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    Labor: Araceli Flores Surat, MAN

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    Raquel Monsalve
    1. Labor is the process by which the fetus and products of conception are expelled from the uterus through coordinated uterine contractions. Several theories exist to explain the mechanisms of labor, including uterine stretch, oxytocin release, prostaglandin production, and progesterone deprivation. 2. Early signs of labor include lightening, back pain, increased vaginal discharge, and Braxton Hicks contractions. True labor is characterized by regular, progressive contractions that increase in frequency, intensity and duration. 3. Fetal presentation, position, and station must be identified to understand how the fetus will navigate the birth canal. The fetal head, being the largest diameter, must flex and mold to fit through the pelvis.

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    Labor: Araceli Flores Surat, MAN

    Uploaded by

    Raquel Monsalve
    63 views31 pages
    1. Labor is the process by which the fetus and products of conception are expelled from the uterus through coordinated uterine contractions. Several theories exist to explain the mechanisms of labor, including uterine stretch, oxytocin release, prostaglandin production, and progesterone deprivation. 2. Early signs of labor include lightening, back pain, increased vaginal discharge, and Braxton Hicks contractions. True labor is characterized by regular, progressive contractions that increase in frequency, intensity and duration. 3. Fetal presentation, position, and station must be identified to understand how the fetus will navigate the birth canal. The fetal head, being the largest diameter, must flex and mold to fit through the pelvis.

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    LABOR

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    1. Labor is the process by which the fetus and products of conception are expelled from the uterus through coordinated uterine contractions. Several theories exist to explain the mechanisms of labor, including uterine stretch, oxytocin release, prostaglandin production, and progesterone deprivation. 2. Early signs of labor include lightening, back pain, increased vaginal discharge, and Braxton Hicks contractions. True labor is characterized by regular, progressive contractions that increase in frequency, intensity and duration. 3. Fetal presentation, position, and station must be identified to understand how the fetus will navigate the birth canal. The fetal head, being the largest diameter, must flex and mold to fit through the pelvis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    63 views31 pages

    Labor: Araceli Flores Surat, MAN

    Uploaded by

    Raquel Monsalve
    1. Labor is the process by which the fetus and products of conception are expelled from the uterus through coordinated uterine contractions. Several theories exist to explain the mechanisms of labor, including uterine stretch, oxytocin release, prostaglandin production, and progesterone deprivation. 2. Early signs of labor include lightening, back pain, increased vaginal discharge, and Braxton Hicks contractions. True labor is characterized by regular, progressive contractions that increase in frequency, intensity and duration. 3. Fetal presentation, position, and station must be identified to understand how the fetus will navigate the birth canal. The fetal head, being the largest diameter, must flex and mold to fit through the pelvis.

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    LABOR

    Araceli Flores Surat, MAN


    LABOR
     Process by which the fetus and products of conception
    are expelled as the result of regular, progressive,
    frequent, strong uterine contractions.
     Coordinated sequence of involuntary, intermittent uterine
    contractions
    THEORIES OF LABOR
    1. UTERINE stretch theory
    2. Oxytocin theory
    3. Prostaglandin theory
    4. Progesterone deprivation theory
    5. Aging placenta/Placental age
    PRELIMINARY SIGNS OF LABOR

    1. Lightening
     Pelvic pain
     Easier breathing
     Shooting leg pain
     More vaginal discharge
     Frequent urination
     Back pain
     diarrhea
    PRELIMINARY SIGNS OF LABOR
    2. Increase in level of activity-
    3. Slight loss of weight
    4. Braxton Hicks contraction
    4. Ripening of the cervix
    DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRUE AND FALSE
    LABOR

    Criteria True labor False labor


    Uterine contraction Begins irregular-regular Begns and remains
    irregular
    location Felt first in the lower Felt first abdominalyy
    back and sweep around and remain confined to
    to the abdmen in wave the abdomen and groin

    Pain Continue no matter what Often disappear with


    is the woman’s level of ambulation and sleep
    activity
    Frequency, intensity, Increase frequency and Do not increase in
    duration intensity duration, frequency or
    intensity
    Cervical dilatation Achieve cervical Does not achieve
    dilatation cervical dilatation
    TRUE LABOR
     Uterine contraction
     Show

     Rupture of membrane
    COMPONENTS OF LABOR
     4P’s:
    A. Passage – route that the feus must travel from the uterus
    through the cervix and vagina to external perineum
    Types of Pelvis:
    1. Android- male pelvis

    2. Anthropoid-oval; AD >TD

    3. Platypelloid – flat, TD >APD

    4. Gynecoid = females pelvis, round, APD=TD


    B. PASSENGER
     Station
    - Bones  Caput succedaneum
    - Occiput  Position
    - Sinciput  Mechanisms of labor
    - Suture lines
    - Fontanelles
    - Diameter of the skull
    - Molding
    - Fetal presentation
    - Fetal lie
    - attitude
     Head – has the largest diameter
     Comprises of 8 bones:

    a. 4 superior bones
    - Frontal

    - 2 parietal

    - Occipital

    b. Other 4 bones:
    - Sphenoid bone

    - Ethmoid bone

    - 2 temporal bones
     DIAMETERS OF THE SKULL
     The shape of the skull causes it to be wider in its
    anteropostrerior diameter than in its transverse diameter
     To fit to the birth canal, the fetus must present the
    smaller diameter ( transverse diameter) to the smaller
    diameter of the maternal pelvis
     The diameter of the anetorposterior fetal skull depends
    on where the measurement is taken.
     suboccipitobregmatic diameter
     Approx. 9.5 cm

     From the inferior aspect of the occiput to the center of the anterior
    fontanelle
     Narrowest diameter

     Occipitofrontal diameter
     From the bridge of the nose to the occipital prominence

     Approx 12 cm

     Occipitomental diameter
     Widest anteroposterior diameter

     Approx 13.5 cm

     Measured from the chin to the posterior fontanelle


    FETAL PRESENTATION
     Denotes the body part that is in 1st contact to the cervix
     Types:

    A. Cephalic

    - vertex
    - brow
    - face
    - mentum
    B. Breech
    - Complete

    - Frank

    - footling

    C. shoulder
    FETAL LIE
     Relationship between thelong axix of the fetal body and
    the long axis of the woman’s body
    ATTITUDE
     Degree of flexion the fetus assumes during labor
    Types:
    a. Good flexion
    - Convex back

    - Arms are flex and folded on the chest

    - Thighs are flexed to the abdomen

    a. Moderate flexion
    - Chin is not touching the chest

    - Military position
    c. Partial extension
    - Presents the brow of the head to the birth canal
    d. Poor flexion
    - Back is arched/concave
     Neck is extended

     Occipitomental diameter is being presented to the birth


    canal/ face presentation
    STATION
    POSITION
     Is the relationship of the presenting part to a specific
    quadrant of the woman’s pelvis
     1st letter = defines the landmark of the mother

    - right (R) left (L)


    2nd letter = denotes fetal landmark
    - O- occiput
    - M- mentum

    - - A – acromium

    - Sa – sacrum

    - 3rd letter = defines whether the landmark points

    - Anteriorly (A). Posterioly (P), Transversely (T)


    MECHANISMS OF LABOR
    MECHANISMS OF LABOR
    E
    D
    F
    IR
    E
    ER
    E
    C. POWER
     Increment
     Acme

     Decrement

     Frequency

     Duration

     Interval

     Cervical changes
    D. PSYCHE

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