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    Components of A Highway: Road Alignment Geometry Design Speed Cross-Sectional of Typical Highway

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    Kathleen Buenavista
    The document discusses the key components of a highway, including: 1) Road alignment and geometry, which involves horizontal and vertical alignment to connect straight sections; 2) Design speed, which is used to determine geometric features and is based on topography and land use; 3) Cross-sectional elements, such as the traveled way, shoulders, medians, barriers, and facilities for bicycles and pedestrians. Proper consideration of these components is important for safety, cost, and traffic flow.

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    Components of A Highway: Road Alignment Geometry Design Speed Cross-Sectional of Typical Highway

    Uploaded by

    Kathleen Buenavista
    39 views22 pages
    The document discusses the key components of a highway, including: 1) Road alignment and geometry, which involves horizontal and vertical alignment to connect straight sections; 2) Design speed, which is used to determine geometric features and is based on topography and land use; 3) Cross-sectional elements, such as the traveled way, shoulders, medians, barriers, and facilities for bicycles and pedestrians. Proper consideration of these components is important for safety, cost, and traffic flow.

    Original Description:

    Components of Highway and its uses.

    Original Title

    Components of Highway

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    The document discusses the key components of a highway, including: 1) Road alignment and geometry, which involves horizontal and vertical alignment to connect straight sections; 2) Design speed, which is used to determine geometric features and is based on topography and land use; 3) Cross-sectional elements, such as the traveled way, shoulders, medians, barriers, and facilities for bicycles and pedestrians. Proper consideration of these components is important for safety, cost, and traffic flow.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views22 pages

    Components of A Highway: Road Alignment Geometry Design Speed Cross-Sectional of Typical Highway

    Uploaded by

    Kathleen Buenavista
    The document discusses the key components of a highway, including: 1) Road alignment and geometry, which involves horizontal and vertical alignment to connect straight sections; 2) Design speed, which is used to determine geometric features and is based on topography and land use; 3) Cross-sectional elements, such as the traveled way, shoulders, medians, barriers, and facilities for bicycles and pedestrians. Proper consideration of these components is important for safety, cost, and traffic flow.

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    Components of a Highway

    ROAD ALIGNMENT GEOMETRY


    DESIGN SPEED
    CROSS-SECTIONAL OF TYPICAL HIGHWAY

    KATHLEEN JAN A. BUENAVISTA


    Road Alignment

    Road alignment is the position


    occupied by the center line of a
    road in plan. The center line of
    the road is marked before its
    actual construction. The cost of
    construction, maintenance safety
    and ease in travel depends upon
    its alignment. Therefore a road
    alignment should be selected
    carefully.
    There are two types of
    alignment:
    • Horizontal
    Alignment
    • Vertical
    Alignment
    Horizontal Alignment
    • Includes straight path and curved paths.
    • It consists of straight sections of road,
    known as tangents, connected by
    circular horizontal curve.
    • Consist of series of tangents(straight
    lines), circular curves and transition
    curves.
    Vertical Alignment
    • The longitudinal section (shown on the
    y-axis of the road, it consists of straight
    grades joined by vertical curves.
    • Specifies the elevations of points along
    roadway.
    • Just as a circular curve is used to
    connect horizontal straight stretches of
    road, vertical curves connect two
    gradients. When these two curves
    meet, they form either convex or
    concave.
    There are basic principle of road alignment
    that should be selected carefully:
     The alignment of the road should be as short as possible to provide
    economy in the cost of construction
     The alignment should be as straight as possible which ensure higher
    speed to traffic and lower the cost of construction
     The alignment should be easy for construction, maintenance and
    traffic operation
     The alignments should provide good sight
     The alignment should pass through regions of natural beauty and
    scenery
    Improper alignment of road would result in
    one or more of the following disadvantages:

    • Cost in construction will likely increase.


    • Maintenance Cost will likely increase.
    • Increase in vehicle operation cost
    • Prone to higher accident rates.
    Design Speed
    The design speed is a tool used to determine geometric features of a
    new road during road design. Contrary to the word’s implication, a road
    design speed is not necessary its maximum safe speed; that can be
    higher or lower.

    AASHTO defines deign speed as follows:


    • Design speed is a selected speed used to determine the various geometric
    features of the roadway
    • The assumed design speed should be a logical one with respect to the
    topography, anticipated operating speed, the adjacent land use, and the
    functional classification of the highway.
    • Road speed limits are
    used in most countries to
    set the maximum (or
    minimum, in some cases)
    speed at which road
    vehicles may legally travel
    on particular stretches of
    road.
    Cross-section of typical highway
    Road
    • A way or path over which cyclists, vehicles and pedestrians can
    pass lawfully.
    • Roads are normally used for transportation within a country.
    Cross-Section Elements
    THE CROSS SECTION OF A ROAD INCLUDES SOME OR
    ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS:
    • TRAVELED WAY
    • ROADWAY
    • MEDIAN
    • SHOULDER
    • KERB
    • TRAFFIC BARRIERS
    • BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES
    • Right of Way
    THE RIGHT OF WAY CAN BE DESCRIBED GENERALLY AS THE PUBLICLY
    OWNED AREA OF LAND THAT ENCOMPASSES ALL THE VARIOUS CROSS-
    SECTION ELEMENTS.
    • THE RIGHT OF WAY IS THE LAND SET ASIDE FOR USE AS A HIGHWAY
    CORRIDOR.
    • RIGHTS OF WAY ARE PURCHASED PRIOR TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
    NEW ROAD, AND USUALLY ENOUGH EXTRA LAND IS PURCHASED.
    • SOMETIMES, RIGHTS OF WAY ARE LEFT VACANT AFTER THE INITIAL
    ROADWAY FACILITY IS CONSTRUCTED TO ALLOW FOR FUTURE HIGHWAY
    EXPANSION.
    REQUIREMENTS OF AREA FOR RIGHT OF WAY ARE AS
    FOLLOWS:
    • FOR 2 LANE ROAD = 150 FT WIDTH OF AREA ( 45.72M )
    • FOR 4 LANE ROAD = 250 FT WIDTH OF AREA ( 76.2M )
    • FOR 8 LANE ROAD = 300 FT WIDTH OF AREA ( 91.44M )
    Traveled Way or Carriage Way
    • THE PORTION OF THE ROADWAY PROVIDED FOR THE MOVEMENT OF
    VEHICLES, EXCLUSIVE OF SHOULDERS.
    • NUMBER OF LANES ON A TRAVELED WAY ARE DECIDED ON THE BASIS OF
    EXPECTED TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF SERVICE
    REQUIRED FOR THE FACILITY.
    • LANE WIDTH STRONGLY INFLUENCES TRAFFIC SAFETY AND COMFORT
    • LANE WIDTH RANGES FROM 2.7-3.6 M WITH 3.6 M LANE PREDOMINANT
    ON HIGH-TYPE HIGHWAYS
    • TWO-LANE TWO-WAY HIGHWAYS WITH THE 3.6 M LANE PROVIDE SAFE
    CLEARANCE BETWEEN LARGE COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
    Road Way

    • THE PORTION OF A HIGHWAY


    PROVIDED FOR VEHICULAR
    USE.
    • IT INCLUDES BOTH
    CARRIAGEWAY AND
    SHOULDERS.
    Kerb

    • IT IS THE DIVIDING
    LINE BETWEEN
    CARRIAGEWAY AND
    FOOTPATH.
    Types of Kerbs Functions of Kerbs
    • DRAINAGE CONTROL
    • ROADWAY EDGE DELINEATION • CLASS I KERB: HEIGHT 7-9 CMS
    • RIGHT-OF-WAY REDUCTION • CLASS II KERB: HEIGHT 15-20 CMS
    • DELINEATION OF PEDESTRIAN • BARRIER: 23-45 CMS
    WALKWAYS
    • SUBMERGED: PROVIDE LATERAL
    • REDUCTION IN MAINTENANCE
    STABILITY
    OPERATION
    • ASSISTANCE IN ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT
    Foot Path or side Walk

    • FOOT PATHS ARE PROVIDED IN


    URBAN ROADS
    • THESE ARE RAISED STRIPS
    CONSTRUCTED ALONG BOTH THE
    EDGES OF ROADS.
    • THEIR MINIMUM RECOMMENDED
    WIDTH IS 1.3 M.
    Bicycle and Parking lane

    • BICYCLE LANE IS A PORTION OF


    THE ROADWAY DESIGNATED BY
    STRIPING, SIGNING, AND/OR
    PAVEMENT MARKINGS FOR
    PREFERENTIAL OR EXCLUSIVE
    USE BY BICYCLES AND/OR OTHER
    NON-MOTORIZED VEHICLES.
    • PARKING LANE IS AN
    ADDITIONAL LANE PROVIDED ON
    URBAN ROADS AND STREETS
    FOR ON-STREET PARKING.
    Traffic Barriers
    A LONGITUDINAL BARRIER,
    INCLUDING BRIDGE RAIL, OR AN
    IMPACT ATTENUATOR USED TO
    • REDIRECT VEHICLES FROM
    HAZARDS LOCATED WITHIN AN
    ESTABLISHED DESIGN CLEAR
    ZONE
    • TO PREVENT MEDIAN
    CROSSOVERS
    • TO PREVENT ERRANT VEHICLES
    FROM GOING OVER THE SIDE OF
    A BRIDGE STRUCTURE
    • TO PROTECT WORKERS
    (OCCASIONALLY)
    • TO PROTECT PEDESTRIANS, OR
    BICYCLISTS FROM VEHICULAR
    TRAFFIC
    THANK YOU FOR
    LISTENING!

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