Swine Diseases

Swine diseases
 Mange: Sarcoptes scabei var suis

 Greasy pig disease: Staphylococcus hyicus:
Gram-positive coccus
 Swine pox: Swine pox virus
 Erysipelas: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:
Gram-positive, aerobic, slightly bent, thin

bacillus
 Sarcoptes scabei var suis (not zoonotic)
 represents the most important
ectoparasitic disease of swine

 nursery or grower pigs
Clinical signs
intense
pruritus,
lichenification,
papules, crusts
poor production
susceptible to
other diseases
Diagnosis - clinical
signs, skin scrape
Treatment and
control, acaricide
(amitraz) topically,
ivermectin injection
ova, larvae, nymphs,

adults develop in
the epidermis
Place the scraping on a piece

of black paper for a few
minutes.
0.5 mm in length, gray to white, and just Then carefully blow off the
visible to the naked eye when on a black superficial debris and
background examine the site on the paper
for the small, light colored
mites.
 Exudative dermatitis
 Staphylococcus hyicus: Gram-positive coccus
 Affects late preweaning pigs: few days to about
eight weeks of age

Clinical signs
exfoliation of skin, excess
sebaceous secretion
pruritis not a feature
unless complicated my
mange
Diagnosis - clinical signs and
culture or histopathology
Sebaceous glands secrete

excessively and there is
accumulation of greasy
exudate over lesions
 Treatment: frustrating
 Injectible penicllin, oxytetracyline
 Tetracyclines in feed
 Topicals: 10% bleach, chlorhexidine, Virkon® (Durvet)
or dilute tamed iodine
 Control
 Sanitation: sanitation for pregnant sows, especially in
housing, and washing of sows may be of value
 Control external parasites
 Good nutrition
 Swine pox virus
◦ Poxviridae family
 Only pigs less than 4months old
“round to oval cutaneous lesions that
heal in three to four weeks”
Clinical signs
papules 1-6
mm in
diameter
pustules,
crusts
clear
spontaenously
Diagnosis - clinical signs, biopsy

intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
Treatment - not necessary: herd immunity
 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
◦ Gram-positive, aerobic, slightly bent, thin
bacillus
 Diamond skin disease: zoonotic
 pigs 3months - 3years old
Clinical signs
widespread
ecchymotic
hemorrhages
due to
microthrombi
arthritis,
endocarditis
 Diagnosis
 Diamond skin lesions pathognomonic
 Culture of blood, joints, lung, liver
 Treatment
 Penicillin is the drug of choice
 Control
 General sanitation
 Bacterins or attenuated live vaccines
 Swine lice: louse, Pediculosis
 Baby piglet anemia
 Haematopinus suis: zoonotic, 6 mm long
(largest louse)
 Lifecycle
◦ sucking louse (anemia)

◦ entire LC on host
 Indicator of poor management
 Clinical signs
 pruritis (mild), anemia, poor growing
 Diagnosis
 visible to naked eye
 Treatment - same as for mange
 Iron deficiency
 Piglets iron demand is greater than the
sows milk (15-50%)

 Pigs raised in the outdoors may not need
iron
 Vit E/ selenium deficiency : Fe toxicity !!
 Clinical signs
 anemia within 2-3 days of birth
 dyspnea, edema, pale skin, lethargy
 Diagnosis - clinical signs, CBC
 Treatment - 200mg iron dextran at 1-3 days
of age
Africa Swine Fever
Foot and mouth disease
Hog cholera / classical
swine fever
Swine vesicular disease
Malignant catarrhal
fever
 Virus family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus
 Highly contagious viral dz
 1978: ‘hog free’
 Swine and boars
 Direct/ uncooked meat
 CS: High Fever: 106-108oF
(>41oC)
Depression
Conjunctivitis
Constipation, then Diarrhea
Renal petechiation
Skin hemorrhages/Cyanosis
Stillbirths, deformities, mummies
neurologic
 African swine fever
 genus asfivirus in the family Asfarviridae
 Only DNA virus ~ arbovirus
 hemorrhage in multiple areas: hot sick red
pigs
 is a tick-borne (ornithodorus), contagious,
febrile, systemic viral disease of swine

 100% mortality
 No vaccine
1. Greatly enlarged dark red to black friable spleen
2. Enlarged hemorrhagic gastrohepatic lymph nodes
3. Enlarged hemorrhagic renal lymph nodes
◦ African Swine Fever pigs do not develop
conjunctivitis or encephalitis
◦ Despite high fever, ASF infected pigs stay in good
condition, whereas hog cholera infected pigs
drastically lose weight
 Foot and mouth disease - apthavirus*
 Swine vesicular disease - enterovirus
 Vesicular exanthema - calicivirus
 Vesicular stomatitis - rhabdovirus
 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal
_dis_spec/swine/
 http://www.ncsu.edu/project/swine_extension/nc
porkconf/2002/roberts.htm
 http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/pbs/zoonoses/Erysi
pelas/erysipelasindex.html
 http://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/new-vdpam-
employees/food-supply-veterinary-
medicine/swine/swine-diseases/haemophilus-
parasuis-
 http://vetpath.wordpress.com/category/necropsy
-cases/
 http://www.fmv.utl.pt/atlas/figado/pages_us
/figad015_ing.htm
 http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/dis
ease.php?name=influenza&lang=en
 http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/a_pleuro/a_pleur
o_home.htm
 http://www.cvm.tamu.edu/fadr/disease.aspx
?did=2500

Swine Diseases

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Swine diseases

 Mange: Sarcoptes scabei var suis

Gram-positive, aerobic, slightly bent, thin

ectoparasitic disease of swine

ova, larvae, nymphs,

Place the scraping on a piece

eight weeks of age

Sebaceous glands secrete

Diagnosis - clinical signs, biopsy

◦ sucking louse (anemia)

sows milk (15-50%)

febrile, systemic viral disease of swine

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