Maneuver Captains Career Course

Battle Book

PROPOSED UPDATE

JANUARY
2010
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Handbook is designed to assist Maneuver Leaders in synchronization of battle effects
in time, space and purpose. It provides useful planning factors and considerations for each
combat function. The focus is at maneuver Task Force and Brigade level operations. Each
of the WFF representatives in your unit should be able to provide more specific information.

SUBJECT AREA SECTION

MANEUVER………………..............…. A
INTELLIGENCE……………………….. B
FIRES…………………………………… C
PROTECTION…………………………. D
COMMAND AND CONTROL………… E
SUSTAINMENT……………………….. F
 A. MANEUVER
A1: ARMY OPERATIONS
A2: TASKS AND PURPOSES
A3-A6: TACTICAL MISSION TASK GRAPHICS
A7-A8: IBCT TASK ORGANIZATION
A9-A11: HBCT TASK ORGANIZATION
A12-A13: SBCT TASK ORGANIZATION
A14-A16: OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
A17-A19: DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS
A20-A21: ENGAGEMENT AREA DEVELOPMENT
A22: WEAPONS POSITIONING, DEPTH AND DISPERSAL
A23: M1 CAPABILITIES
A24: M2 CAPABILITIES
A25: STRYKER CAPABILITIES
A26: VEHICLE CAPABILITIES QUICK REFERENCE SHEET
A27: SURFACE DANGER ZONE DEFINITIONS
A28: MSDs/REDs
A29: WEAPONS BASIC LOAD/RATE OF FIRE TIME ANALYSIS
A30: DIRECT FIRE CONTROL
A31-A33: STABILITY OPERATIONS
A34-A36: COIN OPERATIONS
A37-A38: ENABLING OPERATIONS
A39: INFORMATION OPERATIONS

MAN – A
 ARMY OPERATIONS

COE Operational Variables COE Mission Variables:

• Political • Mission
• Military • Enemy
• Economic
• Social • Terrain and Weather
• Information • Time Available
• Infrastructure • Troops Available
• Physical Environment • Civilian Considerations
• Time

Principles of War
• Maneuver
• Offensive Tenets of Army Operations
• Objective • Agility
• Security • Initiative
• Economy Of Force • Depth
• Mass
• Unity of Command • Synchronization
• Simplicity • Versatility
• Security

MAN – A1
 TASKS AND PURPOSES
Purposes Task
Tactical Tasks (FM 3-90, Fig B-1) (In order to)
Effects on Enemy A clearly defined, measurable
Actions By Friendly Force Force Allow
Cause
activity accomplished by
Assault Follow and Block
Create individuals and organizations.
Fix
Attack by Fire Deceive
Assume Canalize Interdict Tasks are specific activities which
Breach Follow and Deny
Contain Isolate
Bypass Support Divert contribute to the accomplishment
Defeat Neutralize
Clear Linkup Enable of encompassing missions or
Destroy Penetrate
Combat Search and Rescue Occupy Envelope
Disrupt Turn other requirements. A task
Consolidation and Reorganization Reconstitution Influence
Control Reduce Open should be definable, attainable,
Counterreconnaissance Retain Prevent
Protect and decisive.
Disengagement Secure
Exfiltrate Seize Support Purpose
Support By Fire Surprise
The desired or intended result of
Suppress
Types and Forms of Operations the tactical operation stated in
terms relating to the enemy or to
Types of Offensive Operations Area Defense Information Operations
the desired situation. (FM 101-5-
Movement to Contact Exploitation Mobile Defense Combined Arms Breach
Attack Pursuit Retrograde OperationsOperations 1,1-125)
Delay Passage of Lines
Special Purpose Attacks Forms of Maneuver Withdrawal Relief in Place
Ambush Envelopment Retirement River Crossing Ops
Demonstration Frontal Attack Troop Movement
Feint Infiltration Reconnaissance Ops Administrative Decisive Point
Raid Penetration Security Operations Approach March
Spoiling Attack Turning Movement Road March
Where the unit will mass the
effects of overwhelming
Intent combat power to achieve a
A clear, concise statement of what the force must do and the conditions the result with respect to terrain,
force must meet to succeed with respect to the enemy, terrain, and desired enemy, and time that will
end state. It provides the link between the mission and concept of operation accomplish the unit’s purpose.
by stating the key tasks that along with the mission, is the basis for
subordinates to exercise initiative when unanticipated opportunities arise or (FM 101-5, p5-12)
when the original concept of operation no longer applies. (FM 6.0, 4-23-4-28) MAN – A2
 TACTICAL MISSION TASK GRAPHICS
AMBUSH (Army) A form of attack by fire or other destructive means from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy. (Marine Corps) A surprise attack by
fire from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy. (FM
-02; 1FM 3-0) (Graphic: FM 1
-02, p. 7-33)

ATTACK BY FIRE A tactical mission task in which a commander uses direct fire, supported by indirect fires, to engage an enemy without closing with him to destroy, suppress, fix or
deceive him. See also frontal attack;upport
s by fire. (FM -390, p. B-3; FM 1-02, p. 1-16) (Graphic: FM 1
-02, p. 7-32)

BLOCK 1. A tactical mission task that denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or along an avenue of approach. 2. An obstacle effect that
integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to stop an attacker along a specific avenue of approach or to prevent him from passing through an engagement area.
(FM 3-90. p. B-13; FM 1-02, p. 1-23) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. 7-49, p. A-2)

BREACH (Army): Atactical mission task in which the unit employs all available means to break
through or secure a passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification.-90)(FM(Marine
3 Corps) The employment of any mean
s available to
break through orsecure a passage through an obstacle. (FM-02, 1 p. 1-24) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-2)

BYPASS A tactical mission task in which the commander dire

cts his unit to maneuver around
an obstacle, avoiding combat with an enemy force. (FM
-02,
1 p. 1-26; FM 3-
90). (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-2)

CANALIZE (DOD) To restrict operations to a narrow zone use

by of existing or reinforcingobstacles or by fire or bombing. (Army) A tactical miss
ion task in which the
commanderrestricts enemy movement to a narrow zone by exp loiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacle.
obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver. See also
(FM 1-02, p. 1-27; FM 3-90) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-2)

CLEAR (Army) 1. A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces nd eliminate
a organized resistance in an assigned area. (FM -90)3 2. To
eliminate transmissions on a tactical radio net in order to allow a higher
-precedence transmission to occur. (FM 11
-32) 3. The total elimination or neutralization of
an obstacle that isusually performed by follow-on engineers and is not done under fire. (FM-34.2)
3 See alsoreduce. (FM 1-02, p. 1-32) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-
2)

CONTAIN (JP 1-02) A tactical mission task that requires the commander to stop, hold, or surround enemyrcesfo
or to cause them to center their activity on a given front and
prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces for use elsewhere. (FM
-90, 3p. Glossary
-8) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-2)

MAN – A3
 TACTICAL MISSION TASK GRAPHICS
COUNTERATTACK (JP 1-02) Attack by all or part of a defe
nding force against an enemy attacking force for such specific purposes as regaining lost ground, or cutting off or
destroying enemy advance units, and with the general objective of denying to the enemy the attainment of his purpose in attacking.ined In susta
defensive
operations, it is undertaken to restore the battle position and is directed at limited objectives.-02,
(FM1
p. 1-46) (Army)– A form of attack by part or all of a
defending force against an enemy attacking force, with the general objectiveof denying the enemy his goal in attacking. (FM -90,
3 p. Glossary-8; FM 3-0)
(Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-3)
COUNTERATTACK No definition listed in -02,
1 OPERATIONAL TERMS & GRAPHICS (Graphic: FM -02,
1 p. A-3)
BY FIRE

COVER (JP 1-02) --(DOD, NATO) 1.The action by land, air, or sea forces protect
to by offense, defense, or
threat of either or both.[Joint definitions -25 non applicable]
(Army) 1. Protection from the effects of fires. (FM
-0)62. A form of security operation whose primary task is totect
pro the main bodyby fighting to gain time while
also observing and reporting informat
ion and preventing enemy ground observation of, and direct fire against, the main body. Unlike
a screening or guard force,
C C the covering force is a self
-contained force capable of operatingindependently of the main body. See alsocovering force. (FM 1-02, p. 1-49; FM 3-90) (Graphic:
FM 1-02, p. A-6)

DEFEAT A tactical mission task that occurs when an enemy force has temporarily or manently
per lost the physical means or the will to fight. The defeated force’s
(No graphic available commander is unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly commander’s will, and can no longer interfere to a
in 101-5-1) significant degree withthe actions of friendly forces. Defeat can result from the use of force or the threat of its use. Seedecisive
also point . (FM 1-02, p. 1-54; FM
3-90)
DELAY Delay in sector : Used to slow and defeat as much of the enemy as possible without sacrificingthe tactical integrity of the unit; presents low risk to a unit. Delay in
Delay from successive battle positions:
sector can be done by forces in the covering force area or in the main battle area. Performed when a sector is so wide
that available forces cannot occupy more than a single tier of positions at a time. Maneuver units delay continuously on and between positions throughout their
sectors fighting rearward from one position to another, holding each as long as possible or for a specified (Source
time. unknown) (Graphic: FM-02, 1 p. A-3)

DESTROY 1. A tactical mission task that physically renders enemy

an force combat
-ineffectiveuntil it is reconstituted. 2. To damage a combat system so badly that it cannot
perform anyfunction or be restored to a usable condition without being entirely rebuilt. (FM
-02, 1p. 1-59; FM 3-90). (Graphic: FM -102, p. A-3)

DISRUPT disrupt– 1. A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires,
terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation or tem
po,
interrupt his timetable, or
cause his forces to commit prematurely or attack incemeal
pie fashion. (FM -90)
3 2. An engineer obstacle effect that focuses fire planning
and obstacle effort to causehet enemy tobreak up his formation and tempo, interrupt his timetable, commit breaching assets
prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort. (FM-7)
903. In information operations,breaking and interrupting the flow of information between selected command
and controlnodes. (FM 3-13) (FM 1-02, p. 1-63) (Graphic: FM 1 -02, p. A-3)

FIX (Army) 1. A tactical mission task where a commandervents

pre the enemy from moving any part of his force from a specific location for a specific period of time. 2.
An engineer obstacleeffect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to slow
an attacker’s movement within specified
a area, normally an engagement area.
See alsoblock; contain; disrupt; supportby fire; turn; way point. (FM 3-90) (FM 1-02, p. 1-81) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-3)

MAN – A4
 TACTICAL MISSION TASK GRAPHICS
FOLLOW A term used to broadly define the order of movement of committed or uncommitted combat, combat support, and combat service support forces in a given combat
operation. The term is a tactical task in which maneuver control
easures
m must be used. (no definition in FM02,
-1 OPERATIONAL TERMS & GRAPHICS) (no
Graphic, FM 1-02)

FOLLOW & ASSUMEA tactical mission task in which a second committed force follows a force conducting an offensive operation and is prepared to continue the mission if the lead
attack;offensive operations. (FM 3-90; FM 1-02, p. 1-82) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-4)
force is fixed, attrited, or unable to continue. See also

FOLLOW & An operation in which a committed force follows and supportsmission

the accomplishment of a force conducting an offensive operation. Such a force is not a
reserve but is committed to accomplish any and all assigned tasks: destroy bypassed units, relieve in place any direct pressure or encircling force that has halted
to contain the enemy; block movement of enemy reinforcements; secure line of communication; guard prisoners, key areas and installations; secure key terrain;
and control refugees. (FM 1-02, FM 3-90) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-4)

SUPPORT
GUARD (DOD, NATO) 1. A for m of security operation [Not
e: the NATO definition replaces“security operation” with “security element”] whose primarysktais to protect the
main force
by fighting to gain time while also observing and report
ing information [Note: the NATOdefinition ends here] and preventing enemy ground observation
of and direct fire againstmain
the body by reconnoitering, attacking, defending, and delaying. Units conducting a guard mission cannot operate independently
G G
because they rely upon fires and combat support setsas of the main body. See alsocover, flank guard,screen. (FM 3-90; FM1-02, p. 1-90) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p.
A-6)
INTERDICT A tactical mission task where the commanderevents,
pr disrupts, or delays the
enemy’s use of an area or route. (FM -390; FM 1-02, p. 1-103) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p.
A-4)

ISOLATE A tactical mission task that requires a unitto seal off—both physically andpsychologically—
an enemy from his sources of su
pport, deny an enemy freedom of
movement, and prevent an enemy unit from having co th other enemy forces. See alsoencirclement. (FM 3-90; FM 1-02, p. 1-105) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p.
ntact wi
A-4)

NEUTRALIZE (DOD) 1. As applies to military operations, to render

ineffective or unusable. 2. To
render enemy personnel or material incapab
le of interfering with a particular
operation. SeeFM 90.
3- 3. To render safe mines, bombs, missiles, andooby b traps. See FM 5-250. 4. Tomake harmless anything contaminated with a chemical
agent. See FM 3-9. (See page A-4 forsymbol.) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-4)

OCCUPY A tactical mission task that involves a force moving into

an area so that it can control
the entire area. Both the force’s movement to and occup
ation of the area
occur withoutenemy opposition. (FM 3-90; FM 1-02, p. 1-136) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-4)

MAN – A5
PENETRATE
TACTICAL MISSION TASK GRAPHICS
(DOD, NATO) In land operations, a form of
offensive which seeks to break
through the enemy’s defense and disrupt the defensivestem.sy (Army) A form of
maneuver
in which an attacking force seeks to rupture enemy defenses on a nar
row front to disrupt thedefensive system. (FM 3-90; FM 1-02, p. 1-145). (Graphic:
FM 1-02, p. A-5)
RELIEF IN PLACE (DOD, NATO) An operation in which, by direct ion of higher authority, all part
or of a unit is replaced in an area by the incoming unit.he
Ter sponsibilities of the
replaced
elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming
unit. The incoming unit continues the operation as ordered.
RIP Also called RIP. (FM 3-90, FM 1-02, p. 1-160)(Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-5)

RETAIN (DOD) 1. When used in the context of deliberate plan ning, the directed command will
keep the referenced operation plan, operation plan in con cept format, and
any associatedjoint operation planning system of Joint Operation Planning and Exe cution System automated data processing files in an inactive library stat
us. The
plan and its associatedfiles will not be maintained unless directed by follow
-on guidance. 2. A tactical task to occupy
and hold a terrain feature to ensure that it is
free of en
emy occupation or use. (Army)tactical
A mission task in which the commander ensures that a terrain feature already
controlled by a friendly force
remains free of enemy occupation or use. (FM -90, 3 FM 1-02, p. 1-163)(Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-5)
RETIREMENT (DOD, NATO) An operation in which a force out of contact moves away from enemy.
the [Note: the Army classifies retirement as “a form of retrograde.”] (FM-0, 3
FM 1-02, p. 1-163).(Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-5)

R
SCREEN (DOD, NATO) 4. A security element whose primary task isot observe, identify, and report
information, and which only fights in self
-protection. See FM 3-90. 5.
(DOD only) A task to maintain surveillance; provide early warning to the main body; or impede, destroy, and harass enemy reconnais sance within its capability
S S without becoming decisively engaged. (Army) A form of security operation that primarily providesearly warning to the protectedforce. (FM 3-90) See also
concealment; flank guard; guard;security operations. (FM1-02, p. 1-167) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-5)
SECURE (DOD, NATO) In an operational context, to gain poss ession of a position or terrain
feature with or without force, and to make such disposition asllwi prevent, as far
as possible, its destruction or loss by enemy action.See FM 3-90. (Army)1. A tactical mission task thatinvolves preventing a unit, facility, or geographical location
from being damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action. (FM 39
- 0) 2. One of the fiv
e breaching fundamentals. Thoseactions which elimin ate the enemy’s
ability to interfere wi
th the reduction and passage combat
of power through a lane. Secure may be accomplished by maneuver or by fires. (FM 3 -34.2) See also
assault; breach; denial measure; reduce; suppress. (FM 1-02, p. 1-167) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-5)

SEIZE (DOD) To employ combat forces to occupy physically

and control a designated area.
(Army) A tactical mission task that involves taking possession of a designated
area usingoverwhelming force. (FM 90) ignated area and obtain controlof it. See alsocontain. (FM1-02, p. 1-168)(Graphic: FM
3- (Marine Corps) To clear a des
1-02, p. A-6)

SUPPORT BY FIRE A tactical mission task in which a maneuverforce moves to a position where
it can engage the enemy by direct fire in support of anot
her maneuvering force. See
also attack by fire; overwatch. (FM 3-90, FM 1-02, p. 1-179)(Graphic: FM 1-02, p. 7-32)

WITHDRAW Listed for both types of withdraw : (JP 1-02)A-- planned operation in which a force in contact disengages from an enemy force
. [The Army considers it a form
of retrograde.] (Army)
A type
– of retrograde where a force in contact plans to disengage from the enemy and move in a direction away from the enemy. (FM -90,3
p. G-27) (Graphic: FM 1-02, p. A-6)
W
R
WITHDRAW UNDER No definition listed in FM 02,
1- OPERATIONAL TERMS & GRAPHICS
PRESSURE

W
WP
RP

MAN – A6
 IBCT ORGANIZATION
IBCT IBCT IN BN

FM 3-90.6 APP A, p A-4 MAN – A7

 IBCT ORGANIZATION

IBCT RIFLE COMPANY IBCT WEAPONS COMPANY

FM 3-21.10 p B-2 MAN – A8

 HBCT ORGANIZATION

HBCT HBCT Combined Arms Battalion

29 x M2 per Bn
29 x M1 per BN
3 x M3
4 x M7
18 x IN SQD (162
FSKM 71-8, Annex-A (April 2007) Infantry)

FM 3-90.5, p 2-1

MAN – A9
 HBCT RIFLE COMPANY ORGANIZATION

RIFLE CO
(MECH)
5/0/130

CO HQS RIFLE
SECTION PLATOON
2/0/10 1/0/40
1x M113
2x HMMWV
2x LMTV
1x W/TRL PLT HQS VEHICLE RIFLE
2x M2A2 SECTION SECTION SQUAD
1x MK19
1x .50cal
1/0/1 0/0/12 0/0/9
1x M24
4x M2A2 1x JAVELIN
1x Raven
2x M249
ARMSROOMS CONCEPT CAPABILITIES 3x M203
*THERE ARE 11 M240Bs ASSIGNED TO THE COMPANY 4x M16A2
1x PRC126
** THERE ARE 9xJAVELINS ASSIGNED THE COMPANY
MAN – A10
 HBCT ARMOR COMPANY ORGANIZATION

ARMOR
14/0/0
CO (M1)
5/0/57

CO HQS TANK
SECTION PLATOON
2/0/12 1/0/15

2x M1A1 – CO, XO 4x M1A1

1x M113 – 1SG
2x M998 – CO, 1SG
1x LMTV – SUPPLY
1x W/TRL – SUPPLY Each Plt typically
1x MK19 – SUPPLY 3x Tank PLOW Has 1 plow
1x M2 MG – 1SG 1x Tank ROLLER ** note:
1x Raven Plows and rollers belong
to HHC on the property book
MAN – A11
 SBCT ORGANIZATION

SBCT SBCT IN BN

FM 3-90.6 APP A, p A-7

FM 3-21.21, p 1-6

MAN – A12
 SBCT RIFLE COMPANY ORGANIZATION

5/160

2/7 CO HQ

1/44 1/44 1/44 1/8

0/10

* Attached
• FIST 1/2
0/3 • MED EVAC TM 0/3
• PLT FOs 0/3
SNIPER • PLT MEDICs 0/3
FM 3-21.11, p. 1-6 MAN – A13
 OFFENSIVE
OPERATIONS
OFFENSIVE CHARACTERISTICS SEQUENCE
• SURPRISE • ASSEMBLY AREA
• RECONNAISSANCE
• CONCENTRATION • MOVEMENT TO LINE OF DEPARTURE
• TEMPO • MANEUVER
• AUDACITY • DEPLOYMENT
**FLEXIBILITY** • ASSAULT
• CONSOLIDATION AND
FM 3-21.10, p. 4-1 to 4-2 REORGANIZATION
FM 3-21.10, p. 4-8 to 4-10

TYPES OF OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS FORMS OF CONTACT

• VISUAL
• MOVEMENT TO CONTACT • PHYSICAL/DIRECT FIRE
• ATTACK • INDIRECT FIRE FM 3-21.10, p. 4-12
• EXPLOITATION • OBSTACLES
• PURSUIT • AIRCRAFT
• CBRN
FM 3-21.10, p. 4-3 • ELECTRONIC WARFARE
• NONHOSTILE
FORMS OF MANEUVER ACTIONS ON CONTACT
• FRONTAL ATTACK 1. DEPLOY AND REPORT
• INFILTRATION 2. EVALUATE AND DEVELOP THE SITUATION
• TURNING MOVEMENT 3. CHOOSE A COURSE OF ACTION
4. EXECUTE THE COURSE OF ACTION
• ENVELOPMENT FM 3-21.10, p. 4-13 to 4-15
• PENETRATION
FM 3-21.10, p. 4-3 to 4-7
MAN – A14
 CONTACT CONTINUUM AND ORGANIZATION
OF OFFENSIVE OPS; FM 3-90.2 pg. 5-3 – 5-4

a. Decisive Operations. Decisive operations directly achieve the mission and intent
of the higher headquarters. Decisive operations conclusively determine the outcome
of battles and engagements. There is only one decisive operation for any major
operation, battle, or engagement for any given echelon. The decisive operation may
include multiple actions conducted simultaneously throughout the depth of the AO.
Commanders weigh the decisive operation while economizing on the effort
allocated to shaping operations.

b. Shaping Operations. Shaping operations create and preserve the conditions for
the success of the decisive operation. Shaping operations include lethal and nonlethal
activities conducted throughout the AO. They support the decisive operation by affecting
the enemy’s capabilities and forces or influencing the opposing commander’s decisions.
Shaping operations use the full range of military power to neutralize or reduce enemy
capabilities. They may occur simultaneously with, before, or after initiation of the
5-3. ORGANIZATION OF OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS
decisive operation. They may involve any combination of forces and occur throughout
Commanders organize forces according to purpose by determining whether the depth of the AO.
each unit’s operation will be decisive, shaping, or sustaining. The purpose-
based framework centers on decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations.
Purpose unifies all elements of the battlefield organization by providing the c. Sustaining Operations. The purpose of sustaining operations is the generation and
common focus for all actions. However, forces act in time and space to maintenance of combat power. Sustaining operations are operations at any echelon that enable
accomplish a purpose. These decisions form the basis of the concept of shaping and decisive operations by providing CSS, rear area and base security; movement
operations. Alternatively, commanders may choose to use the ‘decisive control; terrain management; and infrastructure development. Sustaining operations include the
point,’ ‘main effort,’ or ‘supporting efforts’ method to articulate his following elements.
organization of forces if this better facilitates the commanders ability to
visualize, describe, and direct actions, especially since battalion task forces
operate at the tactical level of war. Commanders also synchronize operations
in time and space. When circumstances require a spatial reference between
friendly and enemy forces, commanders may describe them in terms of deep,
close, and rear areas. These spatial categories are especially useful in combat
operations that are generally contiguous, linear, and feature a clearly defined
enemy force.
MAN – A15
OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS

TYPES OF ATTACKS
• HASTY
• DELIBERATE
• SPECIAL PURPOSE ATTACK
• AMBUSH
• RAID
• FEINT
• DEMONSTRATION
• COUNTERATTACK
• SPOILING ATTACK

FM 3-21.10, p. 4-15 to 4-22

MAN – A16
 DEFENSIVE
OPERATIONS
DEFENSIVE CHARACTERISTICS TYPES OF DEFENSIVE OPS
• PREPARATION • MOBILE
• AREA
• SECURITY • RETROGRADE
• DISRUPTION
• MASSED EFFECTS SEQUENCE OF THE DEFENSE
• FLEXIBILITY • RECON AND SECURITY OPS AND ENEMY
PREPARATORY FIRES
FM 3-21.10, p. 5-2 • OCCUPATION AND PREPARATION
• APPROACH OF ENEMY MAIN ATTACK
• ENEMY ASSAULT
DEFENSIVE TECHNIQUES • COUNTERATTACK
• CONSOLIDATION AND REORGANIZATION
• DEFEND IN SECTOR
• DEFEND FROM BP FM 3-21.10, p. 5-3 to 5-4
• DEFEND A STRONGPOINT
• DEFEND A PERIMETER
• LINEAR DEFENSE
• NONLINEAR DEFENSE Sector  Area
• REVERSE SLOPE DEFENSE
FM 3-21.10, p. 5-11 to 5-12 Battle Position  Avenue of Approach

PURPOSE OF DEFENSIVE OPS Strongpoint  Key Terrain

• GAIN TIME
• RETAIN KEY TERRAIN
• SUPPORT OTHER OPERATIONS
• PREOCCUPY THE ENEMY IN ONE AREA Perimeter  Force Protection
WHILE FRIENDLY FORCES ATTACK HIM IN
ANOTHER
• ERODE ENEMY FORCES AT A RAPID RATE
WHILE REINFORCING FRIENDLY
OPERATIONS

FM 3-21.10, p. 5-2
MAN – A17
 DEFENSIVE TECHNIQUES

Defense in Sector FM 3-90.1, p. 6-24 to 6-31 Perimeter Defense

Defend a Strongpoint
Defend a Battle Position
MAN – A18
 BATTLE POSITION OR SECTOR?
DEFENSIVE CONSIDERATIONS
3 2 2 1

...

...
A B

BATTLE POSITION Indicators SECTOR

1. Well defined, enemy can be canalized 1. Avenues of Approach 1. Not easily defined
2. Dominates avenues of approach 2. Terrain 2. No dominant terrain
3. Narrow / Small 3. Area of Operations 3. Wide / Large
4. Achievable 4. Mutual Support 4. Not easily achieved
5. Good 5. CDR’s Ability to See / Control 5. Degraded
6. Retain / Block 6. Assigned Task 6. Disrupt / Contain

5 Types of Battle Positions. STRONG POINT

FM 3-90, p. 8-9

MAN – A19
 ce
or
STEPS IN EA DEVELOPMENT 02
Fi
xin
g F

As
• ID ENEMY AAs sa
ul
– Where can enemy go? t Fo
– Where does enemy want to go? rc
e
•

DISM
DETERMINE ENEMY SCHEME OF MANEUVER
– Where does enemy want to go? 01
– Where will enemy go?

A
B0
–

01
Mission?

3
AB0012
– OBJ’s (I&S)
03
• DETERMINE WHERE TO KILL THE ENEMY
– My task and purpose
– Where best able to achieve? (Terrain & Enemy)
• EMPLACE WEAPONS SYSTEMS/INTERGRATE (DIRECT
FIRE)
– Mutual support
– Over watch obstacles
– Cover & concealment
t
en
– Command & control h m
tac
– Depth De AB0015
– Dispersion
• PLAN & INTEGRATE OBSTACLES
Ex
– Covered by direct & indirect fires p
nt
lo
• PLAN & INTEGRATE INDIRECT FIRES me
ita
ach tio
– Integrated with obstacles & direct fire De
t n
Fo
rc
e
14

• REHEARSE ACTIONS IN EA
00
AB

– Direct fire plan

– Engagement criteria
MAN – A20
 DEFENSIVE FIRE PLANNING: KEY QUESTIONS
• Enemy Avenue of Approach?
• Enemy rate of march?
• Location of key terrain?
• Enemy formations – where will he change formations?
• Expected range of engagement?
• When will enemy begin engaging?
• Use of enemy indirect fires – effect of enemy fire plan?
• Tactics enemy will use – firing lines?
• Where will the enemy dismount?
• Dead-space – how we/adjacent units will cover?

MAN – A21
 WEAPONS POSITIONING
DEPTH & DISPERSION
• TOW Missiles: best employed at ranges of 2500m to 3700m to allow
for a 12 sec. TOF
• Tanks: best employed where they can engage the enemy at a range of
2,500m (1800m to 2800m for midrange fires)
• BFVs: 2500m or less from flank positions focused on lightly armored
vehicles and infantry or fix/severely limit tank movement.
• Javelins: Best employed from 65m to 2000m, use to destroy enemy
mechanized forces, fortifications, or helicopters
• Mk-19: Best employed against troops in the open between 18m &
1800m, and to cover dead space
• M-2 MG: Max effective range of 2000m, best used against enemy
lightly armored or thin-skinned vehicles or infantry

FM 3-90.1, p. 6-3
MAN – A22
 Weapons Crusing Fuel Max
Crew Weapons Range Range Capacity Speed
M1 120mm
CAPABILITIES Smoothbore 3000 m (42 504
M1 4 Cannon rounds) 265 miles gallons 42 mph
7.62mm Coax 900 m (5600
Machine Gun rounds)
7.62mm
Loader's
Machine Gun 900 m
.50Cal TC's 1830 m (900
Machine Gun rounds)

• Estimated Armor Protection Levels in mm of

Rolled Homogenous Armor Equivalent
– Turret: 800-900 (KE); 1320-1620 (CE)
– Glacis: 560-590 (KE); 510-1050 (CE)
– Lower Front Hull: 580-650 (KE); 800-
970 (CE)

MAN – A23
 Weapons Crusing Fuel Max
M2 Crew Weapons Range Range Capacity Speed
CAPABILITIES 3+7 25mm 3000 m (900 175
M2 Dismounts Bushmaster rounds) 300 miles gallons 45 mph
7.62mm Coax 900 m (2200
Machine Gun rounds)
5.56mm Firing
Port Weapons 800 m
TOW Missile 3750 m (7
Launcher missiles)
• Estimated Armor Protection Levels in mm of
Rolled Homogenous Armor Equivalent
– Turret: 100-110 (KE); 1320-1620 (CE)
– Glacis: 126 (KE); 150 (CE)
• Add-on reactive armor

MAN – A24
 Weapons Crusing Fuel Max
STRYKER Crew Weapons Range Range Capacity Speed
2200 or
CAPABILITIES 1830m
3+9 (Depending on
Dismounts RWS) (2000 52 60+
Stryker (Maximum) M2 .50Cal rounds) 300 miles gallons mph
Mk-19
Grenade 2212 m (320
Launcher rounds)
7.62mm M240
Machine Gun 900 m

• Armament dependent on variant type (.50Cal vs. Mk-19 vs. 7.62mm)

• Stryker Family of Vehicles includes ten different variants: CV, ICV, RV, MEV,
ESV, ATGM, MGS, NBCRV, FSV, and Mortar Carrier
• Estimated Armor Protection Levels in mm of Rolled Homogenous Armor
Equivalent
– 14.5 mm all around vehicle
– 152mm airburst protection

MAN – A25
M1 TANK  Range    

120MM 2500m planning 3000 max  

coax 900m    
50 cal 1600m    

50 cal CSAM 1600m 50cal mounted to 120 barrel, fired by Tank Gunner through gunner optics  
M2 BFV      
25mm HE=3000 AP=2000 APFDST=2500
COAX 900M    
TOW 3750M    

Vehicle POSN plan 2500m planning    

MGS-SBCT      
105mm 2000m    
coax 900m    
50 cal 1200m    
       
M4 300M    
M249 800M AREA    
M240B 1100M AREA (with tripod T+E), 900m tracer burnout
M203 350M AREA    
M2 50 CAL 1800M AREA    
MK-19 2112M AREA    
M82A1 (SNIPER) 1800M 50CAL  

M24 (SNIPER) 800M 7.62 BOLT  

M21 (SNIPER) 460M 7.62 (M-14)  

JAV 2000M    
AT-4 300M     MAN – A26
SDZ DEFINITIONS
IMPACT AREA (AREA W): THE PRIMARY
DANGER AREA FOR THE IMPACT OF ALL
ROUNDS. AREA B GUN TARGET LINE

DISPERSION AREA DISTRIBUTION OF A

IMPACT AREA
SERIES OF ROUNDS FROM ONE WEAPON W
AIMED AT ONE POINT OF IMPACT.

AREA
ANGLE P: DISPERSION AREA EXPRESSED IN

AREA
N
DEGREES

DISPERSIO

CHET
RICOCHET AREA: THE AREA PROVIDED TO

RICO
CONTAIN RICOCHET PROJECTILES.
P

Q
ANGLE Q: RICOCHET AREA EXPRESSED IN
DEGREES

A
AREA
AREA A: THE AREA (SECONDARY DZ) WHICH
PARALLELS THE IMPACT AREA PROVIDE TO
CONTAIN FRAGMENTS OR ITEMS EXPLODING
ON THE EDGE OF THE IMPACT AREA.
AREA B: THE AREA (SECONDARY DZ) ON THE
DOWNRANGE SIDE OF THE IMPACT AREA DISTANCE X
DESIGNED TO CONTAIN FRAGMENTS AND
AREA F
EXPLODING ITEMS.
AREA F: THE BACK-BLAST AREA
MAN – A27
 Weapon
Dispersion Ricochet D i s t a nc e t ho s e a ng le s e q ua l a t
System / A g i v e n ra ng e s UASF MSD's (m)
(degrees) (degrees)
Ammunition
500m 1000m 2000m
Bomb weightProtected* Unprotected
9mm 5 5 90 180 360 1,000 lb 240 1000
5.56mm 5 5 100m 90 180 360 750 195 750
7.62mm 5 5 100m 90 180 360 500 220 500
.50 cal 5 5 100m 90 180 360 500(-) 145 500
30mm 50 50
25mm 20mm 25 50
M793 TP-T 5 19 0 204 408 804 .50 cal 25 50
M910 TPDS-T 5 15 0 170 340 680 7.62mm 25 25
FM23-1 P8-20
40mm 10 215 300 470 AC-130 gun to tgt 30 deg
120mm (tank) 25mm 2000
HE 5 17 187 374 748 40mm 950
AP 5 16 179 357 714 105mm 700
AT-4 5 13 153 306 612
Javelin 10 17 230 459 918
Rotary Wing
Guns 5 10 128 255 510 Bangalore
Rockets 5 10 128 255 510 1,000m laterally
Indirect MSD's (m) 500m radius (troops in open)
40mm 100 200m (troops in defilade)
60mm 200 100m (missle proof shelter)
81mm 300 MICLIC
105mm 400 Dispersion 30 degrees
155mm 500 Noise hazard 1600m radius
RED 0.1 % PI Fragmentary zone 778m laterally,
1/3 range 2/3 range Max 183m rear
60mm 100 150 175 *Protected means in a fighting
81mm 165 185 230 position or armored vehicle
120mm 150 300 400
105mm 175 200 275
155mm 200 280 450
155mm DPICM 450 450 600
MAN – A28
 BASIC LOAD / RATE OF FIRE TIME ANALYSIS

Basic Load Rates of Fire (rds per min)** Minutes the Basic Load lasts
Sustained Rapid Cyclic Sustained Rapid Cyclic
M4/M16 210 16 800 13 0.25
M240B 800 100 200 650-950 8 4 1
M249 800 85 200 800 9 4 1
M9 45 60 1
M203 24 35 35 1

.50 cal 1000 40 40 500 25 25 2

Mk-19 256 40 60 375 6 4 1

BFV Ready Stowed

25mm 300* 100 200 3 2 600
Coax 800 100 200 650-950 8 4 1 1400
TOW 2 5
M240 100 200 650-950 2200
M4/M16 2520

M1A1
120mm 40
.50 cal 900 40 40 500 23 23 2
7.62mm 11400 100 200 650-950 8 4 1
5.56mm 210 16 800 13 0.25

*The BFV has can hold 75 rounds in the AP feeder and 225 in the HE.
**Sustained rate of fire = 4 seconds between bursts, Rapid = 2 seconds, Cyclic = continuous fire.
MAN – A29
Principles of Direct Fire Control Fire Control Process
•Mass the effects of fire •Identify probable enemy locations and determine the
•Destroy the greatest threat first enemy scheme of maneuver
•Avoid target overkill •Determine where and how to mass (focus and distribute)
•Employ the best weapon for the target fire effects
•Minimize friendly exposure •Orient forces to speed target acquisition
•Prevent fratricide •Shift fires to refocus or redistribute their effects
•Plan for extreme limited visibility conditions
•Develop contingencies for diminished capabilities

Terrain-based Fire Control Measures Threat-based Fire Control Measures

•·      Target reference point (TRP) •·      Fire patterns
•·      Engagement area •·      Target array
•·      Sector of fire •·      Engagement priorities
•·      Direction of fire •·      Weapons ready posture
•·      Terrain-based quadrant •·      Trigger
•·      Friendly-based quadrant •·      Weapons control status
•·      Maximum engagement line (MEL) •·      Rules of engagement (ROE)
•·      Restrictive fire line (RFL) •·      Weapons safety posture
•·      Final protective line (FPL) •·      Engagement techniques

Engagement Techniques Fire Commands

•Point fire •Alert
•Area fire •Weapon or ammunition (optional)
•Volley fire •Target description
•Alternating fire •Orientation
•Observed fire •Range (optional)
•Sequential fire •Control (optional)
•Time of suppression •Execution
•Reconnaissance by fire

MAN – A30
 STABILITY OPERATIONS

• ESSENTIAL STABILITY • FUNDAMENTALS OF

STABILITY PLANNING
TASKS
– ESTABLISH CIVIL SECURITY – REDUCE COMPLEXITY
– ESTABLISH CIVIL CONTROL – INCULCATE AN OFFENSIVE
MINDSET
– RESTORE ESSENTIAL – ANTICIPATE FUTURE
SERVICES EVENTS
– BALANCE RESOURCES,
– SUPPORT TO GOVERNANCE CAPABILITIES, AND
– SUPPORT TO ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
– SHAPE A POSITIVE FUTURE
AND INFRASTRUCTURE
– RECOGNIZE TIME HORIZONS
DEVELOPMENT – UNDERSTAND THE PITFALSS

MAN – A31
STABILITY OPERATIONS

FM 3-07, p. 4-10
MAN – A32
STABILITY OPERATIONS

FM 3-07, p. 4-11
MAN – A33
 COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS

Principles Of Counterinsurgency
• Legitimacy
• Unity of Effort
• Political Factors
• Environmental Awareness
• Intelligence Led
• Insurgent Isolation
• Security
• Long-Term Commitment
• Manage Information & Expectations
• Measured Force
• Learn & Adapt
• Empower the Lowest Levels
• Host Nation Support
FM 3-24 Page 1-20 to 1-26 FM 3-24 Page 1-19
Paradoxes Of Counterinsurgency
• The more you protect your force, the less secure you are.
• The more force used, the less effective it is.
• The more successful COIN is, the less force that can be used and the more risk that must be accepted.
• Sometimes doing nothing is the best reaction.
• The best weapons for COIN do not shoot.
• The host nation doing something tolerably is sometimes better than us doing it well.
• If a tactic works this week, it might not work next week; If it works in this province, it may not work in the next.
• Tactical success guarantees nothing. FM 3-24 Page 1-22-23
• Most of the important decisions are not made by Generals. MAN – A34
 COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS
Elements of Insurgency FM 3-24 Page 1-10
• Leaders – May be held by strength of character, clan, tribal or religious authority. They usually exercise leadership
through force of personality.

• Combatants – They do the actual fighting and provide security. They exist only to support the insurgency’s
broader political or religious agenda.

• Political Cadre – They are the core of the insurgency as they implement guidance and procedures articulated by
the leadership and are actively engaged in the struggle to accomplish the insurgencies goals.

• Auxiliaries – Are active sympathizers who provide important support services. They may run safe houses or store
weapons and supplies, but do not participate in direct action.

• Mass Base – They are the followers of the insurgent movement, the supporting populace where recruits and
security are sought. They may also be part time members of the insurgency in the above roles and lead double
lives.

• Insurgent Approaches (FM 3-24, p. 1-5) • Insurgent Vulnerabilities (FM 3-24, p. 1-14 to
– Conspiratorial 1-15)
– Military-Focused – Secrecy
– Urban – Mobilization
– Protracted Popular War – Base of Operations
– Identity-focused – Financial Weakness
– Composite and Coalition – Internal Divisions
– Maintaining Momentum
• Insurgent Means of Mobilization (FM 3-24, p. – Informants
1-8)
– Persuasion
– Coercion
– Reaction to Abuses
– Foreign Support
– Apolitical Motivations MAN – A35
COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS

FM 3-24 Page 1-24

MAN – A36
 ENABLING OPERATIONS
Enabling operations: specialized missions that
must be planned and/or conducted in conjunction
with ongoing or future reconnaissance and security
(R&S) operations to achieve or sustain a tactical
advantage. The reconnaissance party should be a reconnaissance platoon
and a supporting unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or
other aerial reconnaissance element.
MOVEMENT
Tactical Road March The Recon party’s primary tasks are:
Organized into four elements: • Determine route traffic-ability.
1. Reconnaissance Party • Identify possible choke points.
2. Quartering Party • Identify and mark bypasses around obstacles; clear
3. Main Body obstacles within capabilities.
4. Trail Party • Systematically report reconnaissance progress in
accordance with unit SOP.
• Establish traffic control points, as required.
Assembly Area: A location in which a force prepares or
regroups for further action. As a rule, it is secure
from threat interference. Quartering Party: The quartering party normally follows the
Characteristics of an Assembly Area: reconnaissance party and also moves by infiltration.
• Concealment from air and ground observation. The squadron employs a quartering party from the
reconnaissance troop—if it plans to occupy an
• Cover from direct fire.
assembly area upon arrival at the march destination.
• Defensible positions.
• Openings for positioning UAV launch and recovery
assets. Main Body: The main body is composed of the bulk of the
• Space for dispersion of vehicles, personnel, and squadron organized into serials and march units.
equipment.
• Good entrances and exits and an adequate internal Trail Body: The trail party is the last march unit in the
road or trail network. squadron serial. It is composed of elements of the
• Good drainage, slope, and soil conditions to support combat trains under the squadron maintenance
vehicles, and equipment. officer.
• Good locations for a landing zone (LZ).

FM 3-20.96, NOV 05, Ch 5 MAN – A37

 PASSAGE OF LINES
Forward Passage: when an attacking or exploiting force
moves through forces in contact.
Rearward Passage: when security forces withdraw through
the protected force.
FPOL PASSAGE OF LINES
Reasons for a FPOL: Control Measures Continued:
• Continue the attack or counterattack. • Release point. A well-defined point on a route at which the elements
• Envelop a threat force. composing a march column revert to the authority of their respective
• Pursue a fleeing threat. commanders, with each element continuing its movement toward its
• Pass between friendly AOs during nonlinear operations own appropriate destination.
• Assembly area. Allows the passing unit to conduct hasty reorganization
RPOL and emergency CSS actions. This assembly area is temporary in
nature.
Rearward movement is likely to be more difficult because of the
following: • Infiltration points. Units should plan infiltration points for personnel not
able to complete the passage with the unit.
• The threat probably has the initiative, which tends to
reduce the time available to conduct liaison and • Reconnaissance handover. The actions that occur between two
reconnaissance and make detailed plans. elements to coordinate the transfer of information and/or responsibility
for observation (reconnaissance and/or surveillance).
• If the rearward-moving force has been in action, its
soldiers are tired and possibly disorganized to some
degree. PASSAGE OF LINES
Control Measures
• The threat may be applying pressure on the passing • Battle handover line. Established by the common commander in
force. consultation with the commanders of both passage units.
• Friendly forces may be more difficult to recognize • Contact points. Established forward of the BHL, on identifiable terrain
because threat forces may be intermixed with them. (if available) and normally in the vicinity of the PPs.
• Passage points. Should be concealed from threat observation.
Stationary unit guides may meet the passing unit at the PP.
• Passage lanes and passage routes. Restrictive in nature and
established by the stationary unit to move the passing unit quickly
Relief in Place: an operation in which a unit is replaced in through the stationary unit’s positions.
combat by another.
Relief Techniques:
• Sequential
• Simultaneous
• Staggered

FM 3-20.96, NOV 05, Ch 5 MAN – A38

 INFORMATION OPERATIONS
Commanders can use OFFENSIVE IO capabilities to: CORE ELEMENTS:
– OPSEC
• Destroy. To damage a system or entity so badly – PSYOP
that it cannot perform any function or be restored – Military Deception
to a usable condition without being entirely rebuilt.
– Electronic Warfare
• Disrupt. To break or interrupt the flow of • Electronic Attack
information. • Electronic Protection
• Degrade. To reduce the effectiveness or • Electronic Warfare Support
efficiency of adversary C2 and information – Computer Network Operations
collection efforts or means. IO can also degrade – Computer Network Attack
the morale of a unit or reduce the target’s worth. – Computer Network Defense
• Deny. To prevent the adversary from accessing – Computer Network Exploitation
and using critical information, systems, and
services.

SUPPORTING ELEMENTS:
– Physical Destruction
– Information Assurance
Commanders can use DEFENSIVE IO capabilities – Physical Security
to accomplish the following: – Counterintelligence
• Protect. To take action to guard against – Counter-deception
espionage or capture of sensitive equipment – Counterpropaganda
and information.
• Detect. To discover or discern the existence of
an intrusion into information systems.
• Restore. To bring information and information RELATED ACTIVITIES:
systems back to their original state.
– Public Affairs
• Respond. To react quickly to an adversary’s – Civil-Military Operations
IO attack.

Reference FM 3-13 p. 1-16 MAN – A39

 B. INTELLIGENCE
B1: INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD
B2-B3: IPB STEP 1: DEFINE THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
B4: IPB STEP 2: DESCRIBE THE ENVIRONMENT’S EFFECTS ON OPERATIONS
B5-B6: TERRAIN ANALYSIS
B7: DOCTRINAL CORRIDOR WIDTH
B8-B12: URBAN TERRAIN ANALYSIS
B13:WEATHER ANALYSIS
B14-B15: IPB CIVILIAN CONSIDERATIONS
B16:“ASCOPE”
B17:“SWEAT”
B18-B19: IPB STEP 3: EVALUATE THE THREAT
B20-B25: EVALUATE THE THREAT – INSURGENCY
B26-B28: IPB STEP 4: DETERMINE THREAT COAs
B29-B30: EVENT TEMPLATING
B31:IPB TEMPLATE MATRIX
B32-B33: CCIR AND EEFI
B34-B35: TARGETING METHODOLOGY
B36:TARGETING TERMINOLOGY
B37:TARGETING AND THE MDMP
B38:HVTs VS. HPTs
B39:EXAMPLE TARGET SYNCH MATRIX
B40:ISR OPERATIONS
B41-B42: RECONNAISSANCE GUIDANCE
B43-45: RECON SQUADRON T/Os
B46:UAS CAPABILITIES

INTEL – B
 INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE
BATTLEFIELD (IPB)
Definition.
IPB is a systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and
environment in a specific geographic area. It is designed to support
staff estimates and military decision making. Applying the IPB process
helps the commander selectively apply and maximize his combat power
at critical points in time and space on the battlefield by--
• Determining the threat's likely COA.
• Describing the environment your unit is operating within and the
effects of the environment on your unit.

IPB is a continuous process which consists of four steps which you perform
each time you conduct IPB:
• Define the battlefield environment. –Conclusions about
Terrain
• Describe the battlefield's effects. - Conclusions about
Terrain / Civilians
• Evaluate the threat. – Doctrinal Template / Pattern analysis
• Determine threat COAs. – Situational Template
INTEL – B1
 STEP 1: DEFINE THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Definition: Identifying for further analysis specific features of the environment or

activities within it, and the physical space where they exist, that may influence
available COAs or the commander's decisions.

How to do it:
• Identify the significant characteristics of the environment
• Identify the limits of the area of operations (AO)
• Establish the limits of the area of interest (AI)
• Identify gaps in current intelligence holdings
• Identify the amount of detail required and feasible within the time available for IPB
• Collect the material and intelligence required to conduct the remainder of IPB

*Success results in saving time and effort by focusing only on those areas and
features which will influence COAs and command decisions.

Products: Graphical depiction of the AO/AI

INTEL – B2
 STEP 1: DEFINE THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Mission Times Base the limits of AI on the ability of the threat to project TTP: CAR
(IAW 34-130) power into the AO. C: CAS – FW and RW
CMD AI (Hours) Consider the geographical locations of other activities or A: Artillery – FA and MTR
BN Up to 12 charac-teristics of environment which might influence R: Reinforcements – CATK,
BDE Up to 24 COAs or the commander’s decisions. RES
DIV Up to 72 Consider anticipated future mission - BPT or On-Order
CORPS Up to 96 Consider changes in battlespace as a result of maneuver Discuss when and where
(Triggers)

Based on threat’s mobility, both ground and air, but also time needed to accomplish the mission
INTEL – B3
 STEP 2: DESCRIBE ENVIRONMENT’S EFFECTS ON
OPERATIONS
Definition: The determination of how the battlefield environment
affects both threat and friendly operations.

How to do it:
• Analyze the Battlefield Environment
–Terrain Analysis (OAKOC)
–Weather Analysis (visibility, winds, precipitation, cloud cover,
temperature and humidity)
–Analysis of other characteristics of the battlefield (The Population
(ASCOPE)
• Describe the battlefield’s effects on threat and friendly capabilities
and COAs

*Success results in the commander quickly choosing and exploiting

the terrain that best supports the friendly mission, and also identifies
the set of threat COAs available within a given geographical area.
Products: GTAO, Weather effects chart, population status overlay,
activities and association matrix, trap map, link diagrams,

INTEL – B4
 TERRAIN ANALYSIS (OAKOC)
Observation and Fields of Fire:
–Helps identify: Potential engagement areas, defensible terrain and equipment positions, and
locations where maneuvering forces are most vulnerable to threat observation and fires.

Avenues of Approach:
–Identify and categorize Mobility Corridors (where a force is canalized due to terrain restrictions),
then group mobility corridors to form AAs, evaluate and prioritize AAs.

Key Terrain:
–Any locality or area the seizure, retention, or control of which affords a marked advantage to
either combatant. Examples of key terrain in the defense include; terrain which permits the
defender to cover an obstacle by fire, or important road junctions or communications centers.

Obstacles:
–Helps identify: pertinent obstacles in the AI, the effect of each obstacle on the mobility of the
evaluated force, and combines their individual effects into an integrated product.
–Obstacle Categories: Reinforcing (tactical and protective), Existing (natural and manmade)
–Terrain Classifications are evaluated as Unrestricted, Restricted, or Severely Restricted.

Cover and Concealment:

–Helps identify: AAs, defensible terrain and potential battle positions, and potential assembly and
dispersal areas using a thorough analysis of Line of Sight (LOS) and Inter-visibility (IV) Lines.

Additional Considerations: Vegetation, Surface Soil, Drainage, Slope, Transportation (LOC),

Canopy
**The goal is sound deductions that allow for effective EN and FR operational planning**

INTEL – B5
 Enemy OAKOC Friendly
Where can’t he go? OBSTACLES Where can’t I go?
- Existing vs. Reinforcing
- Tactical vs. Protective
- Unrestricted / Restricted / Severely
Where can he go? Restricted Where can I go?
AVENUES OF
APPROACH
- Mobility corridors
- Mounted vs. Dismounted
Where does he want to Where do I want to go?
KEY TERRAIN
go? - Offers a marked advantage

Where can he see / shoot? Where can I see /

OBSERVATION / shoot?
FIELDS OF FIRE
- Max effective range - Plunging vs. Grazing fire - Probability of hit / kill

Where can’t he be shot? COVER AND Where can’t I be shot?

CONCEALMENT
Where can’t he be seen? Where can’t I be seen?
- Penetration effects INTEL – B6
Typical Widths of
Mobility Corridors
DOCTRINAL CORRIDOR WIDTH
DIV = 6KM
IAW 34-130 APP B (P B17)
BDE = 3KM
BN = 1.5KM 700 M
CO = 500 M
500 M
PLT = 250 M*
525 M

OBJ
500 M
600 M 625 M

500 M

Maximum Distance Between Mobility Corridors (Group Mobility Corridors to Form Avenues of Approach)
Ave of Approach Mobility Corridor Max Distance Between Mobility Corridors
Division Brigade or RGT 10 KM
Red – Threat
Brigade or RGT Battalion 6 KM
Battalions Company 2 KM
Company Platoon 1 KM*
Blue–Friendly
INTEL – B7
 UO ENVIRONMENT

FIGHTING OCCURS Super-Surface

IN THREE
DIMENSIONS:
• GROUND LEVEL Intra-Surface
(STREET AND 1ST
FLOOR OF BLDGS)
• ABOVE GROUND
(UPPER STORIES,
TOWERS)
Surface
• BELOW GROUND/
SUBTERRANEAN
(BASEMENTS,
SEWERS,
SUBWAYS)

Sub-Surface
INTEL – B8
 URBAN CHARACTERISTICS

OUT-LYING CITY CORE

HIGH RISE

OUT-LYING
CITY CORE
INDUSTRIAL
AREA CORE
PERIPHERY

COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL
RIBBON SPRAWL

INTEL – B9
 STREET PATTERNS AND EFFECTS
Shape Street Pattern Effect

Rectangular Streets are grid-like, with parallel streets intersected by

perpendicular streets.

Rayed Streets that fan out at various angles from a given focal point
and through less than 360.

Primary thoroughfares radiate out from a central point. These streets

Radial may be extended outward 360 around the central point or within an
arc from a point along a natural barrier, such as a coastline.
Loops or rings are surrounded by successively larger ones.
Radial-Ring Usually found in conjunction with larger radial patterns. Radial
rings incorporates the elements of both radial and
ring/concentric designs.
Contour Pronounced terrain relief influences construction of road-ways
Forming along lines of elevation. Primary streets run parallel to contour
lines, with intersecting roads connecting them.
Irregular street patterns have been specifically engineered without

. Irregular
Pattern
geometric patterns for aesthetic or functional reasons. An American
subdivision with curving streets and cul-de-sacs is an example.

Combined Any combination of the above and is best demonstrated by the

Pattern development of high rise and business districts in Medieval or
pre-Medieval cities.

Linear A primary thoroughfare radiates down the center with buildings

Pattern on either side. American strip malls and main shopping districts
are patterned this way for ease and convenience.

INTEL – B10
 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
MASS
CONSTRUCTION
 Built
in place using brick, block, or
poured -in- place concrete
 Wallscan be prefabricated and “tilt-
up” or reinforced-concrete panels
 Canbe prefabricated and
assembled like boxes

FRAMED
CONSTRUCTION
 Supported by a skeleton of
columns and beams
 Usually taller than frameless
buildings
 Exterior walls are not load
bearing
INTEL – B11
 BUILDING DESIGN
 Does the purpose of a building affect its layout?
 What are some general assumptions you can make about the interior
design and furniture of the following:
• Office buildings (Private, Government, Embassies…)
• Police stations
• Restaurants
• Stores
• Apartments / Homes
• Barracks (open bay vs. rooms)
• Factories / Mills / Utilities
 How might these assumptions affect small-unit TTPs for clearing?
 Avoid assumptions that are so specific that they might disrupt a certain
COA if they turn out to be false

INTEL – B12
 WEATHER ANALYSIS
1. Visibility: Low visibility (<3Km) favors attacker. Limits employment of aircraft, aerial sensors,
airborne forces. May canalize attacking forces onto well defined Avenues of Approach.
BMNT, SR, SS, EENT, MR, MS
2. Wind: Speed and direction of surface and altitude winds favor upwind forces
Upwind force generally has better visibility. Speed and direction have significant impact
on smoke and NBC Operations
3. Precipitation: Rain and snow can combine with chemicals to create “Hot Spots” in low-lying
areas. Light rain can distribute chem more evenly and create higher vapor
concentrations.
Trafficability can be effected. Snow can reduce effectiveness of mines and indirect fires
4. Cloud Cover: Altitude of cloud cover influences aviation operations. Can reduce illum and
visibility. Can effect laser guided munitions (e.g... copperhead, hellfire). Greater than
70% cloud cover creates neutral gradient conditions which favor smoke and chemical
5. Temperature and Humidity: Personnel and equipment performance. Air density affects
smoke operations and aircraft payloads. Potential for civil disorder (most riots occur
during hot weather seasons)
Temperature Inversion A layer of cooler air is trapped near the ground by a layer of warmer air above.
During a Temperature Inversion, often following BMNT, it is possible to rapidly cover a very large area with
dense smoke. Non-Persistent Chemical (NPCHEM) agents also take longer to dissipate during a
Temperature Inversion

Thermal Crossover During Thermal Crossover the thermal device does not have the capability to detect the
target A difference in temperature or thermal contrast is required for these devices to detect a target May
occur when the morning sun strikes a target or on cloudy adverse weather days

INTEL – B13
 IPB: CIVILIAN CONSIDERATIONS

Civil considerations comprise the manmade infrastructure,

civilian institutions, and attitudes and activities of the
civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an
area of operations influence the conduct of military
operations (FM 6-0). They include the population
of an area and information about it. Factors of interest
include the gender and mix of the populace; the cultural,
religious, and socio-economic beliefs and thinking; and the
beliefs, attitudes, and actions of groups and individuals.

INTEL – B14
 CIVILIAN CONSIDERATIONS (CONT)

• ASCOPE
• Areas (key locations)
• Structures (Civil services / infrastructure)
• Capabilities (LN ability to sustain the pop and
infrastructure
• Organizations (LN groups / OGO+NGO)
• People (the LN in the AO)
• Events (LN events, harvest, holidays, elections,
ETC

INTEL – B15
 CIVILIAN CONSIDERATIONS: “ASCOPE”
AREAS: Use OAKOC from a civilian perspective. Examples are; Areas defined by political boundaries such as
districts, Areas defined by social, religious, or tribal boundaries, Locations of governments centers, Social, political,
religious or criminal enclaves, Agricultures and mining regions, Trade routes, Possible sites for displaced civilian or other
civil functions

STURCTURES: Use SWEAT-MS (sewer, water, electricity, academics, trash, medical, services), also consider
bridges, communications towers, power plants and dams. Infrastructure

CAPABILITES: View in terms of those required to save, sustain, and enhance life in that priority. Can refer to ability
of local authorities of the host nation, aggressor nation, or some other body to provide a populace with key functions or
services, such as public administration, public safety (police, fire, EMS), Economics, Security and commerce

ORGANIZATIONS: non military, Military, Militia groups in the AO which influence and interact with the population,
the force, and each other. Some are indigenous to the area and may include churches, fraternal organizations, patriotic or
service organizations, labor unions. Can include UN, NGO, and OGO. Include both Political and Social groups and
impacts.

PEOPLE: describes the nonmilitary personnel encountered by military forces. They can impact mission individually or
collectively. Consider historical, cultural, ethnic, political, economic, and humanitarian factors. Identify Key players (sphere
of influence) and any links between groups. How do we affect the Information of the people. Look for the NODES
(person, place, thing that is fundamental component of the system) and LINKS (the behavioral, physical, functional
relationship between the nodes. Can Produce a Population Center MCOO which highlights = TRIBE, ETHNIC,
ECONOMIC, RELIGIIOUS, AND POLITICAL PARTY AREAS .

EVENTS: routine, cyclical, planned or spontaneous activates that significantly affect organizations,
people, and military operations. National / Religious holidays, elections, agricultural cycles,
celebrations, natural and manmade disasters,

INTEL – B16
 IPB: CIVILIAN CONSIDERATIONS
POC: A Co. FSO/Co
TOWN: Wadi-al Tarif UNIT: A/x-xx IN CDR DTG: 201900 MAR04    

           

SYSTEM ISSUE ACTIONS STATUS CONTACT PROMISED DUE DATE

There is not evident issue Sheik

SEWAGE with the sewage
N/A N/A
Asim
21-Mar-04

CATA Conducted a water ROCK6 provided a Water Buffalo to town by

test, result positive. The supply of water 1st PLT, waiting estimate
sheik stated that their temporally with Water and status from CATA of 21 Mar 04 water Buffalo
Sheik
WATER was problem with the Buffalo. CATA will expected repair date
Asim
Delivered Waiting date
pipes submit a project for estimate
request for repair to
water pipes.

Generator in town but Rock 6 promises to Rock 6 called BN

INOP. bring mechanics to requesting Gen. Mechanic
assess the condition of to WAT on 22 Mar 04 and 22 Mar 04 for
ELECTRICITY the generator. Looking requested back-up Mayor
Assessment
into back up generator. Generator

School damaged, no 1st PL w/CAT-A CAT-A TM Ldr submitted

school supplies. conducted assessment proposal for repair to 23 Mar 04 more school
School
ACADEMICS and issued 100 Dinar school to BDE admin
supplies, no promise on
for school supplies school repair

Trash build up in streets FSO/CAT-A request list Mayor owes proposed list
of local personnel to of workers and est. cost to
25 Mar 04 hire locals and
TRASH hire, Rock 6 will FSO on 22 Mar 04. Truck Mayor
pay weekly.
provide truck in made first trash run 21 Mar
meantime. 04.

Unemployment issues Meeting with mayor First step, in process of

causing protest. and local key leaders hiring for trash pick-up. Key 25 Mar meeting w/key
EMPLOYMENT on 25 Mar to create leaders leaders
jobs.

Not enough doctors to Battalion PA w/FSO to Conducting assessment on

handle work load, no conduct assessment 22 mar 04
MEDICAL immunizations for on 22 Mar.
Doctor 22-Mar-04
children.

Population states that Increase in Combat

SECURITY terrorist presence does
exist in AO
and Reconnaissance
Patrols
INTEL – B17
 STEP 3: EVALUATE THE THREAT

Definition: The determination of threat force capabilities and the

doctrinal principles and TTP threat forces prefer to employ.

How to do it:
• Update or create Threat Models
–Convert threat doctrine or patterns of operation to graphics (doctrinal templates)
–Description of the threat’s tactics and options
–Identify High Value Targets
–Other Considerations (Threat Composition, Disposition, Strength, Training Level, or
Logistics)
• Identify Threat Capabilities
–Description/Narrative of the broad COAs and supporting operations (accounting for all
WFF) which the threat can take to influence the friendly mission.

*Success results in Threat COAs developed in the next step of IPB

accurately reflect what the threat is and is not capable of and
trained to do in similar situations.

Products: Doctrinal Template

INTEL – B18
 STEP 3: EVALUATE THE THREAT

Enemy Analysis
Another method…
Who What When Where Why

Is Are their Do they Have they Do they

attacking? objectives? emplace attacked? Attack
Organizing Methods? ? Will they coalition
?
Examples:
Techniques Attack? attack in the ?
Directing?
Emplacers ? Examples:
Future? Locals?
Builders Examples: Day Do they Examples:
Financiers RCIED Night store? Personal
Triggermen Complex Before/ Assemble? gain
Baited ambush after Get supplies? Money
clearing Examples: Power
Previous Revenge
attacks INTEL – B19
 STEP 3: EVALUATE THE THREAT - INSURGENCY
• Developing population status overlays showing potential hostile areas.

• Developing an understanding of how each insurgent organization operates and is

organized.
• Determining primary operating or staging areas.

• Determining mobility corridors and escape routes.

• Determining the most likely targets.

• Determining where the threat’s logistic facilities are located and how their support
organizations operate.
• Determining the level of popular support (active and passive).

• Determining the recruiting techniques and methods of each insurgent organization.

• Locating neutrals and those actively opposing these organizations.

• Using pattern analysis and other tools to establish links between each insurgent
organization and other organizations.
• Determining the underlying social, political, ideological, and economic issues that
caused the insurgency and that are continuing to cause the members of the organization as well as elements of
the population to support it.

INTEL – B20
 Recruiting
local or
NETWORK DIAGRAM
foreign?
Both? Supplies
Populace come from
perceptions? where?

Recruiter
s
Supplies
Informati
on
Operatio
ns /
Influence Current
Cache ENY TTPs
Leaders / Keeper
Organize s Ambush
rs
Where am
Attacker
CELL s
I
vulnerable
Where is the
money ?
Pay-
coming from? men
Financier IED
s

ENY TTPs

Expert /
Professiona
l / Training
What does the enemy look Who I
like? building
the IEDs?
Are attacks How can he hurt me?
becoming
more
sophisticated
How can I hurt him?
?

INTEL – B21
 EVALUATE THE THREAT - INSURGENCY

FM 3-07, Appendix D
INTEL – B22
 THREAT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Desire Political
Visualizing the DPE Endstate
(Strategic)
Insurgency

Supporting
Purposes
(Operational)

Resources

TTPs
(Tactical)
Organization/ Structure
INTEL – B23
 THREAT SOURCE OF POWER

In
ce sp
e n i re
In flu
Power Base

Population Population
ers Lo
iz
a th g is
m p tic
Sy

Re
cru tel
its In
Auxiliary
Population Population
INTEL – B24
 CONVENTIONAL COG COIN COG Analysis
ANALYSIS
THE OBJECTIVE IN CONVENTIONAL WAR IS THE OBJECTIVE IN COIN IS TO DENY INSURGENTS
DESTROYING OR DEFEATING YOUR OPPONENT. ACCESS TO THE POPULATION

COG Force’s main internal strength. The main striking COIN COG Aspect of the population or person; which is the
force given the mission. (e.g. Sunni Arabs) source of strength, or strength, that is needed to accomplish
OP OBJ (e.g. Sunni Arabs)

Critical Capability (CC) is an action ( verb) that the Center COG Enabler (CGE) is a thing or person/s (noun) that the
of Gravity does (e.g. Provide Passive or active support, Force needs to get, maintain, or sway the Center of Gravity
Destabilize) (e.g. “IO campaign,” “the influence of local Sunni leaders”,
“Mosques for Indoctrination.”)

Critical Requirements (CRs) are resources, conditions, or Principal Facilitator (PF) are actions or things (verbs and/or
means (noun) needed by the nouns) used by the force to utilize, acquire, develop, or
COG (ME) to accomplish its Critical Capability (actions) access the CGE. (i.e. “use techs for IO (websites, etc),”
“bribe/coerce local Sunni leaders,” “obtain support of
Imam”)

Critical Vulnerability (CV) are those aspects or Counter Facilitators (CF) are actions (verbs) of WHAT to
components of the Critical Requirement, that are do to neutralize the Principal Facilitator.
deficient, or vulnerable to neutralization or defeat in a way (i.e. “build company and hire techs,” “engage or protect
that will contribute to a Center of Gravity failing to local Sunni leaders,” “Iraqi Government engages local
achieve its Critical Capability. (?????) Imam”)

Operation WHAT to do (???????). Operation HOW to do it (e.g. “fund Iraqis to build,” “MNF-I
CMO,” “how to engage Imam,” “train Iraqi PSD/security”)
INTEL – B25
 STEP 4: DETERMINE THREAT COURSE OF
ACTION

Definition: The identification and development of likely threat

COAs that will influence accomplishment of the friendly mission.
How to do it:
• Identify the threat’s likely objectives and desired end state
–Discussed for the threat command at least one above your own and repeat the
process to include all subordinate commands down to two levels below your own.
• Identify the full set of COAs available to the threat
–Consider: the threat’s doctrine applied to the current situation, the ‘wildcard’ COA that
the threat is capable of, and the threat’s COAs indicated by recent activities and
events.
• Evaluate and Prioritize each COA
• Develop each COA in the amount of detail time allows.
• Identify initial friendly collection requirements
*Success results in appropriate Threat COAs which can drive the
wargaming process and development of friendly COAs, as well as
creating an environment where the friendly Cdr avoids being
surprised with an unanticipated threat action during execution.
Products: Situational Template
INTEL – B26
 DEVELOPING A THREAT COURSE OF ACTION
A threat COA has three #1 Narrative description of the threat’s COA
including identification of his decisive point, task
components: and purpose for decisive and shaping efforts,
1. A written description of the purposes of his WFF elements and
COA and the enemy’s options reserve/CATK forces, and the threat
for that COA commander’s desired end state.
2. A High Value Target (HVT)
List
#2 High Value Targets:
•KMT -5 (Roller); KMT -8 (plow); MTU-20 (Bridge)
3. A Situational Template* •DIM (Mine detector); MTK-2( Mine Clearer)
(DOCTRINAL TEMPLATE +
GTAO = SITEMP)
•ID the Decisive Effort for that H-4 H-3 H-2

COA #3
•Ensure analysis and
graphical representation of all
supporting WFF assets
supporting that COA
* See Annex B FM 34-130 for OBJ
SITEMP Standards

INTEL – B27
DEVELOPING A THREAT COURSE OF ACTION

Pg. B-8

INTEL – B28
 EVENT TEMPLATING

1. Start with Situation Template

2. Determine Time Phase Lines (TPLs) and Mobility Corridors
3. Determine where events will occur that differentiates between EN COAs (these become NAIs)
4. Determine what action confirms or denies a particular EN COA (Indicators)
5. Determine when events will occur (NET/NLT)

EVENT MATRIX (S2) RECON & SURVEILLANCE MATRIX (S3)

NAI LOCATION EN COA INDICATOR NET/ PRIORITY PRIMARY/ CONFIRMATION REMARKS

NLT ALTERNATE
H+30
1 1 Bridging H+1.5
FL 123456
Operations

H+1.5
2 1 Armor H+2
FL 123456
Assets

H+45
3 2 Bridging H=1.5
FL 123456
Operations

INTEL – B29
 EVENT TEMPLATING (SAMPLE)
H HOUR H + 36 H + 45 H + 60

NAI #2

NAI #1

EA SMASH

NAI #3

INTEL – B30
 IPB TEMPLATE MATRIX
DOCTRINAL SITUATIONAL EVENT DECISION SUPPORT
MCOO
TEMPLATE TEMPLATE TEMPLATE TEMPLATE

OBSTACLES TO GROUND
MOVEMENT X
TERRAIN
CLASSIFICATION X
OBJECTIVES/CONTROL
MEASURES X X

AVENUES OF APPROACH
MOBILITY CORRIDORS X X X

KEY TERRAIN X
ALL ENEMY UNITS (BOS) X
ENEMY UNITS ON
AVENUES OF APPROACH X

TIME PHASE LINES X X X

NAMED AREAS OF
INTEREST X
TARGETED AREAS OF
INTEREST X

DECISION POINTS X INTEL – B31

 DEFINITION OF CCIR & EEFI

• CCIR: Commander’s Critical Information Requirements – consist of PIR

and FFIR
• Priority intelligence requirements (PIR) are those IR which are crititical
to the accomplishment of your mission essential tasks and support
decisions the commander will make during the course of the battle.
Wargaming will dictate which IRs will become PIRs as the mission runs its
course.

• Friendly force information requirements (FFIR).

– Information about his or adjacent unit capabilities.
– How I see myself.*

• Essential elements of friendly information (EEFI).

– Information needed to protect friendly forces from the enemy’s
information gathering systems.

INTEL – B32
COMMANDER’S CRITICAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS

CCIR
(What I Need To Make Decisions)

FFIR PIR
Friendly Force Priority Information
Information Requirements
Requirements

How CDR sees How CDR sees

the BCT/TF the enemy

Information the CDR Questions that positively

must have to make must be answered in order
informed & timely (not to accomplish the mission
perfect) decisions

EEFI
Essential Elements of Friendly
Information

How CDR prevents the

enemy from seeing the
BCT/TF

Attempt to discern what

information is essential to
the enemy in order to
defeat the BCT/TF
FM 3-0, 11-39 –11-
42 INTEL – B33
 TARGETING METHODOLOGY

• The targeting process, often referred to as D3A, comprises the

following four activities:
– Decide which targets to engage
– Detect the targets
– Deliver (conduct the operation)
– Assess the effects of the operation

• Effective targeting identifies the targeting options, both lethal and

nonlethal, to achieve effects that support the commander’s
objectives. Lethal targets are best addressed with operations to
capture or kill; nonlethal targets are best engaged with CMO, IO,
negotiation, political programs, economic programs, social programs
and other noncombat methods. In COIN nonlethal targets are usually
more important than lethal targets; they are never less important.
FM 3-24 p. 5-29

INTEL – B34
 TARGETING METHODOLOGY
Lethal Effects Non-Lethal Effects
Harass Inform
Warn
Influences
Suppress Disorganize
Disrupt Isolate
The Deliver Force Neutralize Co-opt
Destroy Deceive
• Fire Support
• Mortars ASSESS
• Maneuver Force
• CAS
XO Psyops What • IPB
• Attack Helicopter
S-2 CA and • Intent
• EW
S-3 PA Who • Mxn
• Psyops DELIVER DECIDE
FSO MP
to • Plan
• Civil Affairs CDR SJA
Attack • I/O
• Public Affairs Chaplain
Themes
• Electronic Warfare
• Military Police
• BiLats
• I/O Themes
DETECT
• I/O Messages • UAS • Patrols
• Psyops • Q-36/Shell Reps
• Civil Affairs • IEW Assets R & S Plan
• Public Affairs • FO
• Electronic Warfare • Scouts
• Military Police/CID • Helicopters
INTEL – B35
 TARGETING TERMINOLOGY
• Target selection standards (TSS) address accuracy or other specific criteria
that must be met before targets can be attacked
• The attack guidance matrix (AGM), approved by the commander, addresses
which targets will be attacked, how, when, and the desired effects
• The high-payoff target list (HPTL) is a prioritized list of high-payoff targets
(HPTs) whose loss to the enemy will contribute to the success of the friendly
course of action
• The intelligence collection plan answers the commander’s PIRs, to include
those HPTs designated as PIR. The plan, within the availability of additional
collection assets, supports the acquisition of more HPTs. Determining the
intelligence requirements is the first step in the collection management process
FM 6-20-10 p. 2-7 to 2-9

• A measure of performance (MOP) is a criterion to assess friendly actions that

is tied to measuring task accomplishment (JP 1-02). MOPs answers the
question, Was the task or action performed as the commander intended?
• A measure of effectiveness (MOE) is a criterion used to assess changes in
system behavior, capability, or operational environment that is tied to measuring
the attainment of an end state, achievement of an objective, or creation of an
effect (JP 1-02). MOEs focus on the results or consequences of actions. MOEs
answer the question, Are we achieving results that move us towards the desired
end state, or are additional or alternative actions required?
FM 3-24 p. 5-27
INTEL – B36
TARGETING AND THE MDMP

FM 5-0 p. H-2 INTEL – B37

 HVTs VS. HPTs

• High-value target (HVT) - assets the the threat

commander requires for the successful completion of a
specific COA.
• High-payoff target (HPT) - target whose loss to the threat
will contribute to the success of the friendly COA.
• HVTs may become HPTs.
• Order targets according to importance, by phase

INTEL – B38
 EXAMPLE TARGETING SYNCHRONIZATION MATRIX

EXAMPLE
LETHAL
DECIDE DETECT DELIVER ASSESS
CATEGORY / UNIT / UNIT / Follow Up
TGT # TARGET LOCATION ASSET WHEN ASSET TASK WHEN PURPOSE Unit Measures Action
Conduct In order to 1) MTR / IED Cell detained CMO reparations for any
3 SMALL A CO/
MORTAR Cordon and prevent or destroyed collateral damage, IO campaign
BUILDINGS THT / A CO/ Eng Sqd/
CELL W/ 16 MAR search to 16 MAR attacks 2) IED & MTR Caches in the AO reference terrorist
323 VIC A Co Eng Sqd Psyop/
CONNECT TO detain or against the seized and destroyed indiscriminate killing of civilians,
VQ8882 CA
IED AND DA destroy coalition 3) Decrease in Attacks determine supporters and
4175 
CELL MTR / IED linkages to local community.
Cell. Seize
caches

NON-LETHAL
DECIDE DETECT DELIVER ASSESS
CATEGORY / UNIT / UNIT / Follow Up
TGT # TARGET LOCATION ASSET WHEN ASSET TASK WHEN PURPOSE Unit Measures Action
ACO/
MAYOR’S A Co 16 MAR BN 17 MAR IOT solicit A Co / 1) Mayor influences IP CMO projects provided and give
MAYOR & Conduct
Surveill / CDR / support for BN CDR/ support credit to the mayor.
CHIEF OF meeting with
OFFICE Secure BN S5 joint THT TM 2) Mayor provides either IO campaign reference support the
POLICE Mayor &
operations actionable information or police.
324 MEETING Chief of
and gain sources Follow up on any intel or sources
Police
source 3) Police cooperate and provided.
information conduct joint patrols and Police professionalism training
TCPs   and equipping 

INTEL – B39
 ISR OPERATIONS

Fill Information gaps

Why ISR? Enable Targeting

Answer the CCIR

Reconnaissance
How ISR? - Precursor to all operations
- Combined-arms maneuver operation
- Designed to gain information on the
enemy or a particular area by: Reconnaissance Guidance
- Passive surveillance
Surveillance - Technical means FOCUS
- Systematic observation
- Human interaction
of an NAI or TAI by:
- Fighting for information
- Visual TEMPO
- Electronic
- Photographic
- Other means
ENGAGEMENT
CRITERIA
Methods
of R & S
1. Dismounted
Fundamentals 2. Mounted Fundamentals of
of Surveillance 3. Aerial Reconnaissance Forms of
4. Sensor
1. Maximize surveillance
assets
1. Orient on the Recon OBJ Reconnaissance
2. Maximize Recon Assets 1. Route
2. Maintain continuous 3. Gain & Maintain Contact 2. Area
surveillance of all assigned 4. Develop the Situation 3. Zone
NAIs. 5. Report all Information
3. Report all information Rapidly and Accurately
rapidly and accurately. 6. Retain Freedom of Maneuver INTEL – B40
 RECONNAISSANCE GUIDANCE

Reconnaissance Guidance

Focus Tempo Engagement Criteria

•Threat. •Stealthy or forceful. Aggressive or discrete

•Society. Stealthy=undetected and Aggressive=broad based
•Infrastructure (political minimize contact engagement criteria
situation, facilities, food Forceful=prepared to engage Discrete =minimal engagement
distribution). threat and not concerned criteria
•Terrain (bridges, routes, about
defensible terrain). being observed •What are the rules of engagement
•What reconnaissance •Deliberate or rapid (ROE)?
critical tasks are conducted Speed versus Detail •What is the brigade's fight? (What
or deleted? triggers the commitment of brigade
assets?)
•What is a squadron fight? (What
triggers the commitment of squadron
assets?)
•What is a troop fight?
•What weapon system is used to
engage what target type?

INTEL – B41
 PUSH: PULL:
• The commander and staff begins work on • In Reconnaissance-Pull, the commander refrains
one or more COAs with the intent of refining from committing to a COA until the recon reports
them as the recon reports information information on the most tactically advantageous way
• MDMP Completed to maneuver
• Exploits the enemy’s weaknesses and vulnerabilities
• MDMP not detailed
• Enemy situation not fully understood
• Commander Directs a single COA • Time available for MDMP
• Allows planning with real-time intelligence vs.
assumptions

FORMS OF SECURITY SCREEN

provides early warning to the protected force but the least
• Screen amount of protection of any security mission.
• Guard Is defensive in nature and largely accomplished by establishing
a series of OPs and conducting dismounted and aerial
• Cover patrols to ensure adequate surveillance.
• Local Security
Depth:
• Area Security
Allows for threat contact to be passed from one element to
another without displacing.
Prevents the threat from easily identifying and penetrating the
screen
Prevents gaps from occurring when Ops displace or are
destroyed
Facilitates the destruction of enemy reconnaissance elements
without comprimising critical OPs

Area security is a security GUARD

operation conducted to
protect friendly forces, May be offensive or defensive in nature and differs from the screen in
installations, routes, that the guard force must fight the threat to gain time and allow
and actions within a freedom of maneuver for the protected force.
specified area. A guard is appropriate when:
Area security is conducted to – Contact is expected
deny the threat the COVER – There is an exposed flank or a threat force to the rear
ability to influence A form of security operation whose primary task is to protect the main – The protected force is conducting a retrograde operation
friendly actions in a body by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting
specific area or to – There is a requirement for greater protection than a
information and preventing enemy ground observation of and
deny the threat use of direct fire against the main body. screen
an area for its own Unlike a screening force, the covering force is a self-contained force 3 types of Guard operations
purposes. capable of operating independently of the main body. – Advance
Area Security Tasks: A Cover is appropriate when: – Flank
Area, route, and/or • The situation must be developed earlier with the – Rear Guard
zone reconnaissance protected force beyond the range of enemy indirect
Screen fires.
Offensive and • The protected force requires more time and/or
defensive tasks (within maneuver space than provided by a guard.
capabilities) • There are sufficient resources to support both the
Convoy Security cover and the decisive operation.
High-value asset • Shaping operations require deceiving, disorganizing,
security and destroying the threat forces.
• A tactical pause is required for friendly forces to
transition or reorganize
INTEL – B42
HBCT RECON SQUADRON

Squadron M3 M1114
Roll up (CFV) w/LRAS

HHT (1) 2 0
RECON 7 10
Troops (3)
TOTALS 23 30

FKSM 71-8, NOV 08, A-15 INTEL – B43

SBCT RECON SQUADRON

Squadron CV/RV/FSV/ UAS Prophet

Roll up MEV/NBC-R
HHT (1) 10
D Troop 3 4 3
RECON 16
Troops
(3)
TOTALS 61

FKSM 71-8, NOV 08, A-29 INTEL – B44

 IBCT RECON SQUADRON

Squadron Javelin HMMWV Mortar

TO
Roll up w/LRAS s
W
HHT (1) 0 0 0 0
Motorized 6 3 10 2
Troops (2)
Dismounted 0 12 0 2
Troops (1)
TOTALS 12 18 20 4

FKSM 71-8, NOV 08, A-22 INTEL – B45

 UAS CAPABILITIES

HUNTER: RAVEN:
• Time on station /Range -- 12 hours @ 70 kts •Time on station /Range – 80 minutes @ 60mph
• Range – 100 nm / 15,000’ ceiling •Range – 10 km / 15,000’ ceiling
• Launch and Recovery – 2,500’ hard surf. •Launch by hand / Brigade Level Asset
• Primarily imagery (EO & IR) / (weapons capability is pending) •Can fly preprogrammed GPS routes or hand-flown

SHADOW: PREDATOR:
•Baseline of 12 hour operations per 24 hour period. Has capability • Time on station /Range -- 24 hours @ 60-130 mph
to surge for 18 hours within a 24 hour period for no more than three • Range – 400 nm / 25,000’ ceiling
days (the next day only 8 hours) • Launch and Recovery – 5,000’ hard surf.
•Take-off and landing from a 100 m x 50 m size area (Soccer Field) • Recon, target acquisition, laser designation, weapon firing, imagery
•Has a 50 km range with 4-hour on station endurance
•Automated landing system Airspace Control Measures (ACM)
•EO/IR imagery payload for both day and night operations GCS with • Airspace Management principles apply to UAV operations
two operator positions; AV operator and mission payload operator • Difference between UAV and manned aircraft is that UAVs can not “see
• Nominal altitude is 8000-10000 ft AGL for Day operations; 6000- and avoid” so visual flight rules do not apply; ACMs are critical to
8000 ft AGL at night provide safe separation of all aircraft and avoid fratricide
• Nominal standoff to acquire targets is 3000 meters • ACMs include:
• Can launch and recover in crosswinds from 0 to 20 knots • Positive control (AWACs, radar control, etc.)
• Operate in moderate precipitation conditions (up to .2 inches per • Procedural control (ACAs, MRR, ROZ, etc.)
• ACMs for UAV
hour)
Limitations • Air Corridors for flight paths
•Unique operational signature; Launch/Recovery site has large • Restricted Operating Zones (ROZ)
signature and vulnerable to attack • Informal ACA (lateral, time, altitude, or combination thereof
separation)
•Limited operational capability; Not capable of 24 hour operations;
• UAV Blanket:
Crew Endurance guidelines are : Maximum duty day - 14 hrs;
Maximum flight time - 10 hrs - Most flexible and responsiveProcedural deconfliction
•Limited loiter time; At 50 km range only has 4 hour loiter time - Manned aircraft passing thru Blanket altitude
•Limited payload of 60 lbs follow “See and Avoid” principle or an informal, on-the-spot
•Altitude is limited to 15,000 ft MSL; vulnerable to ADA in high ACA
elevations - ROZ established on L/R, UAV follows Air Corridor to the
•Operates off of MOGAS blanket

INTEL – B46
 C. FIRES
C1: FIRE SUPPORTS SYSTEMS AVAILABLE BY BCT/DIVISION
C2-C3: ARTILLERY AND MORTAR CAPABILITIES
C4-C6: COUNTER-BATTERY RADAR SYSTEMS
C7: ROLES OF FIELD ARTILLERY
C8: ARTILLERY MUNITIONS
C9: KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
C10: RADAR ZONES
C11: CO CDR’S RESPONSIBILITIES IN FIRES PLANNING
C12-C14: FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES
C15: FPF SIZES / PLOT-CR
C16-C17: RISK ESTIMATED DISTANCES AND ECHELONING FIRES
C18: PLANNING UNIT BASIC LOADS
C19: FIRE SUPPORT RESPONSE TIMES
C20: FIRE SUPPORT PLANNING PROCESS
C21: FIRE SUPPORT TARGETING PROCESS
C22: ESSENTIAL FIRE SUPPORT TASK
C23: FIRE SUPPORT MISSION ANALYSIS
C24: TARGET LIST WORKSHEET
C25-C26: FIRE SUPPORT EXECUTION MATRIX
C27-C31: MUNITION EFFECTS C32-C46: CLOSE AIR SUPPORT
C47-C56: CLOSE COMBAT ATTACK

FIRES – C
 FIRE SUPPORT SYSTEMS AVAILABLE BY BCT/DIVISION
IBCT Division Airborne / Air Assault Division
105mm Towed Artillery(DS) MTRs 105mm Towed Artillery(DS) MTRs
x 16 per DS Bn per BDE x 16 per DS Bn per BDE
60mm 60mm
( 8 per battery) ( 8 per battery)
2 x CO 2 x CO
1 X Q36 AND 4 X ALCMR per BDE 1 X Q36 AND 4 X ALCMR per BDE

155mm Towed Artillery(GS) 155mm Towed Artillery(GS)

120 mm 120mm
x 6 ( one battery ) 4 at Bn 4 at Bn
x 6 ( one battery )
General Support to Div General Support to Div

HBCT Division SBCT

155mm SP Artillery(DS) MTRs 155mm Towed M198 Artillery MTRs
x 16 per DS Bn per BDE 60m
( 8 per battery) None x 12 per DS Bn per BDE m
at CO
1 x Q36, 1 x Q37, and 4 x ALCMR ( 4 per battery) 2x
Per BDE CO
MLRS (GS) 81m
120mm FA Battalion m
x 6 ( one battery ) 4 at Bn 4x
1 x Q-36 Radar
x 18 General Support to Div BN
1 x Q-37 Radar
120 – C1
FIRES
 ARTILLERY AND MORTAR CAPABILITIES HOWITZER CAPABILITIES
LIGHT INFANTRY: M119

PROJECTILE M119A1
APERS* DIRECT FIRE ONLY
HEP-T** DIRECT FIRE ONLY
MORTAR CAPABILITIES HE 11.5KM
APICM 11.5KM
PROJECTILE 60MM 81MM HE-RAP 19.1KM
120MM HC SMOKE 11.5KM
HE min 3490 5608 WP 11.5KM
7200 ILLUMINATION 11.5KM
max 70 83
200
ILLUM 3490 5100 *FLECHETTE RD; LIMITED SUPPLY
7100 **LIMITED SUPPLY; USED AGAINST LIGHT ARMORED VEHICLES AND BUNKERS
WP 3490 4500
7200 MAX/SUS RATE OF FIRE -- M119A1
RP N/A 4875
N/A 6 RNDS/MIN FOR 2 MIN THEN 3 RNDS/MIN
GAS N/A N/A FOR 30 MIN THEN 1 RND/MIN
N/A
CS N/A N/A
N/A HOWITZER CAPABILITIES
M109A6 (PALADIN)

PROJECTILE CHG8 CHG7W MAX RATE SUST

RATE
HE 18.1KM 14.7KM 4RDS/MIN FOR 1 RND/MIN
3 MIN FOR 60
RATES OF FIRE MIN THEN
.5
60MM -- MAX: 30 RNDS PER MIN RDS/MIN
SUST: 20 RNDS PER MIN UNLIMITED BB-DPICM 27.7 17.0
DPICM* 17.8 14.4
81MM -- MAX: 30 RNDS PER MIN M825 SMOKE 21.7 14.3
SUST: 15 RNDS PER MIN UNLIMITED COPPERHEAD*** 16.0 11.0
ADAM/RAAM** 17.7 14.6
120MM -- MAX: 16 RNDS PER MIN FOR 1 MIN ILLUMINATION 17.5 14.2
SUST: 4 RNDS PER MIN UNLIMITED HE-RAP 30.0 23.4
*CONTAINS 88 SUBMUNITIONS. EACH WILL PENETRATE 2.75” OF ARMOR
AND WILL PROCUCE ANTI-PERSONNEL FRAGMENTATION.

**FASCAM
***FOOT PRINT CONSIDERATIONS:
ANGLE “T” LESS THAN 800 MILS (45 DEGREES)
DISTANCE FROM LASER TO TARGET:
MOVING -- 3 KM
STATIONARY - 5KM
DISTANCE FROM HOWITZER TO TARGET: 16 KM

FIRES – C2
 ARTILLERY AND MORTAR CAPABILITIES
WEAPON RANGE (km) Number RATE RATE ILLUM SMOKE AVG.
Of OF OF AREA BUILDUP BURN
MAX DPICM ILLUM RAP Bomblets FIRE ILLUM (dia. TIME TIME
Sus/max Rds/min meters)
60mm 3.5 3.5 20/30 4 500m 1/2 min 1 min
M224 rds/min
81mm 4.8 3.9 8/25 2 360m 1/2 min 1 min
M29A1 rds/min
81mm 5.8 5.0 15/30 2 650m 1/2 min 1 min
M252 rds/min
107mm 6.8 5.5 3/9/18 1 800m 1/2 min 1 min
M30 rds/min
120mm 7.2 7.1 4/15 2 1500m 1/2 min 1 min
M120 rds/min
105mm 11.5 14.1 11.5 19.5 3/10 2 800m WP 1/2 min 1-1 1/2
M119A1 rds/min HC 1-1 1/2 3 min
155mm 18.3 18.0 17.5 30.1 2/4 1 1000m WP 1/2 min 1-1 1/2
M198 rds/min M825 1/2 5-10
155mm 18.2 17.9 17.5 30.0 1/4 1 1000m WP 1/2 min 1-1 1/2
M109A5/A6 rds/min M825 1/2 5-10
MLRS M26 Min: 10km Max: 32km 644 12 in 40
M270/270A1 ER Min: 13km Max: 45km 518 seconds
HIMARS 404
ATACMS BLK I Min: 25km Max: 165km 950
M270 IPDS/ BLK IA Min: 70km Max: 300km APAM
M270A1 BLK II Min: 35km Max: 140km 13 BATs
HIMARS

FIRES – C3
 AN/TPQ-36 CHARACTERISTICS

• Planning Ranges • Search sector: 225 - 1600 mils

Max Rg: 24 KM (Extended azimuth mode:
Min Rg: 750 M 6400 mil)
• V8 Planning Ranges
– 18 KM for Mortar • Emplacement: 9 min (V8)
– 14.5 KM for Arty
– 24 KM for RKT / MSL 15 min (V7)
• V7 Planning Ranges
– 12 KM Mortar / Arty • March order: 4 min (V8)
– 24 KM for RKT / MSL 10 min (V7)
• Crew: 6
– 3 HMMWV Section
• Transportation by Air
– External: CH-47D, UH-60
– Internal: C-130, C-141, C-17,
C-5
• Self-survey capability: Modular
azimuth positioning system
(MAPS)

FIRES – C4
 AN/TPQ-37 CHARACTERISTICS

• Max Rg: 50 KM • Search sector: 300 mils to 1600

mils
• Min Rg: 3 KM
• Emplacement: 30 min
• Planning ranges:
• March order: 15 min
30 KM for arty / mortar
• Crew: 12
50 KM for rocket / missile
• 2 x 5-Ton and 2 HMMWV
Section
• Transportation by Air:
– External: CH-47D
– Internal: C-130, C-141,
C-17, C-5
• Self-survey capability: MAPS
• Mortar Tape

FIRES – C5
 LIGHTWEIGHT COUNTER-MORTAR RADAR

• LCMR
• L-Band
• 360° (6400 mils) Coverage
• Range Coverage
– Max Range 6km Mortars
– Min Range 1 km

FIRES – C6
 ROLES OF FIELD ARTILLERY

• Close support: Targets in close proximity to a supported ground maneuver

force

• Interdiction: Delay, disrupt, destroy or divert enemy forces that cannot fire their
primary direct-fire weapon systems on friendly forces

• Counter fire: Employed against enemy fire support systems

• Counter fire: Employed against enemy fire support systems

– Observers (human and electronic)
– Fire support command and control facilities and communications links
– Fire direction centers
– Indirect-fire delivery systems
– Other targets that support enemy fire support (FS) systems

FIRES – C7
 ARTILLERY MUNITIONS
• HIGH EXPLOSIVE (HE)- Effective against personnel, bunkers, light material targets
• IMPROVED CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS (ICM)

– APICM / DPICM- Effective against personnel, armor

• SMOKE - Effective for screening, obscuration, marking,

• WHITE PHOSPHOROUS - Effective for screening, obscuration, marking, incendiary

• ILLUMINATION - Effective illuminating, marking

– Burn Time Mortars: 50-55 sec. 105mm: 60-75 sec. 155mm: 90-120 sec
• SPECIAL MUNITIONS
– ADAM / RAAM – Artillery delivered anti-personnel & anti-armor mines
– COPPERHEAD – Laser-guided artillery round
– SADARM – IR Heat seeking sub-munitions shaped penetrators provide top attack against armor targets
– EXCALIBUR – GPS guided weapons (HE/unitary, DPICM, SADARM); range to 40km
• Can be employed with various fuze options to achieve desired effect
– Point / Delay
– Mechanical Time
– Variable Time
• Rocket Assisted HE projectiles provide greater range

FIRES – C8
 KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Fire Planning is a continuous process, usually top-down driven or initiated, of planning and coordinating fire support
requirements. Central to the process is the development and execution of essential fire support tasks (EFSTs). Conceptually,
a fire plan is the logical sequence of executing EFSTs to support the concept of operation.
Targeting is the process of selecting targets and matching the response to them, taking account of operational requirements and
capabilities. It is a sub-process within the fire planning process specifically designed to manage only the DECIDE, DETECT,
DELIVER and ASSESS (D3A) functions. Targeting occurs within the MDMP when the battle staff is developing an operations
order (OPORD) (in this respect overlaying directly over many fire planning process functions) and occurs outside of the
MDMP once the plan is completed (in this respect validating previous D3A decisions while planning for future D3A decisions).
High Value Targets(HVT) are targets deemed important to the enemy commander for the successful accomplishment of his
mission. The loss of HVTs can be expected to contribute to a substantial degradation of an important enemy battlefield
function. HVTs may or may not become High Payoff Targets (HPTs).
High Payoff Targets (HPTs) are HVTs that must be successfully acquired and attacked to contribute substantially to the success
of friendly operations. They are developed on the basis of METT-T and are not dependent on the ability of the unit to acquire
or attack them.
Essential Fire Support Task. A task for fire support to accomplish that is required to support a combined arms operation. Failure
to achieve an EFST may require the commander to alter his tactical or operational plan. A fully developed EFST has a task,
purpose, method, and effects.
Concept of Fires. The logical sequence of EFSTs that integrated with the scheme of maneuver will accomplish the mission and
achieve the commander's intent. Allocates in broad terms the fire support assets to achieve the EFSTs. The concept of fires
is the basis of the fires paragraph.
Scheme of Fires. The detailed, logical sequence of targets and fire support events to find and attack the HPTs. It details how we
expect to execute the fire support plan in accordance with the time and space of the battlefield to accomplish the
commander's essential fire support tasks. The products of the fire support (FS) annex: fire support execution matrix (FSEM),
target list/overlay, and/or a modified target synchronization matrix (TSM) articulate the scheme of fires.

FIRES – C9
 RADAR ZONES
Critical Friendly Zones (CFZs)- An area, usually a friendly unit or location, that the maneuver commander designates as critical. It is
used to protect an asset whose loss would seriously jeopardize the mission. When the computer predicts that an enemy round will
impact in a CFZ, the computer will report the location of the weapon that fired the round in precedence ahead of any other
detection. Any location of a weapon firing into a CFZ will result in an immediate call for fire unless it is manually overridden by
the radar operator. The CFZ provides for the most responsive submission of targets to the fire support system. The CFZ is the
only zone that does not have to be in the search fan of the radar. Some examples where the commander may use CFZs are: battle
positions (BPs), passage points, breach points, air-assault/airborne LZs and PZs, forward scout positions, support by fire positions,
attack by fire positions, choke points along maneuver routes, and aviation forward arming and refueling point (FARPs).
Call for Fire Zones (CFFZs)- A CFFZ designates a search area forward of the FLOT that the maneuver commander wants suppressed,
neutralized, or destroyed. An area designated as a CFFZ would likely be on enemy fire support positions and is closely tied to
information developed during the IPB process and the HPTL. A CFFZ provides the second most responsive priority of request for
fire generated by the radar. A target identified in a CFFZ will generate an FM;CFF Priority 2 message. However, the commander
may upgrade this to a Priority 1 message for certain CFFZs. Some examples where a CFFZ may be used are: enemy mortar,
artillery groups, and missile positions.
Artillery Target Intelligence Zones (ATIZs)- An area in enemy territory that the maneuver commander wishes to monitor closely.
Any weapons acquired in this zone will be reported to the IFSAS/AFATDS computer ahead of any other target detection except
CFZ and CFFZ, but the detection will only result in a target report. Examples where an ATIZ could be used are the same as for a
CFFZ.
Censor Zones (CZs)- An area from which the commander wishes to ignore any target detection. CZs must be used very judiciously,
since the computer does not report to the operator a round originating from a CZ. A CZ may be used to ignore a friendly artillery
position that, because of its aspect angle to the radar, could be detected as enemy artillery. This situation could occur when an
uneven FLOT exists or when friendly units are in enemy territory. A CZ may also be used when artillery fires in support of rear
operations.
Radar Zone Rules 1. Any nine zones may be entered into the radar. 2. Define zones using 3 - 6 grids. 3. Zones can not touch or
intersect each other. 4. No more then two zones can lie along the same search Azimuth. 5. All zones except CFZs must fall inside
radar search sector

FIRES – C10
 COMPANY COMMANDER’S RESPONSIBILITY IN TOP
DOWN FIRE PLANNING

 UNDERSTAND HIGHER COMMANDER’S GUIDANCE FOR FIRE SUPPORT

 INTEGRATE COMPANY MORTARS (IF AVAILABLE)
 CONFIRM/REFINE TARGET LOCATIONS
 ESTABLISH/VALIDATE TRIGGER POINTS/LINES FOR ENGAGEMENT
 ASSIGN TARGET RESPONSIBILITIES
 POSITION FORWARD OBSERVATION ASSETS
 CHECK COMMUNICATIONS
 REHEARSE FIRE SUPPORT PLAN WITH MANEUVER PLAN
 VALIDATE FIRE SUPPORT WARNING ORDER
 CHECK TERRAIN SKETCHES
 NOMINATE TARGETS IF AUTHORIZED
 Employment of your company mortars

FIRES – C11
 FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES
(ALL GRAPHICS ARE IN BLACK)
BOUNDARIES BOTH PERMISSIVE (ENGAGE TGTS W/I BOUNDARIES) &
RESTRICTIVE (CAN’T ENGAGE TGTS ACROSS)

PERMISSIVE MEASURES
FIRE SPT COORD LINE:
CORPS OR DIV LINE BEYOND WHICH ALL FIRES FSCL 2nd CORPS

MAY BE FIRED WITH COORDINATION. FAILURE EFF 010530 Z JUN 94

TO COORDINATE DOES NOT PRECLUDE EN-
GAGEMENT.

COORDINATED FIRE LINE:

DIV OR BDE LINE BEYOND WHICH SURFACE CFL 9TH IN RGT
TO SURFACE FIRES MAY BE FIRED W/O EFF 301245AUG64
COORDINATION

FREE FIRE AREA:

CORPS OR DIV AREA WHERE ALL FIRES MAY BE FFA
DELIVERED W/O COORDINATION 7TH ID
EFF 110001FEB94-
130001FEB94

FIRES – C12
FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES(continued)
(ALL GRAPHICS ARE IN BLACK)
RESTRICTIVE MEASURES

RESTRICTIVE FIRE LINE: RFL 2/9 IN

BN OR HIGHER. LINE BETWEEN TWO 151200DEC 96
CONVERGING FORCES ACROSS WHICH
NO FIRES (DIRECT/INDIRECT) OR THEIR
EFFECTS MAY CROSS W/O COORDINATION
W/ ESTABLISHING HQs

RESTRICTIVE FIRE AREA:

BN OR HIGHER. AREA INTO WHICH RFA
SPECIFIC CONSTRAINTS ON FIRES 1/9 IN
CANNOT BE EXCEEDED W/O COORDIN- EFF
201800AUG95
ATION W/ ESTABLISHING HQs NO DPICM

NO FIRE AREA:
DIV OR HIGHER. AREA INTO WHICH NO NFA
FIRES OR THEIR EFFECTS MAY BE DE- 3D INF DIV
LIVERED W/O COORDINATION W/ EFF
091200JUN94
ESTABLISHING HQs

FIRES – C13
FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES (continued)
(ALL GRAPHICS ARE IN BLACK)

RESTRICTIVE MEASURES (continued)

AIRSPACE COORDINATION AREA:
ACA
FORMAL -- ESTABLISHED BY BDE OR HIGHER 4 MECH DIV
. THREE DIMENSIONAL BLOCK MIN ALT: 400
OF AIRSPACE THAT PROVIDES LATERAL AND MAX ALT: 2700
ALTITUDE SEPARATION BETWEEN AIRCRAFT EFF 080600-080610
JUL94
AND OTHER FIRE SUPPORT ASSETS.

INFORMAL -- PREFERRED METHOD. ESTABLISHED

USING LATERAL, ALTITUDE, OR TIME SEPARATION
OR ANY COMBINATION. NORMALLY NOT DEPICTED
ON A MAP OR OVERLAY

FIRES – C14
 FPF SIZES
60mm 2 Tubes 75 x 30
81mm 4 Tubes 150 x 50
120mm 4 Tubes 210 x 60
105mm 8 Guns 280 x 35
155mm 8 Guns 400 x 50

SIX REQUIREMENTS FOR A TARGET (PLOT-CR)

1. Purpose (intent of fires)
2. Location (bottom up refinement)
3. Observer/Alternate observer
4. Trigger on/off
5. Communications net to call for fires
6. Resource

FIRES – C15
 REDs AND ECHELONING FIRES

3-90.2, APP G FIRES – C16

 Risk Estimate Distances (REDs)
Item/System Description 1/10 PI 1/1,000 PI
1/3 2/3 MAX 1/3 2/3 MAX
RNG RNG RNG RNG RNG RNG
M224 60mm Mortar 60 65 65 100 150 175

M29/M252 81mm Mortar 75 80 80 165 185 230

M120 120mm Mortar 100 100 100 150 300 400

M102/M119 105mm HE 85 85 90 175 200 275

M109/M198 155mm HE 100 100 125 200 280 450

M109/M198 155mm DPICM 210 225 250 450 450 600

NSFS MK-45 5”/54 gun 210 225 250 450 450 600

2.75” FFAR Rockets 160 160 160 200 200 200

CAUTION
The provided risk-estimate distances are for combat use only and are not minimum safe distances for peacetime training use .

Risk-estimate distances allow the ground force commander to estimate the risk in terms of the percent of friendly casualties
that may result from a strike against an enemy in close proximity to friendly elements. Risk-estimate distances are based on
fragmentation patterns. The risk is expressed as the probability of incapacitation (PI), which is the probability that a soldier
will suffer an incapacitating injury. Risk estimates were calculated using the following assumptions:
1. All cannon attacks are perpendicular to the FLOT. 2. An observer has adjusted the fires
onto the target. (Unadjusted FFE fires may entail greater risk.) 3. The friendly troops are standing unprotected in the open, in
winter clothing and helmet, and on a line perpendicular to the line of fire.
Source: JMEM Surface-to-Surface Weapons Effectiveness Systems (JWES CD-ROM) U.S. Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity
https://jtcg.amsaa.army.mil, Comm: (410) 278-6580, Voice: DSN 298-6580
FIRES – C17
 PLANNING UNIT BASIC LOADS
AMMUNITION MLRS 155mm BN 105mm BN 120mm PLT 81mm PLT 60mm PLT

HE 460 2304 704 336 456

HE RAP 1188 612
DPICM 2396
APICM 1152
CPHD 198
ILLUM 90 200 100 48 104
SMK 126 180
WP 200 96 140
684 (114
MLRS DPICM
PODS)
ADAM-L 18
ADAM-S 126
RAAM-S 306
RAAM-L 54
BASEBLEED 414
684 (114
Total 5376 4448 1004 480 700
PODS)
FIRES – C18
 FIRE SUPPORT RESPONSE TIMES
DIRECT SUPPORT BATTALION MISSION PROCESSING TIMES

1ST VOLLEY 2-3 MIN

BATTERY 6 RDS = 36 RDS TOTAL = 2 MIN
BATTALION 2 RDS = 36 RDS TOTAL = 4-6 MIN
(DOES NOT INCLUDE CLEARANCE OF FIRES/FA TIME/TIME OF FLIGHT)

DIRECT SUPPORT BATTALION DISPLACEMENT TIMES

MARCH ORDER = 5 MIN ACHIEVE FIRING CAPABILITY = 15 MIN

ROAD MARCH = 30 MIN TOTAL TIME = 45 MIN (WELL TRAINED UNIT)
(10KM - 20KM/HR)
FASCAM
PLANNED REHEARSHE BATTERY
40-45 MIN 20-25 MIN FASCAM (400M X 400M)

SMOKE (1000M FOR 10 MIN)

BATTALION 20-25 MIN 10-15 MIN
ADJUSTMENT 5:30 - 11:30 2 PLTS TO BUILD
BUILD- UP TIME :30 - 1:30 1 PLT TO SUSTAIN
TIME BEFORE SCREEN EFFECTIVE 6:00 - 13:00
FIRES – C19
 FIRE SUPPORT PLANNING PROCESS
INPUTS ACTIONS OUTPUTS
MDMP STEP
• Higher WARNO or OPORD • Understand Higher Mnvr and FS Plan
• Facts from FA Bn, ALO, Others
• FSO protion of MA Brief
Higher FS Plan
CEIPT OF MISSION • Organize and Analyze facts
• Facts from higher, lower, and • ID Specified and Implied Tasks
Briefing Charts
FS Status
adjacent FSE’s / FIST • Translate Status of FS Assets into capabilities FS Capabilities/Limitations
• IPB Products • Analyze effects of IPB on FS FS IPB Analysis
SSION ANALYSIS • Enemy COA from S-2 • Use above to develop draft EFSTs FS Timeline
• Recommend EFSTs
• HVTs by enemy phase or
critical event • Commander Approves/ Modifies EFSTs
and gives further FS Guidance

See OUTPUTs from Step 1 • • For each COA developed:

Determine where to find and attack EFST formations
• ID HPTs in those formations Concept of Fires
• Quantify the effects for EFSTs
A DEVELOPMENT • Plan “Method” for EFSTs Draft FSEM
Allocate TA Assets / Deliver Assets Draft TGT List / Overlay
Integrate Triggers with Mnvr COA Draft TSM or modified TSM
• Use Battlefield Calulus Collection / R&S Plan
• Assist S-2 in R&S Development to support FS

See OUTPUTs from Step 2 • Targeting Decisions : Finalize HPTL Final Drafts:
OA ANALYSIS AND • Wargame FS Plan(s) VS enemy COAs • Fires paragraph
• FS Annex
• Modify / Refine Inputs as required
OA COMPARISON • Refine and test FS plan FSEM
TGT List/Overlay
TSM (HPTL,AGM,TSS)

A APPROVAL AND
See OUTPUTs from Step 3 Approval briefing
FS Plan briefed as part of each COA
Commander:
Selects, Approves, Modifies COA
DERS PRODUCTION FSO presents analysis as part of battle staff FSO:
FS WARNO 3
Clean-up finalize & reproduce
written products
AFF SUPERVISION OPORD
Prepare, rehearse, and issue

FS Back brief
Manage refinement
FS Rehearsal FIRES – C20
 FIRE SUPPORT TARGETING PROCESS
DECIDE DETECT DELIVER ASSESS
F Enemy Formation TA Asset Delivery Asset Desired Quantifiable Endstate
• Recon • Scouts • DS FA UBL Method of Assessment
I • Platoon
PIR • COLTs • MTRs •COLTs
• Company • UAV R & S Plan • MLRS
RSR •UAV
R • Reserve • Q36/37 • R FA •Q36/37
• Dismounts
HVT • GSR
NAIs
• GS FA/MLRS •GSR
E • COPs
• ADA
• SIGINT
• FIST
• CAS
• NSFS
CSR •SIGINT
•FIST
• C2
• RISTA HPTL • TAR
• Maneuver TAIs LAND •TAR
•Maneuver
• Engineer Asset MANAGMEN
S • Mortars
Degree of Damage
OBSERVATION PLAN T
• Med Arty Btry
U Duration of Effects
Enemy Capability
TARGETING ATO REATTACK
P • Maneuver
• Direct Fire Harass Suppress
OBJECTIVE CRITERIA
P • Indirect Fire
• Combat Power Neutralize Destroy
• Communicate
O • Observation DELAY DISRUPT AGM FM 6-20-10
R LIMIT DESTROY TGT LIST
T FM 6-20-10
Does munition match observer? FSEM
Redundant OPs?
Munition volume meet damage
TARGETING intent S,N,D?
Survivability? EFST
MEETING
TASK Fires
MDMP
METHOD EFFECTSParagraph
PURPOSE
FIRES – C21
 ESSENTIAL FIRE SUPPORT TASK
• Prioritized list of things fire support must accomplish
• A task for fire support to accomplish that is required to
support a combined arms operation.
• Failure to achieve an EFST may require the commander to
alter his tactical or operational plan
• Expressed in terms of task, purpose, method, effects
“T-P-M-E”
• TASK - Describes Targeting Objectives (delay, disrupt,
limit, destroy)
• PURPOSE - Describes why the task contributes maneuver
• METHOD - Describes how the task will be accomplished
(Priority, allocation, restriction)
• EFFECTS - Quantify successful accomplishment of the
task

FIRES – C22
 MISSION ANALYSIS - FIRE SPT ASSETS
Appendix___ to Annex D to
OPORD______________________

FIELD ARTILLERY AVAILABILITY

Tactical Mission Unit Model # of tubes Location Event Event Event Event
DS
R
GS
Q-36
FA CAPABILITIES
KILLER MISSIONS PER TUBE SMOKE
# RDS
FASCAM: COLTs x _____
DPICM _____ x Company 27 ___x 1000m x 30min 400x400 TACP x _____
_____ x Platoon 9 LOW 24/3 x____
ETAC x _____
CPHD _____ x MSNs 2
ILLUM MED 48/6 x____
HE (S) _____ x MSNs Bn _____ MIN HI 96/12 x____
1
HE (D) _____ x MSNs Bn SD LD
3

CAS NSFS MTRs

TYPE# SORTIESPUSH STRIP TYPE SALT TYPE # HE WPILLUM

ESTRICTIONS: RFIs
FIRES – C23
Appendix___ to Annex D to
OPORD______________________ TARGET LIST WORKSHEET
DTG_____________________________
Page ______of______
a b c d e f g h i
Line Primary
Attitude
No
TGT Number Description Location Alt L W Purpose Observer
Alternate Trigger Net

FIRES – C24
 FIRE SUPPORT EXECUTION MATRIX (SAMPLE)

AA PL PL
LD/LC BUD KING
4 CAS
TF 6
CNTRL

FA POF SERIS JANE AB 2010

TEAM FA PRI TGT
TANK AB 1009 GROUP A3B 5
AB2009

MORT POF
TEAM AB2008 AB1010
MORT PRI TGT
B 4
MORT FPF

FA POF
MORT POF
TEAM FA PRI TGT
MORT PRI TGT 3
C AB1011
FA FPF

MTR POF TM C POF TM B FPF

PLT 1 PRI TGT
1 PRI TGT 2
CFL PL BUD EFF O/O CFL PL KING
FSCM 010001JUN RFL EFF 011800JUN 1

A B C D E
FIRES – C25
 FIRE SUPPORT EXECUTION MATRIX (BLANK)

TF
CNTRL

A CO

B CO

C CO

MTR
PLT

FSCM

FIRES – C26
 60mm and 81mm HE EFFECTS
ROUNDS 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102
TRPS I/O - 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5
(PLT)
TRPS I/O
(CO) 2 3 6 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 12 13 14 14 15
TRPS DUG-IN
(No OH )(PLT) - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
TRPS DUG-IN - 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7
(No OH )(CO)
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(PLT) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(CO) - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 2

ARTILLERY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
WHEELED
VEH - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
APCs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
TANKS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FIRES – C27
105mm Artillery and 120mm Mortar HE EFFECTS
ROUNDS 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108
TRPS I/O 1 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11
(PLT)
TRPS I/O
(CO) 3 6 12 15 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
TRPS DUG-IN
(No OH )(PLT) - - 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5
TRPS DUG-IN - 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 12 13 14 15
(No OH )(CO)
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(PLT) - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(CO) - - - - - - 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5

ARTILLERY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 2
WHEELED
VEH - - - - - 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4
APCs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 2
TANKS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
FIRES – C28
 105mm and 155mm APICM EFFECTS
ROUNDS 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108
TRPS I/O 4 6 8 9 11 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 16
(PLT)
TRPS I/O
(CO) 14 21 28 32 39 42 46 46 49 49 49 51 51 51 54 54 54 54
TRPS DUG-IN
(No OH )(PLT) 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8
TRPS DUG-IN 7 7 11 11 14 14 14 16 16 16 19 19 22 22 22 25 25 25
(No OH )(CO)
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(PLT) - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(CO) - - - - - - 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 6

ARTILLERY

WHEELED
VEH

APCs

TANKS
FIRES – C29
 155mm HE EFFECTS
ROUNDS 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108
TRPS I/O 2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 14
(PLT)
TRPS I/O
(CO) 6 12 18 21 24 27 30 33 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
TRPS DUG-IN
(No OH )(PLT) - 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7
TRPS DUG-IN 1 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(No OH )(CO)
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(PLT) - - - 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(CO) - 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7

ARTILLERY - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
WHEELED
VEH - 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8
APCs - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
TANKS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
FIRES – C30
 155mm DPICM EFFECTS
ROUNDS 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108
TRPS I/O 3 6 9 11 12 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17
(PLT)
TRPS I/O
(CO) 9 18 27 32 36 39 41 43 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
TRPS DUG-IN
(No OH )(PLT) 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9
TRPS DUG-IN 3 6 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
(No OH )(CO)
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(PLT) - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
TRPS DUG-IN
(W/OH )(CO) - 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7

ARTILLERY - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4
WHEELED
VEH 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7
APCs - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4
TANKS - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
FIRES – C31
 CLOSE AIR SUPPORT
C33: JOINT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT INTEGRATION MODEL
C34: CAS PRE-EXECUTION CHECKLIST
C35: DD FORM 1972: JOINT TACTICAL STRIKE REQUEST
C36: CAS BATTLE DRILL REHEARSAL
C37: CAS KEY PLANNING AND EXECUTION FACTORS
C38: TERMINAL ATTACK CONTROL TYPES
C39: ORD CONSIDERATIONS FOR AIRSPACE COORDINATION AREA DEVELOPMENT
C40-C41: ACA ACTIVATION
C42-C43: CAS SMART CARD
C44-C46: JFIRE WEAPONS TABLES

FIRES – C32
 JOINT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT INTEGRATION MODEL

• Five step process imbedded within Army MDMP

and MCPP
• Involves all CAS planners not just the TACP

FIRES – C33
 CLOSE AIR SUPPORT PRE-EXECUTION CHECKLIST

• Commander’s Intent for CAS • Terminal Control

– Where
Where and and When
When (5
(5 “W”s)
“W”s) – Type
Type 11 Control:
Control: ETAC
ETAC
– What’s
What’s available
available in
in ATO
ATO and
and what
what Positioning
Positioning // Security
Security
itit can
can do
do for
for CC
CC – Type
Type 22 Control:
Control: Observation
Observation
• Submit 1972 Preplanned assets
assets available and
available and Comm
Comm plan
plan
Requests – Type
Type 33 Control:
Control: Prescribed
Prescribed
Restrictions
Restrictions and appropriate
and appropriate areas
areas
– Work
Work with
with S-2
S-2 to
to convert
convert H-Hour
H-Hour – FAC-A / AMC Procedures
FAC-A / AMC Procedures
into
into Zulu
Zulu time
time • CAS C22 and Comm Plan
• Develop Artillery Deconfliction – Frequency
Frequency Plan
Plan
Plan – Fighter
Fighter Check-in
Check-in // 9-Line
9-Line
and ACAs – ACA
ACA Activation
Activation
– Must
Must cover
cover Holding,
Holding, Ingress,
Ingress, – ALO
ALO to
to TAC
TAC // AMC
AMC Hand-off
Hand-off
Egress and Employment
Egress and Employment
– Easily
Easily ID’d
ID’d from
from Air
Air
• JAAT Coordination
– Allow
Allow Simultaneous
Simultaneous Arty
Arty and
and CAS
CAS
– Coordinating
Coordinating altitude
altitude
– Simple
Simple to
to establish
establish
– Simple
Simple is
is Flexible….Combined
Flexible….Combined
Sequential
Sequential
– Deconflicted
Deconflicted from
from known
known and
and
templated
templated threats
threats • Develop Pre-planned 9-Lines
• Threats / SEAD Requirements – Each
Each IP
IP to
to center
center of
of each
each
engagement area
engagement area
– Consider
Consider tactics
tactics // Is
Is itit necessary?
necessary?
– What’s
What’s available
available for
for SEAD
SEAD
– Lead
Lead Time
Time
FIRES – C34
 JOINT TACTICAL AIR STRIKE REQUEST See Joint Pub 3-09.3 for instructions for preparation

SECTION I – MISSION REQUEST

DATE

1. UNIT CALLED THIS IS REQUEST NUMBER   SENT

   

  RECEIVED
2. PREPLANNED: A. PRECEDENCE _______ B. PRIORITY_________
IMMEDIATE: C. PRIORITY
   

TARGET IS/NUMBER OF:

A. PERS IN OPEN __________ B. PERS DUG IN ___________ C. WPNS/MG/RR/AT _________ D. MORTARS/ARTY ________
E. AAA/ADA _______________ F. RKTS MISSILES _________ G. ARMOR ________________ H. VEHICLES ______________
3. I. BUILDINGS _____________ J. BRIDGES _______________ K. PILLBOX/BUNKERS _______ L. SUPPLIES/EQUIP _________
M. CENTER(CP/COM) ______ N. AREA __________________O. ROUTE __________________ P. MOVING N E W S _________
Q. REMARKS

TARGET LOCATION IS:   CHECKED

A. _______________ B. ______________ C. ______________ D. __________________
4. (COORDINATES) (COORDINATES)
(COORDINATES) (COORDINATES)
E. TGT ELEV _________ F. SHEET NO._______ G. SERIES _______ H. CHART NO. _________ BY

TARGET TIME/DATE
5. A. ASAP ________________ B. NLT ________________ C. AT _________________ D. TO ____________________

DESIRED ORD/RESULTS A. ORDINANCE

____________________________
6. B. DESTROY C. NEUTRALIZE
D. HARASS/INTERDICT

FINAL CONTROL
7. A. FAC/RABFAC ________________________ B. CALLSIGN ________________________ C. FREQ _________________
D. CONTACT POINT ____________________

3.     ATTACK RESTRICTIONS

8. REMARKS 4.     WX
 
  1. HAZARDS  
  2. THREATS SITREP
3. ATTACK RESTRICTIONS LINE A:
4. WX LINE B:

SECTION II – COORDINATION

9. NGF 10. ARTY 11. ALO/G2/G3

12. REQUEST 13. BY 14. REASON FOR DISAPPROVAL

__________ APPROVED
__________ DISAPPROVED

16. IS IN EFFECT
15. RESTRICTIVE FIRE/AIR PLAN
A. (FROM TIME)
A. IS NOT B. NUMBER
B. (TO TIME)

17. LOCATION 18. WIDTH 19. ALTITUDE/VERTEX

A._____________ B. ____________ (METERS) A. ____________________ B. ______________________
DD FORM 1972 (REVISED) 15 NOV 1994
(from coordinates) (to coordinates) (maximum/vertex) (minimum)

SECTION III – MISSION DATA

20. MISSION NUMBER 21. CALLSIGN 22. NO & TYPE OF 23. ORDNANCE
AIRCRAFT

24. EST/ACT TAKEOFF 25. EST TOT 26. CONT PT/RNDVS 27. INITIAL CONTACT

28. FAC TAC(A) CALLSIGN FREQ 29. RESTRICTIVE FIRE/AIR PLAN 30. TGT DESCRIPTION 31. TGT
COORDINATES/ELEV

32 BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT (BDA) REPORT (USMTF INFLTREP)

LINE 1/CALL SIGN ______________ LINE 4/LOCATION ____________________
 
LINE 2/MSN NUMBER ___________ LINE 5/TOT _________________________
 
LINE 3/REQ NUMBER ___________ LINE 6/RESULTS _____________________
 

REMARKS __________________________
FIRES – C35
 REHEARSE CLOSE AIR SUPPORT BATTLE DRILL

CAS BATTLE DRILL

•Aircraft 30 minutes from check-in with JTAC
–ALO / JTAC- Initiates battle drill, verifies deconfliction (ACA)plan, alert JTACs
–XO / S-3 - Initiate tactical risk assessment (verify friendly locations) based on commander’s
guidance
–S2 - Verify enemy size, activity, location, unit, time, equipment (SALUTE)
–FSO - Alert SEAD / marking battery, alert observers for targeting.
–ADO - Inform AD community of inbound friendly air
•Aircraft 15 minutes from check-in with JTAC
–ALO / JTAC – Brief aircraft / ordnance and deconfliction (ACA) plan,
–XO / S-3 – Approve / Disapprove mission based on tactical risk assessment
–S2 – Brief enemy SALUTE
–FSO – Report location of SEAD / marking battery and status of observers
–ADO – Reports ADA status
•Aircraft conducting check-in with JTAC
–ALO / JTAC – Verify aircraft / ordnance, deconfliction (ACA) plan, confirm timing
–XO / S-3 – Monitor the mission
–S2 – Continue to monitor enemy SALUTE
–FSO – Activate ACA plan, pass SEAD / marking CFF, coordinate TTT / TOT
–ADO - Disseminate “White Hold”
•Aircraft depart (Post Attack)
–ALO / JTAC – Collect and disseminate BDA and Pilot Reports (PIREPS)
–XO / S-3 – Assess mission effectiveness and next course of action
–S-2 – Collect and process BDA and PIREPS
–FSO – Deactivate ACAs, terminate SEAD / marking missions FIRES – C36
FIRES – C37
 Type 1 Terminal Attack Control Type 2 Terminal Attack Control
• JTACs use Type 1 control when the risk • JTAC desires control of
assessment requires them to visually individual attacks, and any or all
acquire the attacking aircraft and the target of the following conditions exist:
under attack – JTAC is unable to visually
– Risk assessment determines analysis acquire the attacking
of attacking aircraft nose position and aircraft at weapons release
geometry is the best method of – JTAC is unable to visually
success and fratricide mitigation acquire the target
• Examples of where Type 1 can be the – Attacking aircraft is unable
control method of choice: to acquire the mark/target
– Language barriers with coalition prior to weapons release
aircraft
– Lack of knowledge or confidence in • Some examples may be:
equipment / platforms
– Night CAS
– Adverse weather
– Adverse weather
– Medium/high-altitude tactics
Type 3 Terminal Attack Control
• JTAC requires ability to provide clearance for – Stand-off munitions
multiple attacks within a single engagement • JTAC acquires the target or acquires
– Subject to specific attack restrictions accurate, real-time targeting
information from a scout, COLT, FIST,
• JTAC grants blanket weapons release authority
UAV, SOF
– JTAC states: “Cleared to engage”
– JTAC still maintains control of the mission
and retains abort authority
• JTAC acquires the target or acquires accurate,
real-time targeting information from a scout, COLT,
FIST, UAV, SOF FIRES – C38
 MAX ORD CONSIDERATIONS FOR ACA
DEVELOPMENT (AC FLY OVER OR UNDER)

• 60mm mortar: 7,000 ft AGL (ch 4)

• 81mm mortar: 10,500 ft AGL (ch 4)
• 120mm mortar: 12,5000 ft AGL (ch 4)
• 105mm howitzer: 20,400 ft AGL (ch 7) or 26,400 ft AGL (ch 8)
• 155mm howitzer: 26,200 ft AGL (ch 7); 34,100 ft AGL (ch 8)
• New HE round: 33,400 ft AGL (ch 7); 42,500 ft AGL (ch 8S)
• MLRS: 39, 300 ft AGL (M26 rocket)

FIRES – C39
 FORMAL ACA (AIRSPACE COORDINATION AREA)
ACTIVATION

Whatthe
What theFSO
FSOand
andPilot
Pilothear
hearfrom
fromJTAC:
JTAC:
“ACABBand
“ACA andCChigh,
high,AAhigh
highand
andlowloware
areactive”
active”
X

PAA
EA

II PAA
CTB
EA

PAA

A B C
Low: SFC-12K
High: 12K-Unl X

FIRES – C40
 INFORMAL ACA ACTIVATION
3 separation types to consider (Vertical, Lateral, Time)

Whatthe
What theFSO
FSOhears
hearsfrom
fromJTAC:
JTAC:
“ActivateBBand
“Activate andCChigh,
high,AAhigh
highand
andlow”
low”
X
Whatpilot
What pilothears
hearsfrom
fromJTAC:
JTAC:
“Staysouth
“Stay southofofthe
the3333gridline,
gridline,remain
remainabove12k,
above12k,
approvedall
approved allaltitudes
altitudesduring
during
PAA attack”
attack”
EA

II PAA
CTB
EA

PAA

A B C
Low: SFC-12K
High: 12K-Unl X

FIRES – C41
CLOSE AIR SUPPORT PLANNING SMART CARD ROTARY WING CALL-FOR-FIRE
Aircraft Standard Check-In
For Battle-staff planning of CAS Missions Aircraft transmits to ground element on initial contact:
1.   Receipt of Mission
Commander’s initial guidance - Number of aircraft in flight
- Weapons/Ammo available (total between both aircraft)
Air Order of Battle (apportionment, allocation, and distribution decision) - Approximate Time On Station (in hours and minutes)
Air Combat Capability Estimate - Request a Situational Report
Personnel and Equipment Capabilities and Limitations
Example: Dog Six, this is Annihilator One Two, flight of two Kiowas, 1000 rounds of
2.   Mission Analysis Fifty Cal and 14 HE Rockets. 1 hour, 30 minutes time on station, Request SITREP,
Determine Specified , Implied , and Mission Essential tasks Over.
Consider mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and time (METT-T) Area of Operations Update
Anticipate required Air Power based on Battle Staff Estimates Ground element transmits to Aircraft
                                                              i.      Commander’s Intent/ Scheme of Maneuver
- General Enemy Situation
                                                            ii.      Concept of Fires/ Essential Fire Support Tasks
- Threat Activity
                                                          iii.      Enemy order of Battle - General Friendly Situation
                                                         iv.      Reconnaissance and Surveillance (R&S) Plan
- Friendly Artillery Activity
- Remarks: Localized SEAD efforts (suppression/EW), Hazards (WX/Terrain/Obstruction)
                                                           v.      Observation Plan/ Eyes-On Plan/ JTAC Placement
Call-for-Fire
                                                         vi.      Comm Plan: Aircraft>TACP>JTAC>Command Net>Fire Direction Net
If requesting a CCA, the ground elements call-for-fire (one transmission) will include:
Complete a CAS Risk Assessment
Determine Type of Terminal Attack Control (Type 1, 2, 3) - Warning Order
- Friendly position, and type of mark
3. COA Development - Direction from friendly location to the target (in degrees, phonetically)
Commander’s Intent for CAS - Distance from friendly location to the target, (in meters)
Analyze Aircraft Capability vs. Enemy Targets and ADA Threats - Target description
Prepare a CAS Plan, a Backup Plan, and a Backup to the Backup Plan - How friendlies will mark the target
Determine best placement/usage of the JTAC/TACP
Example of fire mission request:
Prepare EAs, TAIs, NAIs, CAS Triggers, and Movement Plans
Prepare Battle Graphics to include CAS/FSCM/Maneuver/EW/ISR - “Annihilator one two, this is Dog six, Fire mission
4.   COA Analysis - From my position, marked by VS-17 panel
- One three five degrees
Name a Specific Desired Effect Compatible with the Commander’s Intent - 900 meters
Disposition of: Target, Threat, Friendlies - One BMP by a two-story building
Consider CAS Aircraft, Weapons, Tactics, Procedures, and ROE - Marked by tracer, over.”
JTAC Tactics, Procedures, Capabilities; Finalize Type (1,2,3) Control
•         Friendly marking: •         Target Marking:
Consider other Airborne Assets: Rotary (JAAT), FAC(A), JStars, AWACs Day Day
Work out FSCMs (Altitudes, Routs SEAD, Marking Rnds, ACAs, C2) - VS-17 Panel - Tracer or organic fires
List Critical Events and Decision Points - Smoke - Smoke
Wargame the plan (practice, practice, practice) - Mirror - Use of landmark
Night Night
5.   Orders Production
- IR Strobe - Tracer or organic fires
OPORD Fire Support Annex D, paragraph 3 (Close Air Support) - ‘Buzz Saw’ - IR Laser (preferred)
DD fm 1972 (Joint Tactical Air Strike Request) sent to HHQ - Reverse polarity/thermal
Or Activate the AFARN if Immediate Air Strike Request is required - IR Laser “lasso”
FIRES – C42
 CAS CONTROL SMART CARD
Fighter Check-In AC-130 GUNSHIP CALL FOR FIRE
(Aircraft transmits to Controller) 1.    Observer/Warning Order: “__________, THIS IS____________
(AC-130 C/S) (Observer C/S)
Aircraft: “______________, this is ____________” Identification/Mission Number: “_________”
(Controller Call Sign ) (Aircraft Call Sign ) FIRE MISSION, OVER.”
Authenticate: “_______” Number and Type Aircraft: “_______” Position and Altitude: “_____”
(per ATO/Spins) 2.    Friendly Location/Mark: “MY POSITION_________________
Ordnance: “______________” Time on Station: “____________”Abort Code: (TRP, Grid, etc.)
Area Operation (AO) Update
MARKED BY_______________________________________.”
(Controller transmits to Aircraft)
1. General Enemy Situation (Strobe, Beacon, IR Strobe, etc.)
2. Threat Activity
3. General Friendly Situation 3.    Target Location: “______________________________________.”
4. Friendly Artillery Activity (Bearing [magnetic] & Range[meters], TRP, Grid, etc.)
5. Remarks
a. Localized SEAD efforts (suppression/EW)
b. Hazards (WX/Terrain/Obstruction) 4.    Target Description/Mark: “_________, MARKED BY_______, OVER.”
CAS Briefing (9-Line) (Target description) (IR Pointer, Tracer, etc.)
(Controller transmits to Aircraft. Aircraft confirms with read-back)
Terminal Controller: “_______________, this is _________________,” Type ________Control” 5.    Remarks: “_____________________________________.”
(Aircraft Call Sign ) (Terminal Controller ) (1,2, or 3) (Threats, Danger Close Clearance, Restrictions, At My Command, etc.)
1. IP: “___________”
2. Heading: “________________ Offset: __________”
(Degrees Magnetic) (Left or Right ) AS Required
3. Distance: “_______________________” (Nautical Miles )
4. Target Elevation: “_________________” (In feet MSL ) 1.    Clearance: Transmission of Fire Mission is Clearance to fire (unless Danger Close). Danger Close is 200m
5. Target Description: “_______________” (General description e.g. Number/Type, Movement )
6. Target Location: “___________________________________________”
with the 105mm, and 125m with the 40mm and the 25mm. For closer fire, the observer must accept
(Lat/Long, or Grid to include map datum [i.e. WGS-84] ) responsibility for increased risk. State, “Cleare
7. Type Mark: “___________________” Code: “___________” Laser to Target Line: “________” 2.    At my command: For positive control of a Gunship, state, “At my Command” on line 5. The Gunship will call
(WP, Laser, IR, Beacon ) (Actual Code ) “Ready to Fire.” When ready.
8. Location of Friendlies: “_____________” Position marked by: “_____________”
(From target, cardinal direction and distance in meters )
ADJUSTING AC-130 GUNSHIP FIRE
9. Egress: “___________________”         Only adjust for marking rounds or wrong target. Adjust from impact by giving range (meters) and cardinal
direction (North, East, South, West)
Remarks (as appropriate): “________________________________”         To move burn, say, “MOVE BURN” or “ROLL BURN”
(Restrictions, Threats, Ordinance Delivery, Hazards, ACAs, Weather, Additional Target Info, SEAD,         Once burn is over target, say “FREEZE BURN” (If you say “STOP BURN,” they will turn it off.
NGV Capability, Applicable Gun to Target Lines, Danger Close [with Commander’s initials], Laser,
Illumination, TOT, TTT with Hack etc.)
Read-back Requirement: Lines 4, 6, all restrictions, and anything else required by the Controller.

FIRES – C43
JFIRE TARGET-WEAPONS
Table 28

FIRES – C44
JFIRE TARGET-WEAPONS TABLE
CONT.

FIRES – C45
JFIRE TARGET-WEAPONS TABLE
CONT.

FIRES – C46
 CLOSE COMBAT ATTACK
C48: CCA PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
C49: CCA CHECK-IN BRIEF
C50: CCA 5-LINE BRIEF
C51: ATTACK AVIATION DANGER CLOSE INFORMATIONS
C52-C53: ARMY ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT CAPABILITIES
C54: HELLFIRE FAMILY OF MISSILES
C55: ATTACK HELICOPTER BATTALION EMPLOYMENT TECHNIQUES
C56: HELICOPTER MODES OF FIRING

FIRES – C47
 CCA PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

• Ground Situation
Commanders Intent
Scheme of maneuver
• Aircraft Capabilities
Weapons Load
Station Time
NVD Type and Capability
• Ordnance Effects
• Tactics
Hovering Fire / Running Fire / Diving Fire
• Airspace Deconfliction

FIRES – C48
 CCA CHECK-IN BRIEF

(Aircraft Transmits to Controller)

1. Establish Initial Contact – (Ground unit in contact), this is (aircraft call
sign)
2. Aircraft Team Composition and Location: ______________
3. Munitions Available: ______________________________
4. Night Vision Capability and Type: ____________________
5. Station Time: _____________________________________

Provided by
the Attack Team
FIRES – C49
 5-LINE BRIEFING
(Close Combat Attack Brief)
1.  Observer / Warning Order: "________, THIS IS ________, FIRE MISSION, OVER. 
                           (AH-64D C/S)              (Observer C/S)
2.  Friendly Location / Mark: "MY POSITION _________ MARKED BY ___________." 
                                                                     (TRP, Grid, etc)                (Strobe, Beacon, IR Strobe, etc)
3.  Target Location: "_________________________________________."
                                    (Bearing [magnetic] & Range [meters], TRP, Grid, etc.)
4.  Target Description / Mark: "______________, MARKED BY ________________, OVER."
                                                (Target Description)                         (IR Pointer, Tracer, etc)
5.  Remarks: "_______________________________________________________."
                         (Threats, Danger Close Clearance, Restrictions, At My Command, etc)
 
AS REQUIRED
1.  Clearance: Transmission of the Fire Mission is clearance to fire (unless Danger Close). 
Danger close
  State "CLEARED DANGER CLOSE" (with commanders initials) on line 5.  This clearance may be
preplanned.
2.  At my command: For positive control of the gunship, state "AT MY COMMAND" on line 5. 
The gunship will call "READY TO FIRE" when ready

1.  Clearance: Transmission of the Fire Mission is clearance to fire (unless Danger Close).  Danger close ranges are in
accordance with FM 3-09.32.  For closer fire, the observer must accept responsibility for increased risk.  State
"CLEARED DANGER CLOSE" (with commanders initials) on line 5.  This clearance may be preplanned.
2.  At my command: For positive control of the gunship, state "AT MY COMMAND" on line 5.  The gunship will call
"READY TO FIRE" when ready
FIRES – C50
 DANGER CLOSE DATA
Danger Close = Risk-Estimate Distances for 0.1% Probability of
Incapacitation (PI) listed in FM 3-9.32.

FIRES – C51
 ARMY ROTARY WING A/C CAPABILITIES

ATTACK
AH64D LONGBOW

WEAPON MAX LOAD MAX RNG

30 mm Chain Gun 1200 RNDS 4200m (1500-1700m)

2.75” Rockets 19 PER POD(76) 9000m (4000m)
Hellfire Missile 8 PER SIDE(16) >6000m (.5 to >6km)
(laser or RF)
Cruise Speed – 120 Knots

OBSERVATION
OH58D KIOWA
WARRIOR

WEAPON MAX LOAD MAX RNG

.50 CAL MG 500 RNDS 2000m (1500m)

2.75” RKTS 7 PER POD(14) 9000m (4000m)
HELLFIRE (laser) 2 PER SIDE(4) >6000m (.5 to >6km)
M4 Pilot Preference 300m
Cruise Speed – 80 Knots FIRES – C52
ARMY ROTARY WING A/C CAPABILITIES
UTILITY
UH-60L BLACKHAWK
• CRUISE SPEED: 130 KNOTS
• RANGE: 225 KILOMETERS
• PAYLOAD: 9000 POUNDS
• MEDEVAC & C2 MISSIONS

CARGO
CH-47D CHINOOK

• CRUISE SPEED: 130 KNOTS

• RANGE: 90-180 KILOMETERS
• PAYLOAD: 16,000-26,000 LBS

FIRES – C53
 HELLFIRE FAMILY

System Production
Description Award Characteristics Performance
• Single shaped-charge
Basic (AGM-114 A, B, C &
F) A, B, C warhead • Not reactive armor capable
• Analog autopilot
1982-92
• Dual warhead
Weight = 45 kg Length = 163 cm F • Analog autopilot
• Reactive armor capable

HELLFIRE II (AGM-114K) • Tandem warheads with • Capable against 21st century armor
electronic safe & arm • Countermeasure hardened
1993-UTC fuze • Programmable for improved
• Digital autopilot and performance
Weight = 45 kg Length = 163 cm electronics

HELLFIRE (AGM-114L) • Dual Warhead • Armor and Threat Systems

• Digital autopilot and • Countermeasure hardened
1995-2005 electronics • Reprogrammable for improved
• Millimeter wave Seeker performance
Weight = 49 kg Length = 180 cm

HELLFIRE II Blast Frag (AGM-114M) • Blast frag warhead • Blast frag warhead with
with electronic safe & electronic safe & arm delay fuze
1998-UTC arm delay fuze • Digital autopilot and electronics
• Digital autopilot and
Weight = 48 kg Length = 163 cm electronics

HELLFIRE II MAC (AGM-114N) • MAC warhead (Metal • Quick Reaction Assessment Jan ‘03
Augmented Charge) • Urban Structures, Bunkers, Caves
2003-UTC
• Sustained pressure Personnel
wave
Weight = 48 kg Length = 163 cm
FIRES – C54
 ATTACK HELICOPTER BN EMPLOYMENT
TECHNIQUES
METHOD ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
THREAT
1. Continuous * Exerts constant * Only one company FORCE
Attack pressure on the in contact
enemy
* The most flexible IN BATTLE
technique
* Efficient FARP
operation (20/30 ENROUTE
minutes/company) THREAT
FORCE
2. Phased * Increased pressure * Lengthened FARP
FARP
Employment on the enemy times
* May exert constant * Difficult to
pressure on the maintain for
enemy extended periods
3. Maximum * Maintain pressure * Does not exert FARP THREAT
constant FORCE
Destruction on the enemy pressure on the
enemy
* Massed firepower * FARP time is
increased
over a wide area (60-80
minutes/battalion

FIRES – C55
 HELICOPTER MODES OF FIRING

– Three modes of helicopter firing

• Hovering fire Any direct or indirect fire engagement conducted when the aircraft is below
effective transitional lift (ETL). The aircraft can be stationary or moving.

• Running fire Any direct or indirect fire engagement from a helicopter in level, forward flight above effective
transitional lift (ETL).

FO

ld
Ho
CLIMB ACQ FIRE STOP BREAK
IP LINE LINE LINE FIRE LINE
LINE
Note: Engagement distances are based on desired crew proficiency

Direction of Flight
• Diving fire Any direct fire engagement from a helicopter that is in a diving flight profile
according to the aircraft Aircrew Training Manual. Remask or
return to Re-Attack
800’ AGL

Avoid over flying

300’ AGL
The target

FIRES – C56
 D. PROTECTION

D1: IBCT ENGINEER COMPANY

D2: HBCT ENGINEER COMPANY
D3: SBCT ENGINEER COMPANY
D4: MOB/CMOB/SURV ASSETS QUICK REFERENCE
D5: BREACH PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
D6: MOBILITY REQUIREMENTS
D7: REDUCTION TECHNIQUES
D8-D12: OBSTACLE OVERVIEW
D13-D18: M/C/S PLANNING FACTORS
D19-D21: M/C/S PLANNING MATRICES
D22: EXAMPLE ENGINEER ANNEX
D23: ADA OPERATIONS
D24: ADA EMPLOYMENT
D25: US ADA CAPABILITIES
D26-D27: THREAT AVIATION CAPABILITIES
D28: MOPP LEVELS
D29-D30: DECONTAMINATION
D31: OFFENSIVE SMOKE USE
D32: DEFENSIVE SMOKE USE

PROT – D
 Headquarters Section 2-0-6-8 Equipment Section 0-0-12-12
IBCT Water
LMTV Trailer

Engineer 25 ton trailer

Company
4-0-72-76
1SG SGT
CPT SGT
1LT SFC SSG SPC
21B 74D
21B 25U SSG SPC SPC
21B 21B 92Y 92Y
21N 21E 21B

DEUCE
MTV Dump DEUCE

4 Javelin
4 Mk-19
SGT SPC PFC PFC
21E 21E 2.5 CY Scoop Loader 21E 21E

MTV Dump
Medics and SPC SPC PFC PFC

Mechanics are 21J

SEE
21J
SEE
21J
SEE
21J
SEE
SGT
assigned to STB 21J

Engineer Platoon 1-0-27-28

1LT PFC SFC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC

21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B

Engineer Platoon 1-0-27-28

1LT PFC SFC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC
21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B

PROT – D1
 Headquarters Section 2-0-8-10
HBCT Water
Trailer
LMTV

Engineer
Company
CPT PFC

4-0-72-76
SPC 1LT SFC PFC 1SG SGT SGT SPC
21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 74D 92Y 92Y
21B 21B

Obstacle Section 0-0-8-8 M548 w/ Volcano

HEMMT

ACE

SEE
Medics and SSG SPC
SPC SPC SPC
21B 21B
Mechanics are 21B 21B
21J

assigned to M548 w/ Volcano

Maneuver TF
HEMMT

SEE

SPC PFC
21B 21J
SPC PLS trailer w/ flatrack
21B

Engineer Platoon 1-0-27-28

ACE

SPC
21B

1LT PFC SFC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC
21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B

Engineer Platoon 1-0-27-28

ACE

SPC
21B

1LT PFC SFC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC SSG SGT SGT SPC SPC SPC SPC PFC

21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B 21B
PROT – D2
21B 21B 21B
 SBCT ENGINEER COMPANY (6-0-112-118)
M1025 COMPANY HQ [2-0-10-12]
M998 M1097 With SICPS

CPT PFC 1LT SP4

SFC SSG SGT
1SG SSG
21B 31U 21B 92Y
12B 91W 31U 12Z 92Y

COMBAT MOBILITY PLT 1 [1-0-27-28]

M1114 M1114 VOLCANO MICLIC MICLIC

1LT SP4 SFC PFC SP4

21B 12B 12B 12B 91W * SSG SP4 SGT SP4 PFC SGT SP4 SP4 SSG SP4 SGT SP4 PFC SGT SP4 SP4 SSG SP4 SGT SP4 PFC SGT SP4 SP4

12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B

* SLOTTED AGAINST HQ SECTION

COMBAT MOBILITY PLT 2 [1-0-27-28]
M1114 M1114 VOLCANO MICLIC MICLIC

1LT SP4 SFC PFC SP4

21B 12B 12B 12B 91W * SSG SP4 SGT SP4 PFC SGT SP4 SP4

12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B

SSG SP4 SGT SP4 PFC SGT SP4 SP4

12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B

SSG SP4 SGT SP4 PFC SGT SP4 SP4

12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B

COMBAT MOBILITY PLT 3 [1-0-27-28]

M1114 M1114 VOLCANO MICLIC MICLIC

1LT SP4 SFC PFC SP4

21B 12B 12B 12B 91W * SSG SP4 SGT SP4 PFC SGT SP4 SP4

12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B

SSG SP4 SGT SP4 PFC SGT SP4 SP4

12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B

SSG SP4 SGT SP4 PFC SGT SP4 SP4

12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B 12B

MOBILITY SUPPORT PLT [1-0-21-22]

MOBILITY SEC 1 [0-0-6-6]
[1-0-3-4] EIAM2 EIAM2
DVE DVE
M1025

DEUCE SGT SP4

SSG SP4 SP4 DEUCE PFC
CBT HMEE HMEE
62E 62E
62N 12B 62J 62J
1LT SP4
21B 12B
EIAM2
MOBILITY SEC 2 [0-0-6-6]
EIAM2
DVE DVE

CBT
CBT SSG SP4 SP4 SGT SP4 PFC
HMEE DEUCE DEUCE HMEE
62N 12B 62J 62E 62E 62J

MOBILITY SEC 3 [0-0-6-6]

EIAM2
EIAM2
SFC SP4 DVE
DVE
12B 12B

CBT SSG SP4 SP4 SGT SP4 PFC

HMEE DEUCE DEUCE HMEE
62N 12B 62J 62E 62E 62J

PROT – D3
MOB/CMOB/SURV ASSETS QUICK REFERENCE

PROT – D4
INTELLIGENCE
 Analyze AA's, MC's
BREACH PLANNING
 Template obstacles and collect OBSTINTEL CONSIDERATIONS
MANEUVER BREACHING ORGANIZATION
• Task Organize for Breaching Operations
• Select breach site location and number of Assault Breach Support
lanes
 Specify conditions for committing the breach
force
 Plan for the 7 Forms of Contact at the
Breach Site BREACHING FUNDAMENTALS
FIRE SUPPORT Suppress Obscure
 Plan suppression - echelon FA and mortars Secure Reduce
 Employ obscuring / screening smoke
 Plan FA radar at the Breach Site Assault

MOBILITY/SURVIVABILITY
 Select primary and alternate reduction
methods
 Allocate / task organize reduction assets CRITICAL PLANNING STEPS
 Plan 50% redundancy of reduction assets Determine the Requirements
 Plan for transition to defense
Allocate Appropriate Assets
AIR DEFENSE Task Organize with Maneuver
 Protect breach sites Synchronize through Rehearsals
CSS
 Plan sufficient CL V for Suppression &
Obscuration
 Plan MICLIC / explosives resupply
 Plan movement / positioning of defensive
CL IV/V
BLUF: MANEUVER CDR MUST PLAN FOR &
C2
 Conduct full-dress breach rehearsal SET THE CONDITIONS NECESSARY TO
 Plan guides at breach lane entrance
ENSURE BREACH SUCCESS
PROT – D5
PROT – D6
 METHOD CAPABILITY TIME LIMITATIONS
Light Force
Line / Ring Main 1 - 10 x 120m lane 5 -10 min Drill Training; Time
Reduction
“Pop and Drop” 2 - 10 x 120m lanes 3 - 5 min Fuze timing and misfires
Techniques
Bangalore 1 - 15m footpath 3-5 min Limited effect on some mines;
1000m MSD for troops in open

Satchel Charge 1 - ATD Breach 10 min Troop exposure

Grappling Hook ? - 25m toss Very slow Time and proximity

Mine Detectors 1 - 8m lane 10 m Time

/min

Heavy Force
Reduction
EXPLOSIVE

Techniques
MECHANICAL

REDUCTION
TECHNIQUES

PROT – D7
 OBSTACLE OVERVIEW

SITUATIONAL
OBSTACLE

TACTICAL OBSTACLE
EA SLEDGE HAMMER

PROTECTIVE OBSTACLE

PROT – D8
 TURNING OBSTACLE

1.0
RESOURCE FACTOR 1.2 X AA
GROUP DIMENSIONS W=1.0 X AA; D=1.0 X AA
PROBABILITY OF KILL 75%
FRONTAGE 500m
DEPTH 300m 1.0
ANTI-TANK MINES YES (PRESSURE / TILT)
ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES NO
ANTI-HANDLING DEVICES NO
IRREGULAR OUTER EDGE NO

A TURN EFFECT MANIPULATES THE ENEMY'S MANEUVER IN A DESIRED DIRECTION. ONE

TECHNIQUE OR A COMBINATION OF THREE TECHNIQUES AID IN ACHIEVING THE TURN EFFECT.
FIRST - THE OBSTACLE MUST HAVE A SUBTLE ORIENTATION TO ENTICE THE ENEMY TO
MANEUVER IN THE DESIRED DIRECTION RATHER THAN BREACH THE OBSTACLE.
SECOND - THE BYPASS MUST BE EASILY DETECTED IN ORDER TO ENTICE THE ENEMY TO IT.
FINALLY - THE POINT WHERE THE TURN IS TO BE INITIATED IS ANCHORED BY NO-GO TERRAIN
OR HEAVILY FORTIFIED FORCES.

FM 20-32, W/ CH 5

PROT – D9
 BLOCKING OBSTACLE

.33
RESOURCE FACTOR 2.4 X AA
GROUP DIMENSIONS W=1.0 X AA; D=.33 X AA
PROBABILITY OF KILL 100%
FRONTAGE 500m
DEPTH 300+m 1.0
ANTI-TANK MINES YES (PRESSURE / TILT)
ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES YES
ANTI-HANDLING DEVICES YES
IRREGULAR OUTER EDGE YES

A BLOCK MINEFIELD IS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY TO STOP AN ENEMY'S ADVANCE ALONG A

SPECIFIC AA OR ALLOW HIM TO ADVANCE AT EXTREMELY HIGH COST.
BLOCKING OBSTACLES ARE COMPLEX AND INTEGRATED WITH INTENSE FIRES; BLOCK
MINEFIELDS DO NOT STOP AN ATTACKER BY THEMSELVES.
BLOCKING OBSTACLES MUST DEFEAT THE ENEMY'S BREACHING EFFORT, BOTH MOUNTED AND
DISMOUNTED, AS WELL AS HIS MANEUVER.
THE BLOCK EFFECT MUST SPAN THE ENTIRE WIDTH OF THE AA AND MUST NOT ALLOW BYPASS.

FM 20-32, W/ CH 5

PROT – D10
 DISRUPTING OBSTACLE

0.5 X AA
RESOURCE FACTOR 0.5 (3 PT OBST) X AA
GROUP DIMENSIONS W=0.5 X AA; D=0.5 X AA
PROBABILITY OF KILL 50%
FRONTAGE 250m
DEPTH 100m 0.5
ANTI-TANK MINES YES (PRESSURE / TILT) X
ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES NO AA
ANTI-HANDLING DEVICES NO
IRREGULAR OUTER EDGE NO

A DISRUPT EFFECT BREAKS UP THE ENEMY'S FORMATIONS, CAUSES PREMATURE COMMIT-

MENT OF BREACH ASSETS, INTERRUPTS COMMAND AND CONTROL, ALTERS TIMING, AND
CAUSES A PIECEMEALED COMMITMENT OF ATTACKING UNITS.

DISRUPT MINEFIELDS SHOULD NOT BE TIME, MANPOWER, OR RESOURCE-INTENSIVE. THEY

ARE USED FORWARD OF OR WITHIN ENGAGEMENT AREAS (EAs).

FM 20-32, W/ CH 5

PROT – D11
 FIXING OBSTACLE

1.0 X AA
RESOURCE FACTOR 1.0 X AA
GROUP DIMENSIONS W=1.0 X AA; D=1.0 X AA
PROBABILITY OF KILL 50%
FRONTAGE 250m
DEPTH 120m 1.0
ANTI-TANK MINES YES (PRESSURE / TILT) X
ANTI-PERSONNEL MINES NO AA
ANTI-HANDLING DEVICES NO
IRREGULAR OUTER EDGE YES

THIS IS THE MOST MISUNDERSTOOD OBSTACLE EFFECT. THE TERM DOES NOT MEAN TO STOP
AN ENEMY ADVANCE. A FIX EFFECT SLOWS THE ENEMY WITHIN A SPECIFIED AREA, NORMAL-
LY AN EA, SO THAT HE CAN BE DESTROYED WITH FIRES. THE PRIMARY USE OF THE FIX
EFFECT IS TO GIVE THE DEFENDER TIME TO ACQUIRE, TARGET, AND DESTROY THE ATTACKING
ENEMY THROUGHOUT THE DEPTH OF N EA OR AA. FIX MINEFIELDS IN THE GROUP MUST BE
EMPLOYED IN DEPTH, CAUSING THE ENEMY FORMATION TO REACT AND BREACH REPEATEDLY.
FIXING GROUPS MUST SPAN THE ENTIRE WIDTH OF THE AA.

FM 20-32, W/ CH 5

PROT – D12
PROT – D13
PROT – D14
 BLADE TEAM HOURS
Table 2-3. Planning factors for work rates
Survivability Time Required to Construct

With D7F Dozer With ACE With SEE

Hull-defilade position 1 BTH 1.5 BTH NA

Turret-defilade position 2.5 BTH 3.5 BTH NA

HMMWV TOW position 1.5 BTH 2 BTH NA

Vehicle-protective position 0.75 BTH 1 BTH NA

Dismount-crew position NA NA 1 SEEH

Individual-fighting position NA NA 0.5 SEEH

BTH (blade team hour). One blade team working for one hour. A blade team consists of two
engineer blades (two dozers, two ACEs, or one ACE and one dozer). One vehicle digs (cutter)
while the other spreads the spoil (striker). A dozer-ACE blade team uses the dozer BTH

PROT – D15
PROT – D16
PROT – D17
PROT – D18
 OBSTACLE EXECUTION MATRIX
Obstacle Priority Location Effect Emplacing Owning Lane Material Material Remarks
Number Unit Unint Location Quantity Location
and
Closure

PROT – D19
 SITUATIONAL OBSTACLE EXECUTION MATRIX
Obstacle Priority Location Effect Trigger / Observer Emplacing Owning Remarks
Number NAI / DP Unit UNit

PROT – D20
SURVIVABILITY MATRIX

PROT – D21
 ENGINEER ANNEX
ANNEX F (Engineer) to OPORD
T CO/TM: CO/TM: CO/TM: CO/TM: TF CONTROL
A
S
K
O
R
G
1 TERRAIN / WEATHER ENEMY ENGINEERS FRIENDLY ENGINEERS
ENGINEER PARAGRAPH
S
I
Condition / Location: Assets available: Higher purpose:
REQUIREMENTS
T
U
1. PURPOSE - General description of what the
A
T Impact: Obstacles: Higher priority of effort / support: Engineers will be doing
I
O
N Attachments / detachments: 2. PRIORITY OF EFFORT
 Prioritize by Mobility / Countermobility / Survivability
2 MISSION See TF Mission Statement in Base OPORD  May be broken down into “Priority of Equipment Effort”
3 SCHEME OF ENGINEER OPERATIONS
KEY ENGINEER TASKS DESCRIPTION OF PLAN TO ACCOMPLISH EACH TASK and “Priority of Sapper Effort”
E (Breach / Emplace / Construct / Dig) (Priority / Assets / Engineer Unit / Supported Maneuver Unit / Location)
X
E
C
Task #1:
3. PRIORITY OF WORK
U
Task #2:  May be broken down into “Priority of Equipment Work”
T
I and “Priority of Sapper Work”
O
N Task #3:  Prioritize by Units, BPs, Weapons or Time
Task #4:
4. SCATTERABLE MINE GUIDANCE
Task #5:
 Purpose
 Delegation of Authority
TASKS TO MVR AND ENGR SUB-UNITS COORDINATING INSTRUCTIONS  Duration (Long vs. Short)
1) 1)
2) 2)
 Restrictions
3) 3)
4) 4) 5. OBSTACLE RESTRICTIONS - Counterattack
5) 5) Routes, Reserve Obstacle. Authority
4 SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION PLAN
TF CLASS IV/V POINT LOCATION RESUPPLY METHOD Tailgate / Service Station / Supply Point
S
OBSTACLE UNIT MINE DUMP / MINES MOPMS VOLCANO CONCERTINA PICKETS EXPLOSIVES MICLIC
TASKS TO SUB-UNITS and COORDINATING
E
R
V
GROUP LOCATION M21 M19 M15 WIRE LONG SHORT (C-4 / TNT / CRATER / MDI)
INSTRUCTIONS Considerations:
I
C
E
MARKING BREACHES/LANES TARGET
S TURNOVER
S
U LANE CLOSURE OBSTACLES
P
P COMMAND-REGULATED SUPPLY (CSR) TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS HOST NATION SUPPORT SECURITY
O
R
T BLADE ASSETS CONTROL LABOR
SUPPORT TO ENGRs
5 COMMAND / SIGNAL CHANGES TO SOP = POSITIONING BARRIER MATERIAL
APPENDIX: 1 – Engineer Overlay 3 – Situational Obstacle Execution Matrix 5 – Engineer Timeline ALLOCATION OF EQUIPMENT
2 – Obstacle Execution Matrix 4 – Survivability Matrix 6 – Terrabase Products PROT – D22
 COMMAND AND
SUPPORT
AIR DEFENSE WEAPONS CONTROL RELATIONSHIPS
WARNINGS STATUS

ADW RED WEAPONS HOLD- DS GS R GSR

AIR OR MISSILE ATTACK FIRE ONLY IN SELFDEFENSE WHO ESTABLISHES SUPPORTED ADA CDR WHO SUPPORTED ADA CDR WHO
IMMINENT OR IN PROGRESS (MOST RESTRICTIVE) PRIORITIES COMMANDER EST SUPPORT COMMANDER EST SUPPORT
RELATIONSHIP RELATIONSHIP
ADW YELLOW WEAPONS TIGHT- WHO POSITIONS ADA CDR W/ ADA CDR W. ADA CDR W/ ADA CDR W.
AIR OR MISSILE ATTACK POSITIVELY IDENTIFY AS ADA FIRE UNITS SPT CDR LOCAL APPROVAL APPROVAL
PROBABLE HOSTILE APPROVAL GROUND CDR OF “R” ADA CDR OF “R” ADA CDR

ADW WHITE WEAPONS FREE- WHO COORDINATES SUPPORTED ADA CDR WHO REINFORCED ADA CDR WHO
AIR OR MISSILE ATTACK ANYTHING NOT IDENTIFIED FOR TERRAIN USED CDR EST SUPPORT ADA CDR EST SPT
NOT LIKELY AS FRIENDLY (LEAST
BY ADA UNITS RELATIONSHIP RELATIONSHIP
RESTRICTIVE)
EST LIAISON WITH SUPPORTED AS REQUIRED AS REQUIRED AS REQUIRED
UNIT & REINFORCED & REINFORCED
UNIT UNIT

EST COMMO WITH SUPPORTED AS REQUIRED AS REQUIRED AS REQUIRED

UNIT & REINFORCED & REINFORCED
LOCAL AIR DEFENSE WARNINGS UNIT UNIT
CHANGES ADW AT DIVISION LEVEL OR
LOWER:
DYNAMITE - AERIAL TARGETS ARE INBOUND
ATTACK IN PROGRESS.
LOOKOUT - AERIAL TARGETS MAY BE IN THE
AREA OF INTEREST BUT ARE NOT
THREATENING
SNOWMAN - NO THREATENING AERIAL
TARGETS ARE IN THE AREA.
PROT – D23
 ADA EMPLOYMENT
OFFENSIVE TTPS
• POSITION ASSETS FORWARD WITH
RECON
• MAXIMIZE MANEUVER COVERAGE
• RETAIN COVERAGE OF C2 AND CSS
• PROVIDE COVERAGE FOR CHOKE PTS,
BRIDGES, OR RESTRICTED MANEUVER
SPACE
• POSTION ASSETS FORWARD WITH LEAD

ELEMENTS TO DEFEAT AIR SUPPORT OF

COUNTERATTACK
DEFENSIVE TTPS
• ALLOCATE ASSETS TO RESERVE
• FOCUS ON AIR AVENUES OF APPROACH
• ENSURE ADA SYSTEMS ARE DUG IN
• IF NO AIR THREAT USE AVENGER FLIR
AND .50 CAL FOR PERIMETER DEFENSE
• ENSURE ADEQUATE COVERAGE OF BSA
• PREPOSITION MISSILES

PROT – D24
 AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM CAPABILITES MATRIX
PERSONNEL AMMO ACQUISITION ENGAGE. ENGAGE. MUTUAL EMPLACE RELOAD
CREW/SEC BASIC RANGE RANGE ALTITUDE SUPPORT MENT TIME

ADA SYSTEM CAPABILITES

PLT/BTRY LOAD (APPROX.) (APPROX.) (APPROX.) DIST. TIME
2/TEAM 6 MSLS/TM
STINGER 5TM/SEC 4 WPNS RDS VISUAL 4 KM + 3 KM + 2 KM + 10 SEC N/A
2 SEC/PLT 2 MSL RDS
2/AVG VISUAL/
AVENGER 6AVG/PLT 8 MSLS FLIR 4 KM + 3 KM + 3 KM + 6 MIN 6 MIN
3 PLT/BTRY (9-10 KM)
5/TM
LSDIS 2 TM/SEC 1 RADAR/
20 KM NA NA NA 15 MIN NA
RADAR 3 SEC/PLT TEAM

ST 4 KM + HASTY ST
VISUAL/ TOW 3750M 10 SEC 7 MIN
25MM 2500M 3 KM 2 KM REG: TOW
IR SCOPE
COAX 900M 6 MIN 2 MIN
4/SQD 10 MISSLES/
VISUAL/ 4 KM (STING) FIRE ON
1 SQD/LB 4 RTF 3 KM+ 3 KM 4 MIN
LINEBACKER FLIR 2500M 25 MM
4 LB /PLT 300 RTF 25MM THE MOVE
9-10 KM 900M COAX
2 PLT/BTRY 600 STO 25MM
PATRIOT 92/BTRY
AIR LCHR PLT:27 2LCHR/SEC 15 KM
BREATHING FIRE CTRL:22 4 MSLS/LCHR 120 KM 50 KM + 26 KM + 60 MIN 60 MIN
THREATS MAINT PLT:31 32 MSLS/BTRY 25 KM
HQ:12 DEEP
8 LCHR/BTRY
PATRIOT 92/BTRY
TACTICAL LCHR PLT:27 15 KM
2LCHR/SEC
FIRE CTRL:22
BALLISTIC 4 MSLS/LCHR 120 KM 20 KM + 26 KM + 60 MIN 60 MIN
MAINT PLT:31 10 KM
MISSILES 32 MSLS/BTRY
HQ:12 DEEP
8 LCHR/BTRY

GROUND 5/SEC 1 RADAR/

BASED 40 KM NA NA NA 15 MIN NA
6 SEC/PLT SEC
SENSOR

PROT – D25
 Armament: 1 twin-barrel 23mm(GSH-23) cannon and
four underwing hardpoints for 3,300lbs of ordinance COMMON FIXED WING
THREAT FIXED WING
including up to 4xAA-2 ‘Atoll’, AA-8 ‘Aphid’ air-to-air
missiles or AS-7 ‘Kerry’ air-to-surface missiles or
unguided rockets; outer wing pylons or centerline
pylon can be used for drop tanks.
Cbt Radius: 460ml/740km Speed: 1000mph/ 1600km/m
THREAT AIR CAPABILITIES

AIRCRAFT
WEAPON RANGE MISSION
All WX: Limited Night Capable: YES
Common Missions: Single seat multi-role fighter
AS-1 KENNEL 11 KM ANTI SHIP SARH
AC type: MIG-21 “FISHBED” AS-2 KIPPER 15 KM ANTI-SHIP NUC
Armament: 6 close range AA-8 ‘Aphid’ air-to-air AS-3 KANGAROO 10 KM AUTO-PILOT NUC
missiles or 4xAA-8 & 2xAA-2 ‘Alamo’ on three AS-4 KITCHEN 400 KM ANTI-SHIP ARM
underwing pylons. One 30mm(GSH-301) cannon AS-5 KELT 320 KM ANTI-SHIP ARM
fixed. Able to carry bombs, submunition dispensers, AS-6 KNIGFISH 650 KM ARM
Napalm tanks, or rockets.
Cbt Radius: 900ml/1450km/h AS-7 KERRY 20 KM COM. GUIDED
Speed: 1520mph/ 2445km/h AS-9 KYLE 25 KM LASER GUIDED
All WX: YES Night Capable: YES AS-10/12 KAREN 25 KM COM GUIDED
Common Missions: Air Superiority, Ground ATK AS-11 KILTER 50 KM ANTI PATRIOT
Additional Capabilities: Naval Ops
RADAR MISSILE
AC type: MIG-29 “FULCRUM” AS-13 KINGBOLT 60 KM COM GUIDED
AS-14 KEDGE 27 KM LASER GUIDED
Armament: Nine pylons, each wingroot glove
AS-15 KENT 2500KM CRUISE MISSILE
and outer wings for up to 17,857lb of weapons. AS-16 KICKBACK 100 KM NUCLEAR
include AS-7, AS-10, AS-11, AS-12, AS-13, AS-14 AS-17 KRYPTON 50 KM ARM ANTI AWACS
AS-17 ASMs, LGBs, 55 to 370mm rockets and AA-8 AAMs.
One fixed 30mm cannon on the starboard side of fuselage. AS-18 KAZOO 120KM COM GUIDED
Cbt Radius: 650ml/1050km Speed: 892mph/1435kmh/Mach AS-20 KAYAK 130 KM ANTI SHIP
1.35
All WX: YES Night Capable: YES
Common Missions: CAS,Bomber, Recon
Additional Capabilities: Electronic warfare/Jammer

AC type: Su-24 “FENCER”

Armament: One 30mm gun (GSH-301) in starboard
Armament: One twin barrel 30mm gun(AO-17A). Eight winroot. Up to 10 air-to-air missiles including
underwing pylons for 9700lbs for bombs, rockets, AA-8, AA-9, AA-10,AA-11 and bombs with total
gunpods, and air-to-surface missiles. Two small capacity up to 13,228lb.
outboard pylons for AA-2 ‘Atoll’ or AA-8 ‘Aphid’ Cbt Radius: 930ml/1500km
air-to-air missiles for self defense. Speed: 1550mph/ 2500km/h
Cbt Radius: 345ml/556km Speed:606mph/ 975km/h All WX: YES Night Capable: YES
All WX: YES Night Capable: YES Common Missions: Air Superiority Fighter
Common Missions: Single seat CAS Additional Capabilities: Ground attack aircraft
Additional Capabilities: SEAD AC type: Su-27 “FLANKER”
AC type: Su-25 “FROGFOOT” PROT – D26
 Armament: One remote controlled 12.7mm four-barrel WEAPON RANGE

THREAT ROTARY WING

gatling gun under nose turret. Four AT-2/AT-3/AT-6
ATGMs on rails at wingtips, 4 underwing pylons for rocket COMMON AT-2 SWATTER
AT-3 SAGGER
4 KM
3 KM
pods, gun pods, bombs, air-to-air missiles.
Cbt Radius: 100ml/160km Speed:208mph/ 335km/h
ROTARY WING AT-6 SPIRAL
AT-9 ATAKA
5 KM
10 KM
All WX: YES Night Capable: YES THREAT AIR AT-16 VIKHR 10 KM

AIRCRAFT
Common Missions: Gunship Attack Helicopter, Recon ROCKETS 1.5 KM
Additional Capabilities: NBC, Recon CAPABILITIES 12.7MM CANNON 1.5 KM
Troop Capacity: 8-10 23 MM GUN POD 3 KM
AC type: MI-24 “HIND” 30 MM CANNON 4 KM

Armament: 4 underwing pylons capable of up the 614lbs.

Typical weapons include the 80mm and 55mm rockets, AT- Armament: Some MI-6 are fitted with a 12.7mm MG
9, AT-16, bombs, AA-8, and AA-11 and one single barrel in fuselage
fixed 30mm cannon on the starboard side of the nose. Cbt Radius: 187ml/ 300km
Cbt Radius: 155ml/ 250km Speed: 193mph/ 310km/h Speed: 186mph/ 300km/h
All WX: YES Night Capable: YES All WX: Fair WX Night Capable: YES
Common Missions: CAS Common Missions: Heavy Transport Helicopter
Troop Capabilities: 65 troops
AC type: KA-50 “HOKUM”
Armament: For Mi-17C, E models, 12.7mm MG in nose.
AC type: MI-6 “HOOK”
Up to 3307lb capacity on 6 hardpoints. Typical weapons Armament: Up to four AT-3 ‘Sagger’ or AT-5
include: 55mm rocketpods, AT-2 ‘Swatter’ or AT-3 ‘Spandrel’. ATGMs or Rocket and Gun pods.
‘Sagger’ Cbt Radius: 155ml/ 280km Speed: 145mph/ Cbt Radius: 240ml/390km
230km/h Speed: 130mph/ 210km/h
All WX: Yes Night Capable: Yes All WX: Night Capable: YES
Common Missions: Attack/Transport Helicopter Hip C, E, Common Missions: General purpose light
HAdditional Capabilities: Communication Jamming/ ECM Helicopter /CAS
platform on the Hip J and K. Flight crew of 3 plus 32 PAX Additional Capabilities: troop capacity: 10 troops.
AC type: MI-8/17 “HIP” freight of 1543lbs, or 1763lbs sling load.
AC type: MI-2 “HOPLITE”

Armament: One (NPPU-28) 30mm turret mounted gun at Armament: NONE

nose. Two pylons under each stub-wing, each pylon
capable of one rocketpod or cannon and 4xAT-6 ‘Spiral’ Cbt Radius: 190ml/300+km
ATGMs each. Speed: 183mph/ 295km/h
Cbt Radius: 124ml/200km Speed: 186mph/ 300km/h All WX: YES Night Capable: YES
All WX: YES Night Capable: YES Common Missions: Heavy transport helicopter
Common Missions: Attack Helicopter Additional Capabilities: troop capacity: 85 troops.
Additional Capabilities: Freight carried as a sling load of 44,092lbs

AC type: MI-28 “HAVOC” AC type: MI-26 “HALO”

PROT – D27
 MOPP LEVELS

Level MOPP MOPP MOPP MOPP MOPP MOPP Mask

Equip Ready 0 1 2 3 4 Only
Mask Carried Carried Carried Carried Worn Worn Worn***

BDO Ready* Avail ** Worn Worn Worn Worn

Overboots Ready* Avail ** Avail ** Worn Worn Worn

Gloves Ready* Avail ** Avail ** Avail ** Avail ** Worn

Helmet Ready* Avail ** Avail ** Worn Worn Worn

Cover

* Items avail to soldier within 2 hours w/replacement avail within 6 hours

** Items must be positioned within arm’s reach of the soldier
*** Never “mask only” if nerve or blister agent is used in AO

PROT – D28
 TYPES OF DECONTAMINATION

TYPE BEST START TIME PERFORMED BY TECH / EQUIP GAINS MADE

BEFORE 1 MINUTE INDIVIDUAL SKIN DECON SURVIVAL

IMMEDIATE
WITHIN 15 MINUTES INDIVIDUAL OR PERSONAL WIPE DOWN STOPS AGENT
CREW -/M291/M295 FROM
PENETRATING
OPERATORS SPRAY DOWN
-M11 OR M13 DAP
UNIT MOPP GEAR EXCHANGE -POSSIBLE
TEMPORARY
OPERATIONAL PRIOR TO 24 HOURS** BN CREW OR VEHICLE WASH DOWN RELIEF FROM
DECON SQUAD -M12A1 PDDE MOPP 4
-M17 LDS -LIMIT AGENT
SPREAD

UNIT DETAILED TROOP

DECON*** PROBABLE
WHEN MISSION LONG TERM
THOROUGH ALLOWS DECON PLT & DETAILED EQUIPMENT MOPP
UNIT AUGMENTEES DECON**** REDUCTION
(17 PERSONNEL) -M12A1 PDDE WITH MINIMAL
-M17 LDS RISK
-65 GPM

* THE TECHNIQUES BECOME INCREASINGLY LESS EFFECTIVE THE LONGER THEY ARE DELAYED
** 24 HOURS FOR BDO, UNLESS USED TO DEFEAT PERSONNEL DEGRADATION
*** 50 MINUTES PER SOLDIER
**** NUMBER OF VEHICLES x 10 MINUTES + 90 MINUTES

PROT – D29
 MECH DECONTAMINATION

MOPP GEAR HASTY DECON HASTY DECON

EXCHANGE* BY SQUAD W/O SUPPORT BY SQUAD W/SUPPORT**

MECH PLT 30 MINUTES 1 HOUR 40 MINUTES 1 HOUR 20 MINUTES

MECH CO 30 MINUTES 5 HOURS 4 HOURS

* SIMULTANEOUS EXECUTION. DOES NOT INCLUDE TRAVEL TIME TO

DECON SITE

** SUPPORTED:1. M17 LDS (SANATOR) BN ASSET

2. SLICE DECON SQUAD/PLATOON

PROT – D30
 OFFENSIVE SMOKE USE

MISSION: PRIMARY: ALTERNATE:

OBSCURE OBJECTIVE AS, MS

CONCEAL BREACHING SP, SG AS,MS

CONCEAL MOVEMENT SP, SG AS,MS,SHG,GL

BLIND RECON AS, MS SHG,GL

HIDE VEHICLE FROM ATGM GL, SG

SCREEN BRIDGING OPERATIONS SP,SG AS,MS,SHG,GL

SEGREGATE ENEMY AS,MS GL

SUPPORT DECEPTION SP,SG AS,MS

SILHOUETTE ENEMY MS SP,SG,SHG,GL

KEY: ARTILLERY SMOKE (AS), MORTAR SMOKE (MS), SMOKE POTS (SP),
SMOKE GENERATORS (SG), SMOKE HAND GRENADES (SHG),
GRENADE LAUNCHERS (GL)

PROT – D31
 DEFENSIVE SMOKE USE
MISSION: PRIMARY: ALTERNATE:

SILHOUETTE ENEMY AS,MS,SR SP

CONCEAL OBSTACLES/EMPLACEMENTS SP,SG

CONCEAL MOVEMENT SP,SG AS,MS,SHG,GL

BLIND RECON AS,MS SHG,GL

HIDE VEHICLES FROM ATGM GL SP,SG,SHG

ISOLATE ENEMY AVIATION AS MS,SP,SG

SEGREGATE ENEMY AS,MS SR

SUPPORT DECEPTION SG MS,SP

SCREEN FACILITIES SG SP

KEY: ARTILLERY SMOKE (AS), MORTAR SMOKE (MS), SMOKE POTS (SP),
SMOKE GENERATORS (SG), SMOKE HAND GRENADES (SHG),
GRENADE LAUNCHERS (GL)

PROT – D32
 E. COMMAND AND CONTROL

E1: TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES OUTLINE

E2: PLANNING TOOLS OF THE COMPANY COMMANDER
E3: RCPA – A WAY
E4: TIMELINE SHELL
E5: DOCTRINAL WARNO REQUIREMENTS
E6: RISK ASSESSMENT
E7: MDMP STEPS
E8-E12: MDMP COMMANDER’S STEPS
E13-E16: MISSION ANALYSIS
E17-E19: COA DEVELOPMENT
E20-21: COA STATEMENT AND COA SKETCH
E22: WARGAMING STEPS
E23: MDMP DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
E24: MDMP INPUT AND OUTPUT CHART
E25: SIGNAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
E26: SINCGARS
E27: HF RADIO SYSTEMS

C2 – E
 Troop Leading •Type of operation
•General location of operation
Mission
•Mission, Intent, Concept
Time
•Battalion times
Procedures Outline •Initial operational timeline •1 up and 2 up •Hard times
•Reconnaissance to initiate •Purpose •Company troop leading
•Movement to initiate •Tasks procedures
1) Receive the mission •Planning and preparation instructions •Specified, Implied, Essential •Light data

1) Initial timeline, possible mission •To include planning timeline •Constraints •Enemy data

•Information requirements (IR and CCIR) •Restated mission •1/3, 2/3 rule
2) Issue the WARNO
*Significant conclusions *Significant conclusions
1) 5 Paragraph format
MTETT-C
3) Make a tentative plan •Summary of mission analysis
Terrain Enemy
1) Mission analysis •Restated mission
•AO •General situations
2) COA development •Initial risk assessment (tactical and
•AI-CAR •Disposition
accidental)
3) COA analysis •Weather •Composition
•Tentative decisive point
•Visibility •Capabilities by WFF elements
4) COA comparison •Initial commander’s intent
•Wind •PCOA
5) COA selection •Analyze relative combat power
•Precipitation •MPCOA
4) Initiate movement •Generate options
•Cloud coverage *Significant conclusions
•Array forces
1) XO, 1SG •Temp/humidity
•Develop concept of operations
5) Conduct recon •Terrain Troops
•Assign responsibilities (2-5)
•Obstacles •Morale
6) Complete the plan •Prepare COA statement and sketch
•Avenue of approach •Training and experience
1) Orders production •Key terrain •Capabilities by WFF elements
COA Analysis (war game)
7) Issue the order •Observation/fields •Leadership
*Action – Reaction – Counteraction* of fire
1) Verbal, terrain model, paper •Methods
*Significant conclusions
•Cover and
8) Supervise •Box concealment

•Belt *Significant conclusions

1) Confirm briefs Civil
•Avenue in depth •Areas
2) Back briefs Purpose of the Operation
•COA must be •Structures
3) Rehearsals •Distinguishable
•Form of maneuver/defensive technique
•Capabilities
4) PCC – 1 up = check equipment •Decisive point and why
•Feasible •Organizations
•Main effort with task and purpose
5) PCI – 2 up = company, mission •Acceptable •People
•Supporting efforts with task and purpose
•Complete •Events
•Endstate
•Suitable *Significant conclusions
ICCC (29SEP05) C2 – E1
 TOOLS OF THE COMPANY COMMANDER
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES COMPANY DECISION MAKING PROCESS IPB PROCESS
AO/AI&
1. RECEIVE THE MISSION 1. BATTLESPACE
1. MISSION ANALYSIS DETERMINE
INITIAL TIME LINE - ANALYSIS OF MISSION
BATTLEFIELD
ENVIROMENT

2. ISSUE WARNO COMPANY PURPOSE 4.

2.
HIGHER CONCEPT/INTENT THREAT
M DETERMINE TASKS
3. DESCRIBE
EVALUATE COAs BATTLEFIELD
THE THREAT

3. MAKE A TENTATIVEPLAN E SPECIFIED/IMPLIED/ESSENTIAL

EFFECTS

T DETERMINE LIMITATIONS
DEVELOP RESTATED MISSION DOCTRINAL
T - ENEMY ANALYSIS TEMPLATE
GTAO
4. INITIATE MOVEMENT OAKOC
T - TERRAIN & WEATHER ANALYSIS ORDER OF BATTLE
COMPOSITION
OAKOC EFFECTS ON:
C - TROOP ANALYSIS
DISPOSITION
STRENGTHS
ENEMY
FRIENDLY
5. CONDUCT CAPABILITIES
- TIME ANALYSIS SITUATIONAL
RECONNAISSANCE TEMPLATE
2. COA DEVELOPMENT
(ECOAs)
- ANALYZE RELATIVE CBT PWR
- GENERATE OPTIONS
6. COMPLETE THE PLAN
DETERMINE DECISIVE POINT
DETERMINE DOCTRINAL REQUIREMENTS
EVENT
ASSIGN PURPOSES TEMPLATE
7. ISSUE ORDER
ASSIGN TASKS
- ARRAY INITIAL FORCES
- DEVELOP CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
8. SUPERVISE
- ASSIGN RESPONSIBILITIES DECISION
- PREP SKETCH & STATEMENT SUPPORT
3. COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME) TEMPLATE

- BOX/BELT/AVENUE IN DEPTH
- RESULTS: Co SYNC MATRIX
4. COA COMPARISON & SELECTION
RECONNAISSANCE IS PLANNED BASED ON INFORMATION NEEDED TO COMPLETE. THE TENTATIVE PLAN (ie CONFIRM/DENY
ENEMY COA). THE INFORMATION IS . THEN “PLUGGED” BACK INTO THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS, FORCING THECONTINUOUS
ANALYSIS OF MTET-TC AND OUR SELECTED COA
C2 – E2
 RCPA--A WAY (WFF)
CBT PWR Enemy Forces Friendly Forces Deductions TTPs

Movement &
Maneuver

Fire Support

Force Protection

C2

Intelligence

Sustainment

C2 – E3
Local Time Zone: Classification:_______________ Date:_____________
Zulu
Local 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00
H
Enemy
Operational
Company

Remarks

Classification:_______________
C2 – E4
DOCTRINAL WARNING ORDER REQUIREMENTS
– Warning Order 1 – Warning Order 3
• Type of Operation • Required Maps
• General Location of the Operation
• Enemy Situation and Significant
• Initial Operational Timeline
Intelligence Events
• Any Reconnaissance or Surveillance to Begin
• Any Movements to Initiate
• Higher Headquarters’ Mission
• Any Collaborative Planning Sessions Directed by • Mission or Tasks of the Issuing
the CDR Headquarters
• Anything Else Commander Deems Necessary • Orders for Preliminary Action, Including
– Warning Order 2 Reconnaissance and Surveillance
• Approved Unit Mission Statement • Coordinating Instructions
• Task Organization Changes • Service Support Instructions, Any Special
• Attachments/Detachments Equipment Necessary, Regrouping or
• Commander’s Intent Transport, or Preliminary Movement of
• Unit’s AO (sketch, overlay, or some other Units
description) • Any Other Essential Information So That
• CCIR, PIR, and FFIR Subordinate Units Can Refine Their Plans
• Risk Guidance
• Surveillance and Reconnaissance Instructions
• Security Measures FM 5-0, CH 3
• Military Deception Guidance
• Mobility and Countermobility Guidance
• Specific Priorities
• Updated Operational Timeline
• Guidance on Collaborative Events and Rehearsals
• Anything Else Commander Deems Necessary

C2 – E5
RISK ASSESSMENT (3-90.2, APP D)
STEPS OF RISK ASSESSMENT
A. ID HAZARDS – LEADERS MUIST ID HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH
ALL ASPECTS OF THE MISSION, PAYING CLOSE ATTENTION TO TMTET-
C.
B. ASSESS HAZARDS TO DETERMINE RISK– ID HAZARD IMPACT ON EACH
PART OF OPERATION AND DETERMINE RISK LEVELS (EH, H, M, L)
C. DEVELOP CONTROLS AND MAKE RISK DECISIONS
DEVELOP CONTROLS THAT WILL EITHER ELIMINATE
HAZARDS
OR REDUCE RISK OF POTEMNNTIAL HAZARDOUS INCIDENTS.
MAKE RISK DECISIONS TO DETERMINE IF CONTROLS ARE
SUFFICIENT AND ACCEPTABLE AND WETHER TO ACCEPT RESIDUAL
RISK.
D. IMPLEMENT CONTROLS—MOST IMPORTANT STEP! ENSURE
CONTROLS
ARE IMPLEMENTED INTO OPLAN’S, OPORD’S, SOP’S AND REHEARSALS.
CONTROLS SHOULD BE CLEAR, SIMPLE, AND EXECUTABLE.
E. SUPERVISE AND EVALUATE—ASSESS AND IMPROVE RISK MITIGATION

C2 – E6
MDMP STEPS FM 5.0, Fig 3-
3

C2 – E7
 MDMP
COMMANDER’S PLANNING TASKS

RECEIVE THE MISSION

1. The commander clearly understands the mission and intent of the commanders two levels up as well as the higher
commander’s stated task and purpose for the subordinate commander. The subordinate commander confirms by
backbriefing the higher commander.

2. The commander has an accurate situation report available which has as a minimum, the status of critical primary
weapon systems and subordinate units

COMMANDER’S GUIDANCE

1. Restated Mission: The commander approves or modifies the restated mission from the staff mission analysis. The mission
statement must include the standard who, what, when, where and why as well as all mission essential tasks.

2. Enemy Courses of Action: The commander considers the possible enemy courses of action briefed by the S2 during the facts
and assumptions brief and designates which enemy COAs the staff will use for planning. Selection is based on time available for
planning, knowledge of enemy doctrine and recent activities as well as an estimate of how the enemy will react once the higher
headquarters' plan unfolds.

3. Intent: The commander issues his intent for the operation in the following format:
- Purpose of the operation
- Method (offensive or defensive phases and the forms of maneuver or method of defense the commander plans to use)
- Endstate (relationship between the force as a whole with respect to enemy forces, friendly forces, terrain and time)

C2 – E8
 COMMANDER’S PLANNING TASKS

COMMANDER’S GUIDANCE
(cont.)

4. Specific COAs to Develop or Not Consider: The commander based on his own METT-T analysis may specifically designate
courses of action to develop or not consider. If time is available, the commander should allow the staff maximum latitude to
develop their COAs to support the commander’s Intent and concept. This will minimize groupthink.

5. Concept of the Operation: the commander should sketch his initial concept of the operation graphics and use the sketch to
explain the remainder of the planning guidance to ensure better understanding among the staff. The level of detail required is a
result of the commander’s assessment of the training level of the staff and available time. The commander may give part or all of
his concept during either mission analysis or decision or both but he must clarify his concept during the planning process
+ Area of operations
+ Battle space
+ Organization of the battlefield

6. Risk: The commander specifies areas where risk is acceptable. Areas to consider accepting risk include but are not limited to
secondary efforts, flank security, rear security, NBC protection, and movement techniques (mounted and dismounted).

7. Assumptions: The commander concurs or nonconcurs with the assumptions presented during the facts and assumptions brief.
He may add any additional assumptions he deems necessary. Assumptions are valid if they meet the following criteria:
+ Essential to the solution of the problem
+ The results of the plan would change if the assumption was not made

8. Commander’s Critical Information Requirements (CCIR): The commander states his CCIR and divides them into the
following categories: PIR, FFIR

C2 – E9
 COMMANDER’S PLANNING TASKS

COMMANDER’S GUIDANCE
(cont.)

9. Deception Planning: Preliminary guidance on deception planning to include, as a minimum the target and the objective:
+ Objective: Specific action that we must want the enemy commander to do or fail to do
+ Target: The enemy commander empowered to make the above decision
+ Friendly intention, capability, or disposition that the enemy commander is to be made to believe or disbelieve

10. Type of Rehearsal: Based on the initial analysis of time and level of training, the commander directs the type of rehearsal
the task force will conduct:
+ Radio rehearsal
+ Map rehearsal
+ Sketch map rehearsal
+ Terrain model rehearsal
+ Key leader rehearsal
+ Full force rehearsal

11. Type of Order: The commander directs the type of order the unit will issue based on the physical condition of the staff,
quality of command guidance, level of staff training and unit cohesion:
+ Oral order
+ overlay order
+ Matrix order
+ Complete the blank order with matrix annexes
+ Written order with written annexes

12. Modify/Update the Timeline: The commander modifies or approves the tentative timeline

C2 – E10
 COMMANDER’S PLANNING TASKS

INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLEFIELD

1. The commander focuses his IPB effort by giving specific guidance to the S2 and ensures that the S2 understands his priorities.
Ideally this should be done before receipt of the mission

2. The commander must review the situational templates and decide, in conjunction with the S2, the prioritization of the enemy
courses of action

3. The commander must personally approve the R&S plan to ensure that it supports the commander’s guidance and focuses effort
on answering the PIRs

COURSE OF ACTION ANALYSIS

1. The commander participates in and supervises the wargaming

2. Participates and supervises the development of the following products if appropriate to the level of detail required in the plan:
+ Event Template
+ Synchronization Matrix
+ Decision Support Template
+ Operational Factors Matrix

C2 – E11
 COMMANDER’S PLANNING TASKS

DECISION

1. The commander decides which course of action the staff utilizes completing the plan. The decision also consists of the
following additional requirements:

+ Task Organization: The commander assigned generic tasks and purposes to specific subordinate elements
+ Mission: The commander makes final approval of the mission statement
+ Scheme of Maneuver: The commander states the scheme of maneuver in order to add any changes and clarify
the concept of the operation to the entire staff
+ Scheme of Fires: The commander approves the scheme of fires and states his intent for fire support
+ Risk Assessment: Final guidance on where the commander will accept risk

2. The commander ensures that his decision is clearly understood by all staff members using a combination of concept sketches
and back briefs.

C2 – E12
 MISSION ANALYSIS
MISSION ANALYSIS
COMPONENTS
- See Yourself
- See the Terrain and the Environment
- See the Enemy

SEE YOURSELF COMPONENTS

- Understand how your unit is nested within the operation
- Identify your unit’s unique contribution to the operation (mission)
- Identify your combat potential
- Identify limits on possible courses of action
- Conduct time analysis

Understand How Your Unit is Nested Within the Operation

- Requires both a horizontal and vertical understanding of main and supporting effort purposes of the units around you.
+ Horizontal linkage shows the relationship between the main effort’s purpose and supporting efforts purposes within the same
level of command
+ Vertical linkage shows the relationship between main efforts purposes among different levels of command above and below
your unit
- Current doctrine focuses on understanding the vertical component (I.e. intent two levels up) while the majority of a unit’s nesting
tends to be more horizontal than vertical
- Understanding of nesting is the key to situational awareness and mission attainability. It drives decisions on:
+ The use of LNO(s)
+ Communication monitoring
+ Adjacent unit(s) location / activities tracking
C2 – E13
 MISSION ANALYSIS
(cont.)

Identify Your Unit’s Unique Contribution to the Operation (Mission)

- Understanding of nesting allows you to determine what purpose and task your unit is assigned
+ Purpose equates to the why of the mission statement
+ Task equates to the what of the mission statement
+ The why and what are the critical components of the mission statement
- Understanding of nesting allows you to determine what your unit’s unique contribution (mission) is and how it relates to the
main effort, either horizontally or vertically, or both

Identify Your Combat Potential

- Confirm your current task organization to include those forces linking up late in the planning or execution process
+ What assets are added to my task organization, when do I receive them, and what is their command or support relationship?
+ What assets must I give up and when?
+ What assets do I need that I currently will not receive?
- Analyze and collect combat status two levels down, and for critical systems at vehicle and/or soldier level
- Each BOS staff officer provides the commander with an initial assessment of capabilities and limitations of his available BOS
assets based on assumptions of time available and projected operational readiness rates. This information is the staff officer’s
initial staff estimate. These become facts that assist the commander in formulating and issuing initial guidance
- Each BOS staff officer advises the commander of his superior’s priorities and where your unit fits into those priorities

Identify Limits on Possible Courses of Action

- Identify specified and implied tasks (things you must do)
- Identify limitations (things you cannot do)
- Determine why your superior has limited your possible solutions to the mission / tactical
problem C2 – E14
 MISSION ANALYSIS
Conduct Time Analysis
- Identify the time available for planning and preparation
- An acceptable timeline must consider these items:
+ Friendly and enemy times. The enemy ahs a vote. His timeline may not be yours. Timeline must include your estimate of
when the enemy will conduct significant actions (I.e. when will enemy recon be in sector?)
+ Allow subordinates adequate planning time. Informal contract between the commander and his subordinates that he will
allow them time to conduct their troop leading procedures (1/3 – 2/3 rule). Not all subordinate units are operating on the same
timeline
+ Staff timeline. Overall timeline must also include the staffs allocated time to conduct their planning process
+ Day and night. Timeline should indicate day and nigh periods

SEE THE TERRAIN AND THE ENVIRONMENT COMPONENTS

Analyze the Military Aspects of the Terrain Within Your AO and AI

- Identify the Area of Operations (AO)
+ Where is my forward boundary? Does it change?
+ Where is my rear boundary? Does it change?
- Analyze the Military Aspects of the Terrain
+ Does my assigned boundaries help or hinder me in achieving my
mission? Within Your AO and AI
- Identify Area of Interest (AI) - Determine the Effects of Weather
+ Conduct a time and distance analysis based on enemy capabilities
+ Consider your ability to collect information
- Analyze the Terrain in the Order you Naturally Observe/Consider it
(OACOK) Determine the Effects of Weather
- What is the current and projected weather
+ Where are the obstacles to movement?
+ What are the avenues of approach dictated by the obstacles? effects?
- What are the precipitation, light, wind, and
+ What cover and concealment does the terrain provide along those
AOA? visibility effects?
- What effects does weather have on different
+ What limitation does the cover and concealment place on observation?
+ What is the key terrain in the AO? Is any key terrain decisive? BOS elements?
- What effects does the weather have on the
+ What effect does terrain have on the different BOS elements?
enemy?
+ What effects does terrain have on the enemy? C2 – E15
 MISSION ANALYSIS
(cont.)

SEE THE ENEMY

- Identify the enemies’ capabilities, limitations, doctrine, and personality

- What are the enemies’ probably course of action
- What are the indicators of those courses of actions?
- What are the indicators of the enemies’ main and supporting efforts?

MISSION ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS

- Seeing yourself, the enemy, and the terrain are not separate processes. The commander and staff must consider each
component’s interrelationship with each other
- The commander and staff are conducting a parallel and identical mission analysis. The staff is helping the commander to
confirm, deny,or modify his personal mission analysis conclusions (commander’s visualization)
- Mission analysis conclusions drive the rest of the planning process. Failure to spend the time to adequately conduct mission
analysis will eventually waste precious planning time by causing the commander and staff to revisit mission analysis and conduct
it properly
- Staff must brief commander on the critical conclusions they have reached through their mission analysis. Do not waste the
commander's time by overloading him with raw information; he needs your analysis

MISSION ANALYSIS OUTPUT PRODUCTS

- Nesting diagram (friendly and enemy)
- Modified Combined Obstacle Overlay (MCOO)
- Enemy probably COAs
- Event Matrix
- Task Organization chart / combat power chart
- Timeline
- Specified / implied task and limitations list
- Restated Mission
- Warning Order C2 – E16
 COA DEVELOPMENT

COA DEVELOPMENT STEPS

- Analyze Relative Combat Power

- Generate Options (COA for each ECOA)
- Array Initial Forces
- Develop the Scheme of Maneuver
- Assign Headquarters
- Prepare COA Statements and Sketches
* ASSUME: Commander’s got a concept / we’ve done M.A. and it’s feasible / Commander’s given guidance
* RETAIN FLEXIBILTY: Prevent decisive commitment as long as possible
* ENDSTATE: Description of transition point at end of mission: Prevent tangents

STEP 1: ANALYZE RELATIVE COMBAT POWER

- Look at Rough Estimates of Force Ratios

- Force Ratios Only Used for General Feasibility Analysis
- Force Ratios do not Account for the effects of:
+ Terrain
+ Weather
+ Human Factors of War
- Use Historical Planning Factors (FM 34-130)
- Brigade (Defense) vs. Division (Offense)
- 1 to 3 (where you want effects), Meets Historical Force Ratio Analysis
+ At Division, look at Battalions vs. Battalions

C2 – E17
 COA DEVELOPMENT
AGADAP
(cont.)
STEP 2: GENERATE OPTIONS

- Focus on ECOAs Arranged in Order of Probability

- What are the Doctrinal Requirements for our Operation?
- Determine the Decisive Point(s)
- Then the Main Effort
- Determine Supporting Efforts
- Determine Purposes for Main and Supporting Efforts
- Determine Tasks for main and Supporting Efforts STEP 3: ARRAY INITIAL FORCES
+ Use Doctrinal Words, Graphics (not to assign responsibility, but to achieve effects / types)
+ Sketch

- Determine Maneuver Forces – Two Levels Down

- Initial Array Generic Forces
STEP 4: DEVELOP SCHEME OF - Start with Main Effort, then Supporting Efforts
MANUVER - Consider Force Ratio at Point of Contact for Each Effort
(now look at unit type)

STEP 5: ASSIGN HEADQUARTERS

- Convert Generic Units to Specific Units (once you've allocated, then you group units)
- Develop Graphic Control Measures
- + Space Units Need to Accomplish Mission
- + NOTE: Boundaries Done Late, not Early - Create Task Organization
- Span of Control Rule 2-5 Maneuver Units
+ No ad hoc HQs
- Account for Entire Battlefield Framework

C2 – E18
 COA DEVELOPMENT
(cont.)

STEP 6: PREPARE COA

STATEMENT
(COA Statement Format)

- Purpose as per Mission Statement

- Describe the Decisive Point(s) of the COA
- Describe the Tasks and Purposes You Assigned to the Decisive. Shaping and Sustaining Operations. Also address
War Fighting Functions.
-Discuss Tactical Risk and how it will be mitigated.
-End State

C2 – E19
 COA STATEMENT

COA Statement must be clear, concise, easy to read and understand in a single rapid reading by a subordinate. Write proper
English sentences and paragraphs. Do not use bullets. Draft, revise, rewrite on scratch paper until you can meet the standard.
Use the following outline to construct the COA statement in paragraph form. Do not exceed one page.

I. Restated Mission Statement.

A. Who, what, where, when.
B. The purpose of the operation.

II. Articulate the decisive point.

A. Friendly force location and combat power.
B. Desired effect on enemy force.
C. Terrain and time.

III. How major subordinate maneuver units will achieve the decisive point.
A. Form of maneuver or pattern of defense for force as a whole.
B. Responsibility for critical doctrinal tasks associated with form of maneuver/pattern of defense.
C. Mission essential tasks and purpose for major subordinate maneuver forces: DO, SOs, R&S, Reserve, TCF.

IV. Tactical Risk.

A. Define the risk.
B. Justification that risk is worth your soldiers accepting.

V. End State.
A. Location and status of major subordinate maneuver units.
B. Location and status of enemy forces.
C2 – E20
 COA SKETCH

FINAL COA SKETCH. Sketch must clearly convey the scheme of maneuver articulated in the statement using
correct graphics. Use decision graphics to show combat power allocated to accomplish the task and appropriate level command
responsibility. Show units in a manner that conveys relationship to overall form of maneuver or pattern of defense. Use dashed
symbols to convey end state. Draw solid and dashed boundaries to convey subordinate responsibility for terrain.

Include the following, as appropriate, to provide a clearer

picture of the scheme of maneuver and areas of
responsibility:

Boundaries one level down

Main attack in the offense
Additional phase lines
Axes of Advance
Zones and/or sectors
Assembly areas
Battle Positions
Engagement areas
Objectives
FEBA or LD/LC
Major manmade and natural obstacles
Fire support coordination measures
Key terrain
Identifying features (cities, rivers, highways, etc.)

C2 – E21
 WARGAMING STEPS
Examples of Critical Events and Decision Points:
1. Gather the Tools OFFENSE
- Passage of lines (forward & rearward)
- Breaching of main obstacle belt
2. List Friendly Forces - Penetrations of defensive positions
- Reaction of enemy counterattack forces
- Seizing the Objectives
3. List Assumptions - Use of reserves
- Deep operations
- Counter fires
4. List Known Critical Events and Decision Points - Preparatory fires
- Using attack helicopter units
5. List Significant Factors
DEFENSE
- Deep operations
6. Select the War Game Method - Destruction of first echelon forces
- Destruction of follow-up forces
- Commitment of counterattack forces or reserves
- Intercepting enemy ground units with attack
aviation
AVENUE BELT BOX - Battle handover

8. War Game the Battle and

Assess the Results

7. Select How to Record and Display Results WAR GAME SEQUENCE

- Action-
SYNCH -Reaction-
NARRATIVE WORKSHEET MATRIX
-Counteractions- C2 – E22
 MDMP DUTIES / RESPONSIBILITIES
M DM P DUTIES / RESPONSIBILITIES
POSITION RECEIPT M ISSION COA COA A NA LYSIS ORDERS
(NA M E) OF ORDER A NA LYSIS DEVELOPM ENT W ARGA M ING PRODUCTION
Review Division Order A ttend MA Brief A ttend COA Brief Receive Wargame update A ttend OPORD Brief
CDR Give Commander's Guidance Give ref inement guidance f rom XO Brief Commander's Intent
Give ref inement guidance
Review Division Order Supervise MA Supervis e COA Development Drive Wargame Supervise OPORD production
Establish Initial Timeline Sync h Staf f f or MA Brief Synch Staf f f or COA Brief Identif y strengths and Synch staf f f or OPORD Brief
XO A ttend MA Brief A ttend COA Brief w eaknesses f or eac h COA A ttend OPORD Brief
Enf orce Timeline Enf orce Timeline Update CDR on Wargame Enf orce Timeline
results
Enf orce Timeline
Read base order and intel Complete IPB A dvise R&S Planner on NA I's Fight enemy most probable COA Ref ine Intel A nnex
annex Complete MCOO and R&S Plan A dvise R&S Planner on NA I's Provide slides to S3 Plans
Begin IPB Determine ef f ec ts of terrain Ref ine SITTEMP's and enemy and R&S Plan Clerk f or OPORD Brief
Begin Mission A nalysis and w eather COA 's Provide WA RNO#3 inf o to S3
A dvise R&S planner on NA I's Complete SITTEMPs Synch w ith other BOS's Plans NCO
S2/S2 PLANNER and R&S plan Determine possible enemy COA
Develop propos ed PIR
Provide slides to S3 Plans clerk
f or MA
Provide WA RNO#2 inf o to S3
Plans NCO
S2 PLANS CLERK Copy Division Overlays Ref ine digital ov erlays/SITTEMPs Ref ine digital overlays/SITTEMPs A ssist S2 Planner Finish digital overlays/SITTEMP's
A s sist S2 Planner A ssist S2 Planner A ssist S2 Planner A ss ist S2 Planner
Read base order and intel Complete IPB Provide R&S c oncept to S3 Final R&S plan complete Ref ine R&S A nnex
annex Identif y R&S f acts, assumptions , Planner Employ recon assets according
Begin IPB constraints, tasks, and f orces Ref ine initial R&S Plan to plan w hen directed
Begin Mission A nalysis available Synch w ith other BOS's Provide WA RNO#3 inf o to S3
R&S PLANNER Begin R&S Plan A dvise S2 on enemy recon Plans NCO
Provide slides to S3 Plans clerk
f or MA brief
Initial R&S plan complete
Provide WA RNO#2 inf o to S3
Plans NCO
Read base order A nalyze mission, intent, and Develop COA sketc h and Fight f riendly COA s Write Base OPORD and Task
Begin Mission A nalysis concept tw o levels higher statement Ref ine COA 's Org
Provide WA RNO#1 inf o to S3 Identif y maneuv er f acts, Begin developing scheme of Develop DSM and DST Supervise assembly of OPORD
Plans NCO assumptions , constraints, tasks, maneuver Provide WA RNO#3 inf o to S3 and all overlays
S3/S3 PLANNER and f orces available Provide s lides to S3 Plans Clerk Plans NCO
Propose a restated mission f or COA Brief
Provide slides to S3 Plans clerk Synch w ith other BOS's
f or MA Brief
Provide WA RNO#2 inf o to S3
Plans NCO
Write/consolidate Warno#1 Identif y Ris ks to the f orce and Ref ine risks to the f orce and Write/consolidate Warno#3 Conduct Risk A ssessment
S3 PLANS NCO A s sist S3 Planner risks to the mission risks to the mission A ssist S3 Planner A ss ist S3 Planner
Write.cons olidate Warno#2 Begin w riting Warno#3
A ssist S3 Planner A ssist S3 Planner C2 – E23
 INPUT
• Restated Mission INPUT
INPUT INPUT • Initial CDRs Intent, Planning • Refined CDRs Intent & Planning
INPUT
• Mission Received or • Higher HQ Order
Guidance & CCIR
• Updated Staff Estimates
Guidance & CCIR INPUT • Approved COA
Deduced by CDR or
Staff
• Higher HQ IPB
• Initial IPB Products
• Enemy COAs
• War Game Results INPUT • Refined CDRs Intent and Guidance
• Staff Estimates • COA Statements & Sketches • Refined CCIR
• Criteria for Comparison • Decision Matrix

The Military Decision Making Process

I. Receipt of Mission II. Mission Analysis III. COA Development IV. COA Analysis (War Game) V. COA Comparison VI. COA Approval VII. Orders Production
1. Alert the Staff 1. Analyze Higher Order 1. Analyze Relative Combat Power 1. Gather the Tools 1. Prepare the OPORD
1. Evaluate COA Advantages and 1. Staff COA Recommendation (Decision Briefing)

PREPARATION
2. Gather the Tools 2. Perform Initial IPB 2. Generate Options 2. List All Friendly Forces Disadvantages 2. Implement Risk Controls
2. Commander’s Decision
3. Update Staff Estimates 3. Determine Specified, Implied & 3. Array Initial Forces 3. List Assumptions 2. Compare COAs 3. Commander Reviews and Approves the
3. Commander’s Final Planning Guidance
4. Perform an Initial Assessment Essential Tasks Order
4. Develop the Concept of the Operation 4. List Known Critical Events and Decision Points 3. Develop a Recommended COA
5. Issue the Initial Guidance 4. Review Available Assets
5. Assign HQ 5. Determine Evaluation Criteria
6. Issue the Initial Warning Order 5. Determine Constraints
6. Prepare COA Statement & Sketches OUTPUT OUTPUT
6. Identify Critical Facts & Assumptions
6. Select War Game Method
OUTPUT • OPLAN / OPORD
(Box, Belt, Avenue in Depth) • Refined CDRs Intent & CCIR; High Pay-
7. Perform Risk Assessment • Decision Matrix (2) Off Target List
7. Select a Method to Record and Display Results
OUTPUT 8. Determine Initial CCIR & EEFI OUTPUT 8. War Game the Battle and Assess the Results
• COA Decision Briefing (3) • Commanders Final Planning Guidance (3)
9. Determine Initial ISR Plan • Updated Staff Estimates and • Approved COA & WANRO #3
• Initial Operational

EXECUTION
Timeline (4) 10. Update Operational Timeline Products

• CDRs Initial 11. Write Restated Mission • COA Statements and Sketches
Planning Guidance 12. Mission Analysis Briefing
(5) OUTPUT
(5) • COA Briefing
13. Approve the Restated Mission • War Game Results & Products (8)
• WARNO #1 (6) • Refined CDRs Intent and • Concept of Operations
14. Develop the Initial Commanders Planning Guidance
Intent • Sync Matrix

15. Issue the Commanders Planning

• Operations Overlay
• Decision Support Templates (DST)
Targeting Decide (Detect, Deliver & Assess)
Guidance
• Task Organization
16. Issue Warning Order 2 Mission Analysis COA DEV COA Comparison War Game
• Mission to Subordinate Units
17. Review Facts and Assumptions • Recommended CCIR - MCOO - Potential: - HPTL & TSS
• War Game Briefing (Optional) - COA & SITEMP HPTL - DST
- HVTs & TVA TSS - AGM
- Event Temp & Event Matrix - Refined Event Temp / Event Matrix (EM)
- Assets Available to Detect, Deliver & - Updated PIR & IR
Asses
- TSM (Supported by FSM & EM)

OUTPUT
• Updated Staff Estimates and Products (Continuous)
• Initial IPB (Enemy SITEMPs, MCOO, HVTs) (2)
Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield
• Initial CCIR (8)
Define the Battlefield Environment Describe Battlefield Effects Evaluate the Threat Determine Threat COA
• Initial ISR Plan (9)
• Updated Operational Timeline (10) 1. ID Significant Characteristics of the Environment 1. Analyze the Terrain (O A K O C) 1. Update or create threat models
1. ID Likely Threat OBJs and Desired End State
• Mission Analysis Briefing (12) 2. ID the Limits of the AO / Operational Environment Develop MCOO - Convert threat doctrine or patterns of operations
to graphics 2. Identify the full set to threat COAs Available
• Restated Mission (13) 3. Establish Limits of the AI 2. Analyze the Weather (V W P C T)
- Describe the threat’s tactics and options (Time: In concept form “Generate Options”)
• Initial CDRs Intent (14) 4. ID the amount of detail required & reasonable within 3. Analyze Factors of the COE & Civil
the time allotted Considerations (A S C O P E) - Identify HVTs & Conduct TVA 3. Evaluate & Prioritize Each COA
• CDRs Planning Guidance (15)
5. Evaluate existing data bases and ID intelligence 4. Describe effects on threat and friendly 2. Identify threat Capabilities 4. Develop Each COA in Detail (2+) (A G A D A P)
• WARNO #2 (16) gaps capability and broad conceptual COA (SITEMP & COA Statement)
(RCPA / Reverse WFF Analysis)
• Preliminary Movement 6. Collect the required intelligence materials (Including Timed Phase Lines)
(Composition, Oder of Battle & Strengths)
5. Identify Initial Collection Requirements
13 HVT Categories (Doctemp & Disposition)
(Event Temp & Event Matrix)
C3
(Remaining Intel Gaps)
FS NBC
MAN BULK FUEL (Initial PIR & IR)
ADA AMMO
ENGR MAINT
RISTA LIFT
REC LOC

C2 – E24
 SIGNAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
Signal Battlefield Assessment for Mission Analysis Commander’s Guidance for Command and Control
•Unit Communications Maintenance Status
•Status of FM (voice and digital), retrans, MSE, TACLAN, single
channel TACSAT, etc •Priority of nets
•Availability of replacement parts/systems
•Redundancy of communication means
•Recommend cross-leveling of assets
•ID non-standard use of FM nets (e.g. Spare 1 is recon freq.) •ROE in effect or any changes to previous guidance
•Endstate is no mission limitation
•Higher HQ’s Signal Plan
•Commo deadspace in AO (from Terra Base or similar analysis)
•Technical limitations (e.g. range of organic systems, influence of •CP Positioning Guidance (SIGO recommends location)
weather, enemy EW system effects, etc.)

•Analyze Terrain and Vegetation: How use to our advantage?

How overcome disadvantages? •Anticipated location of Commander during the fight (to
anticipate commo requirements)
•Other Concerns:
IEW threat
COMSEC changes
Range to DTOC/ BDE TAC •Integration of retrans assets or non-standard commo
Security of Retrans/RAU/EPLRS Teams
Supporting overwhelming success or failure
assets provided from higher (e.g. MSE, TACSAT, Micro
Requirements of OPCON/Attached units wave, etc.)
•Time/distance of C2 Node and Retrans movement
Acquire vision of bounds
Adjust scheme when envelope is pushed. Pessimism. •Specific guidance on signal employment (e.g net priority,
ECM guidance, etc.)
•Retrans
Keep Cdr, TAC and Main Effort on same freq
Synch with key events. Pessimism.
Contingency plan for Retrans failure •SOI/COMSEC changeover times (if deviation from unit
Recommend retrans locations
SOP is required)
•MSE support
Synch with key events •Guidance to LNOs (if applicable)
Terrain, terrain, terrain
•Personnel •Force Protection measures
ID key MOS shortages
•Orders timeline guidance
•Type of Order and rehearsal desired
C2 – E25
 SINCGARS
SINCGARS Models
MODEL RT – A RT – B DISMOUNT KIT
SINCGARS TYPE RF VOICE DATA RANGE
POWER RANGE PRC-119: NA NA NA (MAN PACK)
VRC-87 SR
All models LO 400 m NA
VRC-88 SR YES
MED 5 km NA
VRC-89 LR SR
HIGH 10 km 5 km @ 500-4,800 bps
VRC-90 LR
3 km @ 16,000 bps
VRC-91 LR SR YES
Vehicle w Power PA 40 km 25 km @ 600-2400 bps VRC-92 LR LR
AMP (VRC- 22 km @ 4800 bps
89/90/91/92) 10 km @ 16,000 bps

C2 – E26
 HF RADIO SYSTEMS
CAPABILITY AN/PRC-104 AN/GRC-213
FREQUENCY RANGE 20000 TO 299999 MHz IN 100 MHz INCREMENT 2 TO 299999 MHz IN 100 MHz INCREMENTS

280000 POSSIBLE FREQUENCY SETTINGS 280000 POSSIBLE FREQUENCY SETTINGS

OPERATING MODES SINGLE SIDEBAND (selected USB or LSB) SINGLE SIDEBAND (selectable USB or LSB)

VOICE/CW VOICE/CW
DATA
DATA

RECEIVE ONLY VOICE AND DATA) RECEIVE ONLY (inhibits

This will allow you to receive transmission operation)

You cannot transmit in these modes

RF OUTPUT POWER 20 W (PEP) 20 W (PEP)

RF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE 50 ohms, unbalanced. Output 50 ohms, unbalanced. Output

protected to infinite VSWR protected to infinite VSWR.

ANTENNA TUNING Automatic to 1.5:1 VSWR in Automatic to 1.5:1 VSWR in

3 to 12 seconds 3 to 12 seconds

POWER REQUIREMENTS 20 0 to 32 0 V DC with input at 3.5 24 to 32 V AC, 26.5 V DC nominal

amp (24 0 V DC) for transmit

(typical), 200 ma for receive (typical).

OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE -51'F (-46'C) TO +160'F (+71'C) -51'F (-46'C) to +160'F (+71C)

MEAN TIME BEFORE FAILURE 2500 Hours 2500 Hours

DIMENSIONS 12.5" X 10.5" X 2.75" (D X W X H) 12.5" X 6.12" X 8.63" (W X H X D)

WEIGHT 14 pounds including battery 50 pounds

ANTENNAS Whip, Slant wire, Dipole, NVIS

C2 – E27
 F. SUSTAINMENT

F1: CSS MISSION ANALYSIS

F2: COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT CONSIDERATIONS
F3: CLASS III PLANNING
F4: CLASS V PLANNING
F5: TACTICAL RESUPPLY METHODS
F6: LOGPAC PLANNING TOOLS
F7: CASUALTY ESTIMATION
F8: CASEVAC PLATFORM CAPABILITIES
F9: LOGISTICS BATTLEFIELD ARCHITECTURE
F10: THE CASEVAC PROCESS: INJURY TO BSA
F11: IBCT FSC ORGANIZATION
F12: HBCT FSC ORGANIZATION

SUST. – F
 CSS MISSION ANALYSIS
Results of CSS Mission Analysis Results of CSS Mission Analysis (Cont.)

1. CSS Products in terms of

3. Classes of Supply:
a) Fixing- OR rate, maintenance repair timelines, maintenance
support team and recovery assets available. a) Anticipated Requirements- Types of services, i.e. mortuary
affairs, laundry and bath, water, personnel service support.
b) Fueling- Current status (in vehicles and bulk carriers/storage
anticipated requirements enroute requirements, refuel assets, b) Status of Class I, II, III, IV, V, VII and IX -Quantities and
systems capabilities, fuel allocations, and significant risks. location of all classes of supply at the beginning of the MDMP

c) Arming- Status of basic and operational load, RSR and CSR, c) Class IX- PLL and ASL levels, critical shortage CCILs.
anticipated requirements, ATPs, ASPs, CSAs distribution
method, CCLs. d) Controlled Supply Rates- CSR vs RSR, CCLs and their critical
impacts.
d) Moving- MSRs, ASRs, transportation requirements, assets,
support from non-organic sources.

e) Manning- Personnel status (based on task organization) and

replacement from non-organic sources.

f) Sustaining- (This category addressed by (1a-1e)

2. MEDEVAC/Treatment Guidance:

a) Casualty Estimate.

b) Status of organic medical treatment facilities and civilian or

host nation facilities, requirements to treat civilian populous,
status of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) i.e.
Red Cross, Red Crescent, Doctors without borders.

d) Availability of medical evacuation assets to include air.

SUST. – F1
 COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT
CONSIDERATIONS
OFFENSE DEFENSE
Supply: Supply:
– Increased consumption of Class III and V. – High class IV and V usage. Cache class
– Use of pre-planned push packages. V.
– Begin to echelon critical supplies/services – Preposition stocks of essential supplies in
forward. defense positions in the forward MBA.
– Be flexible. Use unit distribution if – Plan for increased demand for
necessary. obstacle/fortification materials. Push
– Refuel (ROM) prior to crossing LD. forward based on preliminary estimates.
Maintenance: – Plan for increased demand of
– Well defined priority of support. decontaminants and MOPP gear.
– Evacuation plan. – Resupply during periods of limited
visibility.
Medical :
– WHAT IS THE RECON CASEVAC Maintenance:
PLAN? – BDAR teams placed well forward.
– High casualty and evacuation – MST and unit maint personnel forward.
requirements.
– Jump aid station. Consider BN AXPs Medical:
– How far forward can MEDEVAC fly? – WHAT IS THE MEDEVAN PLAN
FOR DEEP FIGT ASSETS
Other: (BRT/STRYKER/SCOUTS?)
– Planning for adequate communications – Well coordinated evacuation plan.
between tactical and CSS units.
Other:
– Be able to facilitate a rapid transition to
the Offense.
SUST. – F2
SUST. – F3
SUST. – F4
Figure 11‑3. Service station resupply method.

Figure 11‑5. In‑position method.

Figure 11‑4. Tailgate resupply

SUST. – F5
SUST. – F6
SUST. – F7
SUST. – F8
 LOGISTICS BATTLEFIELD ARCHITECTURE
FEBA

FAS
S1/S4 PA, CO TRNS
MEDO
CTCP

TFSA
BSA TOC
UMCP CO TRNS
MAIN/PLL/ TOOL TRUCKS
FIELD TRAINS
FSC CDR/XO/1SG, SUP PLT,
DFAC

MAS CO TRNS
PROFIS,
MED PSG

SUST. – F9
 Soldier is injured,
crew members /
squad perform Company CCP
BATTALION AIDE
buddy aid and CLS FAS / MAS
treatment Soldier is moved to the
Company CCP in one of three
Squad Leader ensures ways (METT-TC
soldier gets to the
AIR
consideration) MEDEVAC
platoon CCP, where the 1. Ambulance moves to
platoon medic is located Platoon CCP and METT-TC – BDE WILL
recovers soldier ‘EVAC FORWARD’ OR
2. 1SG moves to CCP and BN MAY BE REQ’D TO
CCP is in a covered and recovers soldier
EVAC TO AN AXP
concealed location to the 3. PSG moves soldier to
AXP
rear of the platoon position Company CCP
Evacuation is METT-TC
and Asset driven
3 2-7 CAV
Platoon medic
begins treatment
and triage and
keeps PL and PSG
informed as to
casualties taken

PLATOON CCP AIR MEDEVAC FROM

COMPANY CCP TO BSA-
METT-TC AND CASUALITY
DEPENDENT

BSA/
FSMC
THE MEDEVAC PROCESS
SUST. – F10
 IBCT FSC ORGANIZATION

By TOE, I
FSC Field Trains: FSC does what the
these are ALL HHC used to do there
logistics MOS and
branch
HQ GS Sup

Maint
Class
PLT HQ Spt
III
Class V Maint
Cntrl
IBCT IN BN FSC has enough cargo
trucks to move one rifle company Recvy
at a time
NOTE: Distribution /
be t he Recovery vehicles
to
Used t Platoon authorized 2
r
Suppo
operator/crewman
SUST. – F11
 HBCT FSC ORGANIZATION

I
FSC

HQ GS Sup

Maint
Class
PLT HQ Spt
III
Class V Maint
Cntrl

Recvy

SUST. – F12