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    1.2 The Mole Concept

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    Crystal
    This document provides examples and exercises on calculating molar mass, determining empirical formulas from percentage composition data, and determining molecular formulas from empirical formulas and molar mass. It includes sample problems such as calculating the molar mass of various compounds, determining the amount of substance and mass of samples, calculating empirical formulas from experimental data on elemental composition, and relating empirical formulas to molecular formulas using molar mass.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1.2 The Mole Concept

    Uploaded by

    Crystal
    61 views16 pages
    This document provides examples and exercises on calculating molar mass, determining empirical formulas from percentage composition data, and determining molecular formulas from empirical formulas and molar mass. It includes sample problems such as calculating the molar mass of various compounds, determining the amount of substance and mass of samples, calculating empirical formulas from experimental data on elemental composition, and relating empirical formulas to molecular formulas using molar mass.

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    1.2 The mole concept (2)

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    This document provides examples and exercises on calculating molar mass, determining empirical formulas from percentage composition data, and determining molecular formulas from empirical formulas and molar mass. It includes sample problems such as calculating the molar mass of various compounds, determining the amount of substance and mass of samples, calculating empirical formulas from experimental data on elemental composition, and relating empirical formulas to molecular formulas using molar mass.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    61 views16 pages

    1.2 The Mole Concept

    Uploaded by

    Crystal
    This document provides examples and exercises on calculating molar mass, determining empirical formulas from percentage composition data, and determining molecular formulas from empirical formulas and molar mass. It includes sample problems such as calculating the molar mass of various compounds, determining the amount of substance and mass of samples, calculating empirical formulas from experimental data on elemental composition, and relating empirical formulas to molecular formulas using molar mass.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Examples

    • 1. The molar mass (M) of Fe2(SO4)3 will


    be?
    • 2. A certain substance has a molar
    mass of 28 g mol-1. Which of the
    following is not a possible formula?
    • A. CH2O
    • B. Si
    • C. C2H4
    • D. CO
    • Exercise:
    • 1. Calculate the molar mass of the
    following substance (correct to 1
    decimal place)
    • a) HI
    • b) NaClO3
    • c) (NH4)2HPO4
    • d) (CO2H)2.2H2O
    • e) Chromium (Ⅲ) oxide
    • f) Iodine trichloride
    Answers:
    • Examples:
    • 3. Determine the amount of substance
    in 12.00 g of barium sulfate.

    • 4. Determine the masses of 0.500


    moles of borax crystals, Na2B4O7.10H2O.

    • 5. 5.42 g of substance is found to


    contain 0.0416 moles. Determine its
    molar mass.
    • Exercise
    • 1. Vitamin C has the formula C6H8O6.
    • a) The recommended daily dose of
    vitamin C is 60.0 milligrams. Calculate
    how many moles are you consuming if
    you ingest 60 milligrams of vitamin.
    • b) A typical tablet contains 1.00g of
    vitamin C. Calculate how many mole of
    vitamin C does this represents.
    • c) When you consume 1.00g of vitamin
    C, calculate how many oxygen atoms
    are you eating.
    • 2. Determine the mass of one molecule
    of H2SO4.

    • Past IB Paper
    6. Empirical formula
    • (1) Percentage composition
    • The percentage by mass of each
    element in a compound.

    • Example:
    • Calculate the percentage of oxygen in
    CO2.
    • (2) Empirical formula
    • Empirical formula shows the simplest
    whole number ratio of atoms present.
    • Empirical formula determination
    • Example 1 ：
    • 2.476g of an oxide of copper is found to
    contain 2.199g of copper. Determine its
    empirical formula.
    • Example 2
    • Determine the empirical formula of a
    compound of phosphorus and oxygen
    that contain 43.63% phosphorus by
    mass.
    • How to calculate the empirical formula.
    • In summary
    • 1. Calculate the mole of each element
    • 2. Find the simplest whole number ratio
    between these moles
    • Exercise:
    • 5.694 g of an oxide of Co yield 4.046 g of
    the metal on reduction. What was the
    empirical formula of the oxide?

    • Treatment of metallic copper with excess


    of chlorine results in a yellow solid
    compound which contains 47.2% copper,
    and 52.8%chlrorine. Determine the
    empirical formula of the compound.
    •

    • Past IB Paper Multiple choice


    7. Molecular formula
    • Molecular formula shows the actual
    number of atoms of each element
    present in a molecule.
    For ethane:
    Empirical formula= CH3
    Molecular formula= CnH3n (where n is an integer)
    If the M of ethane is known (30.08)
    n = M (ethane)/M (empirical formula CH3)
    = 30.08/15.04 = 2
    Example
    • 3. A hydrocarbon contains 92.24% by
    mass of carbon and its Mr = 78.1.
    Determine its molecular formula.
    • How to determine the molecular formula
    • In summary
    • 1. Determine the empirical formula
    • 2. Determine the value of
    M (molecular formula)

    M (empirical formula)

    It should be an integer.
    Exercises
    • 1. An organic compound which had the
    empirical formula CHO has a relative
    molecular mass of 232. Its molecular
    formula is?

    Ans: 1. C8H8O8
    • 2. Vitamin C, a compound contains C, H, O
    only. When 2.00mg of Vitamin C was
    burning, masses of CO2 and H2O formed are
    3.00mg and 0.816mg, respectively. The
    molar mass is found to be about 180 g mol-1.
    From these data, determine the molecular
    formula of vitamin C.

    Ans: 1. C6H8O6

    Past IB Papers

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