Social Stratification

Social
Stratification
Stratification
✓ It comes from the Latin word “strata”
which means level
✓ It means arranging something, or
something that has been arranged, into
categories
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“
All history has been a history
of class struggles between
dominated classes at various
stages of social development.
̶ Friedrich Engels
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Social Stratification
What is Social Stratification?
It refers to the division of It gives rise to inequality in
large social groups into society, as members are
smaller groups based on distinguished by their
categories determined by membership in and relation
economics. to social groups and
categories.
Members of society are
arranged in a hierarchy based Sociologists relate social
on their access to or control stratification to social
over basic economic standings.
resources.
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Bases of Social
Stratification
Wealth Race
Property Gender
Religion
Access to material and
cultural goods
Access to Political
power
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Upper
Class
Middle Middle
Class Class
Lower Lower Lower Lower

Class Class Class Class
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Maps
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Systems of
Stratification
What are the different systems of
stratification?
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Systems of Stratification
Closed System Class System

Open System Meritocracy
Caste System
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Closed System Open System
Impose rigid boundaries Allowing more flexibility
between social groups in social roles, increased
and limit interactions social mobility, and better
among members who interaction among social
belong to different social groups and classes.
groups or occupy
different levels in the
social hierarchy.
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Caste System Class System
This are closed a stratification system
stratification system based on the ownership
because people are of resources and the
unable to change their individuals occupation or
social standing. People profession. A social class
born into caste society are is composed of people
socialized to accept their who share the same
social standing. background and
characteristics.
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Meritocracy
A system that is determined by personal effort and
merit. Social standing and advancement in this system
is determined by how well a person performs his or her
social role.
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2 types of Marriages
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2 types of Marriages
Exogamous Endogamous
Marriages between people Marriages between people
who come from different from the same social classes-
social classes. are also common, but these
unions are not imposed and
are entered into freely by the
individuals.
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Social
Mobility
What is Social Mobility?
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Social Mobility
It is the ability of individuals or
groups to change their positions
within a social stratification system. It
also refers to how individuals
progress from a lower to a higher
social class.
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Types of Social Mobility
Upward Downward Structural
Upward movements in Lowering of an Large-scale changes in
social class. Individuals individuals social class. society can result in the
who rose to fame or power Brought about economic improvement or decline of
like politicians and setbacks, unemployment's, the conditions and status
celebrities. illness, and dropping out of a large group of people.
of school.
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Types of Social Mobility
Intragenerational Intergenerational
Focuses on the experience Refers to the changes in
of people who belong to social standing
the same generation. It experienced by
also considers the changes individuals belonging in
in a person’s social different generation.
standing throughout his or
her lifetime.
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Theoretical
Perspective on Social
Stratification
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Functionalism
Functionalist believes that each part or aspects of
society serves an important purpose.
Certain task in society are more valued than others, and
the greater individuals who are able to perform highly
valued work are rewarded with greater income, prestige,
and power in society.
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Conflict Theory
Conflict theories Conflict theories draw Karl Marx believed
believed that many ideas from the that social
stratification works of Karl Marx stratification is
perpetuates inequality. influenced by
economic forces, and
that relationships in
society are defined by
factors of production.
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Society is Divided into two
Groups
Bourgeois Proletariat
Are called Capitalists who Lacks power and
own the factors of influence, and great
production such as experiences great
resources, land and
hardships.
businesses.
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Theory of conspicuous
Symbolic consumption
Interactionism Buying certain products to

make social statement about
status.
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Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at:
✓ kass4640@gmail.com
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Social

Lower Lower Lower Lower

Closed System Class System

Interactionism Buying certain products to

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