Scribd
Upload
472 views20 pages

Cumbustion and Flame

The document discusses combustion and flames. It defines combustion as a chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen that produces heat. Fuels can be solids, liquids or gases. During combustion, light is also produced in the form of flames or glow. It describes the different zones of a flame. It discusses ignition temperatures and inflammable substances. It covers appropriate fire extinguishers for different types of fires. It also addresses environmental impacts of combustion such as global warming and acid rain.

Uploaded by

Sanjaya Sahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
472 views20 pages

Cumbustion and Flame

The document discusses combustion and flames. It defines combustion as a chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen that produces heat. Fuels can be solids, liquids or gases. During combustion, light is also produced in the form of flames or glow. It describes the different zones of a flame. It discusses ignition temperatures and inflammable substances. It covers appropriate fire extinguishers for different types of fires. It also addresses environmental impacts of combustion such as global warming and acid rain.

Uploaded by

Sanjaya Sahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

CUMBUSTI

ON AND
FLAME
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
 A chemical process in which a substance
reacts with oxygen and give off heat is
known as combustion.
 The substance that undergoes combustion
is called as combustible or fuel.
 The fuel can be in the form of solid, liquid,
or gas.
 During the combustion, light is also given
off either in the form of a flame or as a
glow.
 Oxidation is the loss of electrons
during a reaction by a molecule, atom
or ion. Oxidation occurs when the
oxidation state of a molecule, atom or
ion is increased.
 The opposite process is called
reduction, which occurs when there is
a gain of electrons or the oxidation
state of an atom, molecule, or ion
decreases.
 The substances which vaporize during
burning time, give flames.
 There are three different zones of a
flame dark zone, luminous zone and
non-luminous zone.
 People generally use wood, cowdung cakes, crop
residues, kerosene oil, coke or LPG gas to cook
food. For ruining vehicles, we use petrol or diesel
oil. In factories, we use coal or fuel oil or natural
gas.
 The materials, such as wood, coke, LPG (liquid
petroleum gas), petrol, diesel, natural gas have one
property in common, i.e., they produce heat on
burning which is then put into different uses.
Furthermore, some materials on burning produce
flame and some do not.
 For example, a candle or coal gas on burning
produces a flame, but not the coal or charcoal. So,
let us study the chemical process of burning and
the types of flame produced during this process.
 Different substances catch fire at different
temperatures.
 The lowest temperature at which a
substance catches fire is known as its
ignition temperature.
 A match contains antimony trisulphide and
potassium chlorate.
 The rubbing surface of match contains
powdered glass and a little red phosphorus.
 Red phosphorus is much less dangerous.
 When the match stick is struck against the
rubbing surface, some red phosphorus gets
converted into white phosphorus; the
process immediately reacts with
potassium chlorate present in the
matchstick head and produce enough heat
to ignite antimony trisulphide; likewise,
combustion starts.
 The substances, which have very low
ignition temperature and can easily catch
fire with a flame, are known as
inflammable substances.
 E. g. petrol, alcohol, Liquified Petroleum Gas
(LPG), etc.
Fire Extinguisher

 Water is the most common fire extinguisher.


 Water, as fire extinguisher, works only when things
like wood and paper are on fire.
 If electrical equipment is on fire, water may
conduct electricity and damage those trying to
douse the fire.
 Water is also not a good extinguisher for fires
involving oil and petrol.
 For fires that involve electrical equipment and
inflammable materials such as petrol, Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) is the best extinguisher.
 One of the ways to get CO2 is to release plenty of
dry powder of chemicals such as sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda) or potassium
bicarbonate.
 Phosphorus burns in air at room temperature.
 The amount of heat energy produced on complete
combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is known as its
calorific value.
 The calorific value of a fuel is measured in a unit
called kilojoule per kg (kJ/kg).
 Combustion of most fuels releases carbon
dioxide in the environment.
 Increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the
air is most likely causes global warming.
 The rise in temperature of the atmosphere of the
earth is known as Global Warming.
 Global warming causes melting of polar glaciers,
which leads to a rise in the sea level that
ultimately causing floods in the coastal regions.
 Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen dissolve in rain
water and form acids; such type of rain is known
as acid rain.
Follow PASS
Common fire extinguisher
Some key points....

 The substances which burn in air are called


combustible.
 Oxygen (in air) is essential for combustion.
 During the process of combustion, heat and light
are given out.
 Ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at
which a combustible substance catches fire.
 Inflammable substances have very low ignition
temperature.
 Fire can be controlled by removing one or more
requirements essential for producing fire (fuel, air,
and heat).
 Water is commonly used to control fires.
 Water cannot be used to control fires involving
electrical equipment or oils.
 There are various types of combustions such as
rapid combustion, spontaneous combustion,
explosion, etc.
 There are three different zones of a flame -dark
zone, luminous zone and non-luminous zone.
 An ideal fuel is cheap, readily available, readily
combustible and easy to transport. It has high
calorific value. It does not produce gases or
residues that pollute the environment.
 Fuels differ in their efficiency and cost .
 Fuel efficiency is expressed in terms of its calorific
value which is expressed in units of kilojoule per
kg.
 Unburnt carbon particles in air are dangerous
pollutants causing respiratory problems.
 Incomplete combustion of a fuel gives poisonous
carbon monoxide gas.
 Increased percentage of carbon dioxide in air has
been linked to global warming.
 Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen produced by the
burning of coal, diesel and petrol cause acid rain
which is harmful for crops, building sand soil.
 “NAME”  Arnav Sahoo

 “CLASS”  8

 “SUBJECT”  science(Chemistry)

 “CHAPTER”  ‘CUMBUSTION
AND FLAME’

 “TOPIC”  Introduction

You might also like