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    Mastitis

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    Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the breast that usually occurs during lactation due to milk stasis and is caused by bacterial infections such as streptococci and staphylococci. Symptoms include breast tenderness, swelling, pain, fever and redness. Mastitis progresses through serous, infiltrative, abscess and gangrenous phases if left untreated. Treatment involves antibiotics, emptying the breast, heat/cold therapy and incision/drainage of abscesses. Prevention focuses on breastfeeding hygiene and avoiding issues that cause milk stasis.

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    Mastitis

    Uploaded by

    manal at
    443 views12 pages
    Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the breast that usually occurs during lactation due to milk stasis and is caused by bacterial infections such as streptococci and staphylococci. Symptoms include breast tenderness, swelling, pain, fever and redness. Mastitis progresses through serous, infiltrative, abscess and gangrenous phases if left untreated. Treatment involves antibiotics, emptying the breast, heat/cold therapy and incision/drainage of abscesses. Prevention focuses on breastfeeding hygiene and avoiding issues that cause milk stasis.

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    Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the breast that usually occurs during lactation due to milk stasis and is caused by bacterial infections such as streptococci and staphylococci. Symptoms include breast tenderness, swelling, pain, fever and redness. Mastitis progresses through serous, infiltrative, abscess and gangrenous phases if left untreated. Treatment involves antibiotics, emptying the breast, heat/cold therapy and incision/drainage of abscesses. Prevention focuses on breastfeeding hygiene and avoiding issues that cause milk stasis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    443 views12 pages

    Mastitis

    Uploaded by

    manal at
    Mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the breast that usually occurs during lactation due to milk stasis and is caused by bacterial infections such as streptococci and staphylococci. Symptoms include breast tenderness, swelling, pain, fever and redness. Mastitis progresses through serous, infiltrative, abscess and gangrenous phases if left untreated. Treatment involves antibiotics, emptying the breast, heat/cold therapy and incision/drainage of abscesses. Prevention focuses on breastfeeding hygiene and avoiding issues that cause milk stasis.

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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that mastitis is an inflammatory infection of the breast that is usually caused by a disturbance in milk secretion. It commonly occurs after giving birth or with a woman's first pregnancy. The main aims are to define, classify, diagnose and treat mastitis.

    The main causes of mastitis are lactostasis, poor breast and breast hygiene, purulent skin diseases, deformed nipples, fissures in the nipples, and carcinomatous processes. Microbial infections such as streptococci and staphylococci can also trigger mastitis.

    The clinical features of mastitis include breast tenderness or warmth, general malaise, swelling of the breast, pain or burning sensation in the breast continuously or while breastfeeding, skin redness often in a wedge-shaped pattern, fever over 101°F, and the breast appearing lumpy and red.

    T I S

    TI
    A S
    M
    DEFINITION
    • it’s the syndrome of inflammatory infection of the breast and its
    progress into the ductal system and tissue of the gland. it’s
    usually caused by the disturbance of of milk secretion in the
    lactation period. the main aim is to prevent this case.
    • 90-95 % of the cases occur in post-partum period (after giving
    birth) and primiparas (women after their first pregnancies).
    CLASSIFICATION
    CAUSES

     factors that promote mastitis :


    • lacto stasis.
    • poor breast ,and breast hygiene.
    • purulent skin diseases.
    • deformed nipple.
    • fissures in the nipple.
    • carcinomatous processes which causes hyperplasia of cells leading to duct
    obstruction.
     factors that triggers it :
    microbial infections such as streptococci and staphylococci.
    CLINICAL FEATURES
    • Breast tenderness or warmth to the touch
    • General malaise or feeling ill
    • Swelling of the breast
    • Pain or a burning sensation continuously or while breast-feeding
    • Skin redness, often in a wedge-shaped pattern
    • Fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or greater
    • The affected breast can then start to appear lumpy and red.
    PATHOGENESIS AND PHASES OF MASTITIS

    pathogenesis:
    • inflammatory process originates from the lactiferous ducts.
    • inflammation spreads into the glandular tissue.
    • inflammation then goes through serous, infiltrative and diffuse purulent and then abscess
    formation .
    • which then causes a thrombosis of the vessels and thus, causes necrosis of glandular tissue of the
    breast.
    phases ;
    • serous
    • infiltrative
    • abscessing
    • phlegmonous
    • gangrenous.
    DIAGNOSIS
     clinical data;
     complaints : fever, severe breast pain, chills…
     history of the present illness: acute onset of the disease, as a rule it occurs in the period of
    lactation, and usually preceded by pain in the nipple during breast feeding.
     objective findings :
     during physical examination; the breast feels large and tense, skin above the inflammatory
    process is hyperemic ,also lymphadenitis could be detected.
     during palpation; painful infiltration with unclear borders , painful regional lymph nodes .
    in case of the presence of abscess we notice a fluctuation in projection of the infiltration. I
    case of phlegmonous form, it has a pasty consistence and the fingers leave a dent in the place
    of the infiltration.
     laboratory data:
     blood count ( leukocytosis with a left shift)
     urine analysis
     ultrasound investigation
     differential diagnosis :
    • mastitis-like breast cancer
    • erysipelatous inflammation of the breast.
    FORMULA OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS :
    acute lactational {Lx} mastitis, {Px phase}.

     location of the process:


    • L1 subareolar
    • L2 premammary
    • L3 intramammary
    • L4 retromammary
    • L5 total

     phase of the process:


    • P1 serous infalmmation
    • P2 infiltrative
    • P3 abscessing
    • P4 phlegmonous
    • P5 gangrenous

     for exemple:
    right breast lactational, intramammary mastitis, serous phase
    left breast locational, subareolar mastitis, phase of abcess formation
    TREATMENT OF SEROUS AND INFILTRATIVE
    FORM
    • Supportive Therapy –Rest, fluids, pain medication, anti- inflammatory
    agents, lactation mastitis
    • frequent emptying of both breasts by breastfeeding is essential. Also
    essential is adequate fluid supply for the mother and infant
    • For breastfeeding women with light mastitis, massage and application of
    heat prior to feeding can help as this may aid unblocking the ducts.
    However in more severe cases of mastitis heat or massage could make the
    symptoms worse and cold compresses are better suited to contain the
    inflammation
    • Dicloxacillin or cephalexin are recommended, because of the high rates of
    penicillin resistant staphylococci. Minimum treatment 10-14 days.
    • An abscess (or suspected abscess) in the breast may be treated by
    ultrasound- guided fine-needle aspiration (percutaneous aspiration) or by
    surgical incision and drainage; each of these approaches is performed under
    antibiotic coverage.
    • in case of puerperal breast abscess, breastfeeding from the affected breast
    should be continued where possible.
    TREATMENT OF DESTRUCTIVE FORM OF
    MASTITIS
     In abscessing mastitis :
    • opening of the abscess by means of radial incision in the area of fluctuation or in accordance with
    ultrasound examination findings;
    • the incision must not be closer than 1 cm to the areola;
    • destruction of intersections/bridges and bands in the abscess cavity by a finger;
    • performance of counter opening in the lowest point of the suppurative cavity (when necessary);
    • sanation and drainage of the abscess cavity.
     phlegmonous mastitis:
    • several radial incisions by the same rules;
    • obligatory excision of unviable tissues.
     gangrenous mastitis:
     performance of broad necrectomy;
     in a number of cases: performance of mastectomy
     the use of general modes of treatment:
    • application of antibiotic therapy
    • infusion transfusion detoxification therapy
    • extracorporal detoxification (severe cases)
    • immune system correction
    PREVENTION OF MASTITIS
    A. Antepartum prophylaxis of mastitis includes :
    • Preparation of the nipples for feeding ;
    • Formation of the nipples (in case of flat and inverted nipples) ;
    • Sanation of focuses of endogenous infection ;
    • Hardening procedures ( developing resistance to the cold).
    B. Postpartum prophylaxis of mastitis includes :
    • Breastfeeding hygiene ( washing of the breast before and after feeding).
    • Rational feeding schedule.
    • Expression of breast milk after ever feeding.
    • Timely treatment of fissures and maceration of the nipples
    THANK YOU
    FOR YOUR
    ATTENTION

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