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    Steam Nozzles: - Mass Flow Rate Is Remains Constant

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    Nikita
    Steam nozzles convert the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy. There are two main types of nozzles: convergent and convergent-divergent. Convergent nozzles decrease in cross-sectional area from entrance to exit, while convergent-divergent nozzles first decrease then increase in area. Flow through nozzles depends on throat and exit areas at a given pressure drop. The expansion of steam through a nozzle is considered isentropic, with no work done or heat transfer. Maximum discharge occurs at the critical pressure ratio, where the outlet pressure equals the critical pressure that accelerates flow to the speed of sound.

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    Steam Nozzles: - Mass Flow Rate Is Remains Constant

    Uploaded by

    Nikita
    183 views32 pages
    Steam nozzles convert the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy. There are two main types of nozzles: convergent and convergent-divergent. Convergent nozzles decrease in cross-sectional area from entrance to exit, while convergent-divergent nozzles first decrease then increase in area. Flow through nozzles depends on throat and exit areas at a given pressure drop. The expansion of steam through a nozzle is considered isentropic, with no work done or heat transfer. Maximum discharge occurs at the critical pressure ratio, where the outlet pressure equals the critical pressure that accelerates flow to the speed of sound.

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    steam nozzle

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    Steam nozzles convert the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy. There are two main types of nozzles: convergent and convergent-divergent. Convergent nozzles decrease in cross-sectional area from entrance to exit, while convergent-divergent nozzles first decrease then increase in area. Flow through nozzles depends on throat and exit areas at a given pressure drop. The expansion of steam through a nozzle is considered isentropic, with no work done or heat transfer. Maximum discharge occurs at the critical pressure ratio, where the outlet pressure equals the critical pressure that accelerates flow to the speed of sound.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    183 views32 pages

    Steam Nozzles: - Mass Flow Rate Is Remains Constant

    Uploaded by

    Nikita
    Steam nozzles convert the heat energy of steam into kinetic energy. There are two main types of nozzles: convergent and convergent-divergent. Convergent nozzles decrease in cross-sectional area from entrance to exit, while convergent-divergent nozzles first decrease then increase in area. Flow through nozzles depends on throat and exit areas at a given pressure drop. The expansion of steam through a nozzle is considered isentropic, with no work done or heat transfer. Maximum discharge occurs at the critical pressure ratio, where the outlet pressure equals the critical pressure that accelerates flow to the speed of sound.

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    STEAM NOZZLES

    Introduction
    - is a device of varied
    cross – sectional area in
    which the heat energy of
    the steam is converted into
    kinetic energy.
    mass flow rate is
    remains constant
    Types of nozzles:
    o convergent
    The cross sectional area of the nozzle decreases from the entrance to exit.
    The outlet pressure of the nozzle will be equal or higher than the critical
    pressure.
    The critical pressure is the pressure which will accelerate the flow to a velocity equal to
    the local velocity of sound in the fluid.
     Pressure ratio : 0.58 when using saturated steam

    Mach number is the ratio of the speed of a body to the speed


    of sound in the surrounding medium.
    Types of nozzles
    Convergent – divergent:

    The area of the cross section decreases from entrance to throat and afterwards
    increases from throat to exit.
    Divergent portion increases the pressure drop and accelerates the flow.
    The narrowest section of the C-D nozzle is called throat .
    Flow through nozzle depends on throat and exit areas at a given pressure drop
    Flow of steam through nozzles
    The expansion of steam through a nozzle is considered as
    isentropic
    There is no work done during flow of steam.
    ie Q = 0: W = 0
    Apply the steady flow energy equation,
    For a flow of 1 kg/sec,
    h1 + C12/2 + Q = h2 + C22/2 + W
    For flow through nozzle,
    h1 + C12/2 = h2 + C22/2
    C1 is negligible, when compare with C2, then

    C2 = √ [2(h1- h2)x1000] = 44.72 √(h1- h2).

    C2 = 44.72 √(h1- h2) (m/s)


    Effect of friction in steam nozzle:(frictional reheating)
    During the flow of steam through the nozzle, loss would likely occur
    due to internal friction of steam itself , friction between nozzle surface
    and steam and shock losses.
    This reduces the nozzle efficiency considerably occur more in
    divergent portion of the nozzle.
    Enthalpy drop is reduced resulting in lower exit velocity
    dryness fraction of steam and specific volume are increased
    Discharge Through an Isentropic Nozzle
    Flow through the nozzle is isentropic

    Gain in kinetic energy = Work done during expansion


    Work done during expansion = Work done during flow process
    Conditions for Maximum Discharge
    Maximum discharge occur at critical pressure ratio

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