of stone.
 Religious Architecture – buddhist
temples and pagodas account for
most of the prevalent structures in
korea. Numbering in thousands all
over the country. Earlier buddhist
pagodas were made of wood but
since it was difficult to maintain,
stone was used instead.
 Mireuksa pagoda - this is the
oldest and largest example of a
korean buddhist stone pagoda.
Built in 602 CE, it was originally
made of wood but was later rebuilt
using stone, adapting the
construction methods in
woodworking.
 Seokguram grotto – built in 742 CE,
this grotto is made of granite and
houses the seated seokgamoni
buddha in the moment of
enlightenment while facing the
sea.
Royal palace architecture
 Changdeokgung Palace – this
palace s served as the primary
residence of korea’s royal family
and the rulers, especially during
the joseon period. It is a UNESCO
world heritage site and hailed as
an excepional example of far
eastern palace architecture and
design, blending harmoniously
with the surrounding landscape
The palace boasts a few
historically significant
structures such as:
 Geumcheongyo bridge – built in
1411, this is the oldest existing
bridge in seoul.
 Huijeongdang hall – this is the
official bed chamber of the king
and later became the kings
workplace. The original was burnt
in a fire in 1617 and was rebuilt,
but the design is believed to be far
from the original due to the
western elements placed in the
room.
 Daejojeon hall – this is the official
residence of the queen.
 Injeongjeon hall – this is the throne
room used for major state events
such as coronation and welcoming
of state visitors.
 Fortress – fortresses were erected
to defend the korean territory
against china. Around 2400
fortresses in korea are mountain
fortresses.
 Namhanseong – this is an example
of korean mountain forests that
covers 12 kilometers long. It was
originally designed as a command
post against the mongols in the
thirteenth century and acted as an
emergency capital during the
joseon in the 17th century.
 Activity 1 : compare and contrast
The philippines also has fortress
architecture such as the batanes
castles in batanes, fuerza de san
pedro in cebu fuerza de sta. isabel in
palawan, and intramuros in manila.
Do research on the history of
intramuros and compare it with the
namhansanseong. Create a venn
diagram I your journal of the
similarities and differences of the
two.
Paintings
 Activity 2: create a painting
inspired by confucius paintings.
Create your painting on watercolor
paper, and show it to your class.
Take care of your work since this
will be included in the exhibition of
east asian art at the end of the
chapter. In the philippines, do we
have similar symbolic associations
with indigenous plants or animals?
Why or why not? Write your
answers in your journal.
 Minhwa – which means, painting
of the people or popular painting
were scaled down versions of
bright and decorative court
paintings. These paintings also
used animal symbolisms like the
ten creatures of longevity.
 Activity 3: in art history , there is
the hierarchy of art. In western art,
fine arts are considered better than
decorative arts. In east asia, ink
wash paintings and calligraphy are
superior to other types of artworks
like the minhwa. In philippine art,
many would follow the western
type of thinking that fine arts are
better than decorative or folk arts.
Do you agree with this? Why or
why not? Why do you think such
distinction exist? Is there a need
for this? Write your answers in you
journal.
 Calligraphy – in korean calligraphy
or artistic writing, the hangul is the
korean alphabet. The hanja is the
korean term for chinese characters
are believed to have come to korea
during the second to third century
CE with the proliferation of
buddhism in the country.
Sculptures
 Baekje smile – the buddha images
were described as warm and
friendly. That face etched on the
buddha is called the baekje smile.
 Gilt bronze maitreya – it is a early
incarnation of buddha. It is made
of bronze with a height of almost a
meter.
 Gilt bronze incense burner of
baekje – it was discovered in the
ruins of an ancient buddhist
temple and was probably used for
religious ceremonies and rituals. It
is 64 cm high and 19 cm in
diameter.
 Activity 4: artifacts similar to the
incense burner of baekje offer us
insights on the culture and
tradition of ancient koreans. The
the philippines, artofacts and
national treasures give us glimpses
of the beliefs and traditions of our
filipino ancestors. Go to the
national museum and choose one
of the culrtural artifacts they have
on display. Give your insights on
how ancestors lived. Write your
findings on your journal.
Decorative arts and crafts
 Pottery – ancient clay vessels found
in korea were believed to have
been made around 5000 BCE that
bore a comb pattern and had a
pointed or rounded bottom, all of
which were indicative of early
settlers from siberia, russia. It was
only around 108 CE that chinese
influence on pottery tradition
became evident when korean
earthenware had shown the use of
a potters wheel and a closed kiln.
 Goryeo celadon pottery – this is a
distinct earthenware that is a
result of the evolution of the
korean pottery. Developed around
918-1392 CE, celadon pottery is a
glazed pottery with jade green
color, which has orginated from
china.
 Buncheong or punchong pottery –
this pottery evolved from the
goryeo celadon during the late
fourteenth century. It is
characterized by its practical and
inconspicous desogns made on a
dark clay usually with high iron
content. This is then decorated
with a number of methods such
that is can be coated with a white
slip (a slip is a liquid mixture
suspended in water) the designs
are then made by drawing done
through the white slip or painting
using an iron pigment.
 Najeonchilgi – this is the
lacquerware craft of korea. Najeon
refers to mother of pearl inlay
technique in creating this
originated from china. The art of
lacquerware in korea began in the
goryeo period, while the use of
mother of pearl inlay into
lacquerware became quite
populare during the joseon period.
 Tal – this is made of wood and
paper mache. It has a black hood
that holds the mask and represents
hair at the same time. It serves as
an integral part of korean culture
and even considered as one of
their national treasures.
 Activity 5: south korea has an
official list of national treasures.
Some of these have been
mentioned in this lesson. Do a
research of a national treasure that
piques your curiousity . Draw your
chosen korean national treasure,
write a short description of the
artwork.