String Handling in Java
Introduction
• Strings are defined as an array of characters. The
difference between a character array and a string is
the string is terminated with a special character
‘\0’.
• In Java, a string is an object that represents a
sequence of characters.
• The java.lang.String class is used to create string
object.
• In java, objects of String are immutable which
means a constant and cannot be changed once
created.
Creating Strings
• By string literal : Java String literal is created
by using double quotes.
For Example: String s=“Welcome”;
• By new keyword : by using a keyword “new”.
For example:
String s=new String(“Welcome”);
String Methods
• int length(): Returns the number of characters
in the String. String s = “hello world”
Eg: s.length(); // returns 12
• Char charAt(int i): Returns the character at ith
index. Eg: s.charAt(3); // returns ‘l’
• String substring (int i): Return the substring
from the ith index character to end.
Eg: s.string(3); // returns “lo world”
// Java code to illustrate different constructors and methods
// String class.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class Test
{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
String s= "GeeksforGeeks";
// or String s= new String ("GeeksforGeeks");
// Returns the number of characters in the String.
System.out.println("String length = " + s.length());
// Returns the character at ith index.
System.out.println("Character at 3rd position = “+ s.charAt(3));
// Return the substring from the ith index character to end of string
System.out.println("Substring " + s.substring(3));
// Returns the substring from i to j-1 index.
System.out.println("Substring = " + s.substring(2,5));
// Concatenates string2 to the end of string1.
String s1 = "Geeks"; String s2 = "forGeeks";
System.out.println("Concatenated string = " + s1.concat(s2));
// Returns the index within the string of the first occurrence of the
specified string.
String s4 = "Learn Share Learn";
System.out.println("Index of Share " + s4.indexOf("Share"));
// Returns the index within the string of the first occurrence of the
specified string, starting at the specified index.
System.out.println("Index of a = " + s4.indexOf('a',3));
// Checking equality of Strings
Boolean out = "Geeks".equals("geeks");
System.out.println("Checking Equality " + out);
out = "Geeks".equals("Geeks");
System.out.println("Checking Equality " + out);
out = "Geeks".equalsIgnoreCase("gEeks ");
System.out.println("Checking Equality " + out);
int out1 = s1.compareTo(s2);
System.out.println("If s1 = s2 " + out);
// Converting cases
String word1 = "GeeKyMe";
System.out.println ("Changing to lower Case " +
word1.toLowerCase());
// Converting cases
String word2 = "GeekyME";
System.out.println("Changing to UPPER Case " +
word1.toUpperCase());
// Trimming the word
String word4 = " Learn Share Learn ";
System.out.println("Trim the word " + word4.trim());
// Replacing characters
String str1 = "feeksforfeeks";
System.out.println("Original String " + str1);
String str2 = "feeksforfeeks".replace('f' ,'g') ;
System.out.println("Replaced f with g -> " + str2);
}
}
Output:
String length = 13
Character at 3rd position = k
Substring ksforGeeks
Substring = eks
Concatenated string = GeeksforGeeks
Index of Share 6
Index of a = 8
Checking Equality false
Checking Equality true
Checking Equality false
If s1 = s2 false
Changing to lower Case geekyme
Changing to UPPER Case GEEKYME
Trim the word Learn Share Learn
Original String feeksforfeeks
Replaced f with g -> geeksgorgeeks
