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    Narmada River System

    Uploaded by

    Lovedeep Sharma
    The document summarizes the biodiversity found in the Narmada River system in India. It notes that the river is home to a diverse array of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, molluscs and over 85 fish species. However, many biodiversity surveys have found declines in species like the Mahseer fish due to dams restricting migration. The construction of over 30 major dams on the river network, including the controversial Sardar Sarovar Dam, have degraded habitat and impacted biodiversity through reduced water flows and loss of habitat. Conservation efforts are needed to protect the biodiversity and resources of the culturally and ecologically important Narmada River.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Narmada River System

    Uploaded by

    Lovedeep Sharma
    274 views18 pages
    The document summarizes the biodiversity found in the Narmada River system in India. It notes that the river is home to a diverse array of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, molluscs and over 85 fish species. However, many biodiversity surveys have found declines in species like the Mahseer fish due to dams restricting migration. The construction of over 30 major dams on the river network, including the controversial Sardar Sarovar Dam, have degraded habitat and impacted biodiversity through reduced water flows and loss of habitat. Conservation efforts are needed to protect the biodiversity and resources of the culturally and ecologically important Narmada River.

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    Presenataion on Narmada river system India

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    The document summarizes the biodiversity found in the Narmada River system in India. It notes that the river is home to a diverse array of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, molluscs and over 85 fish species. However, many biodiversity surveys have found declines in species like the Mahseer fish due to dams restricting migration. The construction of over 30 major dams on the river network, including the controversial Sardar Sarovar Dam, have degraded habitat and impacted biodiversity through reduced water flows and loss of habitat. Conservation efforts are needed to protect the biodiversity and resources of the culturally and ecologically important Narmada River.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    274 views18 pages

    Narmada River System

    Uploaded by

    Lovedeep Sharma
    The document summarizes the biodiversity found in the Narmada River system in India. It notes that the river is home to a diverse array of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macrophytes, molluscs and over 85 fish species. However, many biodiversity surveys have found declines in species like the Mahseer fish due to dams restricting migration. The construction of over 30 major dams on the river network, including the controversial Sardar Sarovar Dam, have degraded habitat and impacted biodiversity through reduced water flows and loss of habitat. Conservation efforts are needed to protect the biodiversity and resources of the culturally and ecologically important Narmada River.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Biodiversity of Narmada River

    System

    Lovedeep Sharma
    FSM-2018-50-02
    • Introduction
    • Biodiversity status
    • Major threats
    • Conservation
    • Literature cited
    Introduction
    • Origin: Amarkantak in the Maikala Hills in Anuppur District of
    Madhya Pradesh
    • Joins the Arabian Sea at about 10 km north of Bharuch via the Gulf
    of Cambay
    • Narmada river basin is situated: 72°32′ E and 81°45′ E longitudes
    21°20′ N and 23°45′ N latitudes
    • The river basin drains an area- 98,796 km2
    • Total length of this river - 1,312 km
    • Catchment area extends to: Madhya Pradesh(86.18%),
    Gujarat (11.6%) Maharashtra (1.5%)

    and Chattisgarh States (0.72%)


    • Narmada River has 41tributaries - 22 are on the left and 19 on right
    bank
    • The basin is characterized by humid tropical climate with an average
    annual rainfall of 1,178 mm.
    Biodiversity Of Narmada River
    • Phytoplankton - Green algae (Chlorophyceae) - 23 genera
    Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) - 7 genera
    BGA (Myxophyceae) - 10 genera
    • More dominant forms are: - Zygnema, Eudorina spp, Chlosterium

    spp., Spirogyra,Pediastrum simplex,

    Pediastrum duplex and Chlorella


    • In Narmada river the temporal succession of phytoplankton groups:

    Chlorophyceae > Cyanophyceae > Bacillariophyceae

    • Zooplankton - Copepoda , Cladocera, Protozoa and Rotifera.


    Macrophytes:
    • Free Floating - Azolla pinnata, Eichhornia crassipes, Vallisneria
    spiralis , Spirogyra
    • Submerged - Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata, Najas
    graminea
    • Emergent - Polygonum glabrum Typha domingensis, Cyperus
    amabilis, Sagittaria
    • Most common - Polygonum glabrum (dominant), Ipomea fistula,
    Najas sps. & Hydrilla
    Molluscs - 8 species of Gastropoda
    8 species of Pelecypoda
    Finfish Diversity of Narmada River System
    • Very first record of fish diversity of Narmada was on the hill stream
    of Satpura ranges (Hora and Nair 1941) – 40 species recorded.
    • Major families: Cyprinidae (dominant), Cobitidae, Ophiocephalidae,
    Gobiidae, Heteropneustidae, Siluridae, Ambassidae, Bagridae etc.
    • Important species : Tor spp, Labeo fimbriatus, Macrobrachium
    rosenbergii.
    • Recorded decline in Mahseer fishery as compared to the earlier
    times.
    • Rasbora daniconius – available in higher numbers.
    • Major gears: gill nets, cast nets, hook and line & other local nets
    Bag net is a common traditional gear - during winter month
    Biodiversity Records
    • Rao et al. (1991) reported 84 fish species from Narmada, Madhya
    Pradesh
    • Vyas et al. (2006) reported 47 fish species belonging to 29 genera,
    15 families and six orders in River Narmada.
    • Singh (2009) thoroughly studied finfish diversity of whole Narmada
    River and reported 61 fish species from its lower stretch.
    • Das et al. (2013) reported the availability of 90 fish species from the
    Narmada river.
    • Pathak et al. (2014) reported 58 species in western segment of
    Narmada river in Madhya Pradesh.
    • 85 species of fishes belonging to 12 orders, 35 families and 65
    genera were recorded from 72 km stretch of Narmada estuarine
    region.
    • Overall observations show that Narmada is highly diverse river
    system.
    Narmada Estuary
    • The largest estuary of the west coast of India – 30,000 ha area.
    • Fish diversity: Tenualosa ilisha, Otolithoides pama, Rhinomugil
    corsula, Arius arius, Cynoglossus cynoglossus, Lates calcarifer, Wallago
    attu, Harpadon nehereus and Mugil cephalus.
    • Hilsa catch was recorded 5180 ton in 2006–07 that reduced to only 419
    ton in 2014–15.
    • Cause: Sardar Sarovar dam
    • Impact: Less fresh water availability, sand bars near estuary mouth, loss
    of breeding, nursery and feeding grounds, over fishing.
    • Octopus in Narmada estuary for the first time: Bag Net catch during
    the routine survey (3-5 December 2018) by the research team from
    ICAR-CIFRI,Vadodara. 
    • Cistopus indicus (Rapp, 1835), commonly known as old woman octopus
    Major Projects on Narmada River
    S.No. Dams/Projects Year
    1. Sardar Sarovar Dam 1961(foundation)
    2017 (Inaugurated)
    2. Indira Sagar Dam 1984 (foundation)
    3. Omkareshwar Dam 2003-2007
    4. Bargi Dam 1988
    5. Tawa Dam 1978
    6. Narmada Canal 2008

    There are about 30 major dams on Narmada River Basin.


    Major Threats

    River pollution

    Destruction of
    Dams drainage basin

    River regulation,
    lift irrigation and
    water allocation
    Impact of Dams

    Hydro-ecology Dams Biodiversity

    Narmada Bachao Andolan (Save


    the Narmada Movement) has
    documented that 45,000 dam-
    affected families - Sardar Sarovar
    Dam
    Status of Mahseer: Then & Now
    “A Note on the Food and Feeding Habits of Tor Mahseer, Tor tor
    (Hamilton) from River Narmada, 1968. journal, Bombay Natural Hist.
    Society, Vol. 65 (2)”
    • Tor tor Ham.– first rank in commercial catches
    • 28% of total landing

    • Karamchandani et al. (1967) reported the production of the species to


    fluctuate between 5.7 and 9.6 metric tons, sharing 25.5–29.6% of the
    total catch during 1958–1966 at a landing station (Shahganj) in
    Madhya Pradesh.
    • Mahseer production in the Narmada River also dropped to a low of 53 t
    in 1996–1997 from 330 t recorded in 1992–1993 (Govt.info. Madhya
    Pradesh).
    • But in recent years, decline was recorded and also it is considered as
    endangered species (Bhaumik et al., 2017).
    Reasons of Decline

    • Physical barriers (Dams)- restricted the breeding movements


    to the hilly terrains
    • Disappearance of natural feeding grounds downstream
    • Egg production potential – suffered significantly
    {Unni (1996) mentioned the Narmada river as the only
    natural source of Mahseer eggs}
    Stock
    improve
    -ment

    Conserva- Conserva-
    tion of fish tion of the
    stocks resources

    Conservation

    Environ- Awareness
    mental develop-
    protection ment
    Narmada: Before 2000
    1998

    Hora, S.L., Nair, K.K., 1941. Fishes of


    the Satpura range, Hoshangabad
    district, Central Provinces. Rec.
    Indian Mus. 43 (3), 361– 375.
    Narmada- 2000-2019

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