Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 706 views

    Bladder Cancer

    Uploaded by

    vishnu
    Bladder cancer refers to malignant growths in the bladder and is more common in men. Risk factors include smoking, chemical exposure, and older age. Symptoms include blood in the urine, frequent urination, and pain during urination. Diagnosis involves cystoscopy and biopsy of suspicious tissue. Treatment may include surgery to remove part or all of the bladder, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy using BCG vaccine. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, administering medications, and monitoring for complications and side effects of treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Bladder Cancer

    Uploaded by

    vishnu
    706 views19 pages
    Bladder cancer refers to malignant growths in the bladder and is more common in men. Risk factors include smoking, chemical exposure, and older age. Symptoms include blood in the urine, frequent urination, and pain during urination. Diagnosis involves cystoscopy and biopsy of suspicious tissue. Treatment may include surgery to remove part or all of the bladder, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy using BCG vaccine. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, administering medications, and monitoring for complications and side effects of treatment.

    Original Description:

    definition, etiology, types, tnm classification etc

    Original Title

    Bladder cancer

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Bladder cancer refers to malignant growths in the bladder and is more common in men. Risk factors include smoking, chemical exposure, and older age. Symptoms include blood in the urine, frequent urination, and pain during urination. Diagnosis involves cystoscopy and biopsy of suspicious tissue. Treatment may include surgery to remove part or all of the bladder, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy using BCG vaccine. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, administering medications, and monitoring for complications and side effects of treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    706 views19 pages

    Bladder Cancer

    Uploaded by

    vishnu
    Bladder cancer refers to malignant growths in the bladder and is more common in men. Risk factors include smoking, chemical exposure, and older age. Symptoms include blood in the urine, frequent urination, and pain during urination. Diagnosis involves cystoscopy and biopsy of suspicious tissue. Treatment may include surgery to remove part or all of the bladder, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy using BCG vaccine. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms, administering medications, and monitoring for complications and side effects of treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 19
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that bladder cancer is more common in men and cigarette smoking is a major risk factor. The most common type is urothelial carcinoma.

    The common types of bladder cancer are urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Urothelial carcinoma is the most common.

    Some risk factors for bladder cancer include cigarette smoking, chemical exposure, age, sex, race, personal history, and family history.

    BLADDER CANCER

    INTRODUCTION

    • Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer


    that begins in the cells of the bladder
    • More common site of cancer is the urinary
    tract.
    • 2.7 times more common in men. Men fourth
    commonest cause of cancer.
    Definition
    • Bladder cancer

    Bladder cancer refers to any of several


    types of malignant growth of the urinary bladder.
    CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS
     Cigarette smoking
     Chemical exposure at work

     Diet: Fried meats


    Risk Factors

     Age: Seniors are at high risk of developing bladder


    cancer.
     Sex: Men are three times more likely than women to
    have bladder cancer.
     Race: whites have much higher risk of developing
    cancer .
     Personal history of bladder cancer

     Family history of bladder cancer

     Chronic bladder inflammation

     Birth defects

     External beam radiation


    Types
    • Urothelial carcinoma: Urothelial carcinoma,
    previously called transitional cell carcinoma, occurs in
    the cells that line the inside of the bladder. Urothelial
    carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer
    • Squamous cell carcinoma: Squamous cell carcinoma
    is associated with chronic irritation of the bladder
    from an infection or from long-term use of a urinary
    catheter. Squamous cell bladder cancer is rare.
    • Adenocarcinoma: Adenocarcinoma begins in cells
    that make up mucus-secreting glands in the bladder.
    Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is very rare.
    STAGES
    CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

    • Hematuria: This may be visible to the naked


    eye or detectable only by microscope.
    • Frequent urination
    • Painful urination
    • Back pain
    Diagnosis
    • History collection
    • Physical examination
    • Cystoscopy
    • Biopsy
    • Imaging
    • Urine cytology
    MANAGEMENT
     Transurethral resection with fulguration : In this
    operation , an instrument is inserted through the
    urethra and into the bladder . A small wire loop on the
    end of the instrument then removes the tumor by
    cutting it or with electrical current (fulguration).
     Radical cystectomy: In this operation the entire bladder
    is removed ,it is removed as well as its surrounding
    lymph nodes and other structure that may contain cancer.
     Sagmental or partial cystectomy : In this operation,
    part of the bladder is removed .In men the standard
    surgical procedure is a cysto prostactomy (removal of
    the bladder and prostate ) with pelvic lymph
    adenectomy .
     In women ,the standard surgical procedure is a radical
    cystectomy with pelvic lymph adenectomy.
     Chemotherapy : In early bladder cancer chemotherapy
    may be infused into the bladder through the urethra .
    Drugs commonly used to treat bladder cancer include
    thiotepa ,mitomycin and doxorubicin.
     Radiation therapy: Radiation may be given for small
    muscle invasive bladder cancer, radiation therapy is also
    used relive symptoms (palliative treatment) of advanced
    bladder.
     Targeted therapy: To treat advanced cancer when other
    treatments haven't helped
    Immunotherapy
    • This treatment uses bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG),
    which was developed as a vaccine used to protect against
    tuberculosis.
    • BCG causes an immune system reaction that directs
    germ-fighting cells to the bladder
    NURSING MANAGEMENT

     Assist patient to minimize irritative


    the voiding by fluid managementand
    symptoms
    bladder avoidance of
    irritants.
     Administer urinary analgesics or antispasmodic
    medications.
     Provide frequent small meals to minimizenausea
    related chemotherapy .
     Monitor signs for hypertension .
     Monitor complete blood count.

     Assist the patient in positional changes to relive local


    or generalized discomfort from bone metastasis .
    Prevention
    • Don't smoke
    • Take caution around chemicals
    • Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables.
    • Healthy lifestyle
    Complications
    • Anemia
    • Swelling of the ureters (hydronephrosis)
    • Urethral stricture.
    • Urinary incontinence.
    • Erectile dysfunction in men.
    • Sexual dysfunction in women.

    You might also like