Industrial Communication Networks

Lesson 2
INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Industrial Networks
 Classified into three levels based upon the type of data and devices
that use the network.
 Enterprise: non time critical information

 Automation and Control: Real time I/O
 Field device: switches, output devices and drives
Industrial Networks
Enterprise Level
 Shares data between all segments

 Transfers non-time critical data
 Ethernet is preferred network because high speed, open-source protocol and
competitive vendor pool
 In the past proprietary networks have been used, but this do not communicate
with other networks. Ethernet has been implemented to bridge devices from
different networks
Automation and Control Level
 Transfers data between the controller and the I/O devices it controls and to other
controllers
 Data is high urgency – real time
 Determinism: data to be sent and received in a timely manner and verified is
correct
 Reliability 24/7 schedule even in hostile environments
 Security
 Routers typically use to isolate networks and provide security
Field Device Level Networks
 Connects individual I/O devices to a PLC

 Replaces remote I/O racks, adapters, modules, and field wiring with a direct
connection to intelligent switches and output devices
 Ease of installation
 Reduction of I/O wiring
 Error and diagnostic reporting
 Open networks and support different vendors
 Devicenet is the most common field level network for Allen Bradley controllers
(others EtherCat, Serial RS-232, CANopen, etc
ETHERNET TCP/IP
Difference Ethernet/IP and TCP/IP
 TCP is an acronym with stands for Transmission Control Protocol. This protocol
is responsible for managing the connection between a client and a server
 IP has two different meanings depending on how it is used: Industrial Protocol
for Ethernet/IP and Internet Protocol for TCP/IP
 Ethernet/IP uses the Ethernet infrastructure to manage the connection between
various automation devices such as robots, PLCs, sensors, etc. Based on the
Common Industrial Protocol
 TCP/IP industrial protocol used is Modbus TCP/IP which is responsible for the
transmission of the packets. TCP/IP is standard in most programming languages
(C,C++, Matlab). Also Modbus TCP/IP is standard in most PCs.
Ethernet/IP
 Is an offspring of the Common Industrial Protocol CIP

 Developed for transferring data on DeviceNet and ControlNet (Fieldbus)
networks.
 Advantage of speed and reliability of Ethernet.
 Never truly deterministic however good enough for industry
 Real time I/O at 100 Mbps, 20 times faster than ControlNet
 No additional hardware needed to communicate to any Ethernet network.
Adapters
 Connect devices such as controllers, PanelView terminals, drives to other devices

 Provide interface that converts data into a signal that can be transmitted on a cable
and re-convert that signal back into data at destination device
 Make sure devices are Ethernet/IP compatible
Cable
 Cat 5 most common , also known as 10BaseT

 Limited to 100 meters between switches and or routers
 Can be shielded twisted pair (STP) or unshielded (UTP)
 STP thought more expensive than UTP is preferred in areas with high electrical
noise, drives > 10 HP, or conductors carrying >100 amps, and if inside metal
conduit
 Fiber optic run in extreme high electrical noise (immune to noise)
 Fiber optic more expensive and needs converters
 Fiber optic up to 1500 meters between switches
RJ45 Connector Wiring
 Category 5 Ethernet Cable uses 8 wires twisted to form four pair of wires.
 2 standards for arranging the colors in the RJ45 connector, T568A, and T568B
 Cables can be wired straight through or crossover
 Straight through: are used to connect devices to switches and routers
 Crossover: used to directly connect two Ethernet devices together
Crossover cable
 Often use to directly connect a computer to an Ethernet/IP module for initial

setup. The computer runs a software utility called BootP to set the IP address that
the module will use on the network.
 A crossover cable reverses the TX and RX lines from one connector to the other
to permit connecting a PC directly to an Ethernet Device.
 Usually color of cable is red to differentiate

Bus (Backbone) Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Star Topology
 Connects each device through a separate cable or switch, creating segments or

subnets
 Eliminates most message collisions (major factor in stablishing determinism)
 Allow for new nodes to be installed without disrupting existing nodes
 Failure of that node affect only that node
 Reduces network traffic by limiting multicast data from going to all nodes on the
network by sending only to selected nodes
Routers
 Used to connect different devices together while maintaining isolation between

the networks.
 Only messages with the correct address can cross the router from one network to
another
Switches
 Intelligent Ethernet switches have replace hubs to reduce the number of message
collisions in the network
 Collision occur frequently because more than one node tries to transmit at the
same time
 Ethernet switch knows the address of each device on each port and stores address
in memory. When a message is received, the switch decodes the destination
address and sends the message only to the port of which the device is connected
 ControlLogix inputs mulitcasts to every node in the network. Intelligent switches
can control multicast data, such as I/O to prevent overloading the network with
messages
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How are industrial networks classified?

What are the main characteristics of the automation and control level network?

Lesson 2

INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

 Enterprise: non time critical information

 Shares data between all segments

 Connects individual I/O devices to a PLC

 Is an offspring of the Common Industrial Protocol CIP

 Connect devices such as controllers, PanelView terminals, drives to other devices

 Cat 5 most common , also known as 10BaseT

 Often use to directly connect a computer to an Ethernet/IP module for initial

 Usually color of cable is red to differentiate

 Connects each device through a separate cable or switch, creating segments or

 Used to connect different devices together while maintaining isolation between

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