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    Extraoral Techniques

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    Ahmed Osama Rifaie
    The document describes various extraoral radiographic projections used in dentistry including cephalometric, lateral skull, oblique mandible, and panoramic views. It provides details on anatomical landmarks, equipment used, and clinical indications for each projection type.

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    Extraoral Techniques

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Osama Rifaie
    11 views34 pages
    The document describes various extraoral radiographic projections used in dentistry including cephalometric, lateral skull, oblique mandible, and panoramic views. It provides details on anatomical landmarks, equipment used, and clinical indications for each projection type.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document describes various extraoral radiographic projections used in dentistry including cephalometric, lateral skull, oblique mandible, and panoramic views. It provides details on anatomical landmarks, equipment used, and clinical indications for each projection type.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views34 pages

    Extraoral Techniques

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Osama Rifaie
    The document describes various extraoral radiographic projections used in dentistry including cephalometric, lateral skull, oblique mandible, and panoramic views. It provides details on anatomical landmarks, equipment used, and clinical indications for each projection type.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 34

    EXTRA ORAL

    • Extraoral image receptor dimensions:


    • 1)cephalometric and skull views(8×10 inch)
    • 2)oblique lateral projections of the mandible(5×7 inch)
    • Main anatomic landamrks
    • Canthomeatal line: joins outer canthus of the eye and the central point of the external aud.
    Meatus(forms 10° with frankfort plane)
    • Frankfort plane: joines infraorbital rim with the sup. Border of the external aud. Canal
    1)LATERAL PROJECTIONS

    • A) True lateral skull projection


    • Shows skull vault and facial skeleton from the lateral aspect
    • Its used when single lateral view of the skull is required but not in ortho or growth studies
    • Indications: fractures of the cranium and the cranial base
    • Frontal sphemoidal max.sinus investigations
    • Conditions affecting skukl vault(paget,MM,hyperparathroidsim) and sella turcica(pit. Gland tumor)
    • True lateral skull cephalometric projection:
    • Its a standardized and reproducible radiographic projection used extensively in ortho
    • Indications
    • In ortho: Diagnosis,TTT , monitoring TTT success
    • In Orthognathic surgery: Preop. Evaluation of skeletal and sodt tissue patterns
    • To assist in TTT planning
    • Post. Op. Assessment or surgical results
    • Cephalostat(craniostat):
    • Head positioning and stabilizing apparatus,Fixed antiscatter grid ,Cassette holder
    • Aluminium wedge filter
    • Function: it attentuates the xray beam selectively in the area of facial soft tissues bec. These
    tissues are not dense enough to produce a visible radiographic shadow(enables soft tissue profile
    to be seen)
    • B) Lateral Oblique: shows one side of the mandible
    • Assessment of unerupted teeth
    • Detection of mandibular fractures
    • Evaluation of lesions affecting mandible
    • As an alternative when intraoral views are unobtainable bec. Of severe
    gagging,inconcious patient, pateint is unalbe to open his mouth.
    • Bimolar technique:used for the radiographic peojection showing oblique lateral views of
    the right and left jaw sides
    C)Lateral TMJ
    Transcranial projection: it shows articular eminence,glenoid fossa, joint space,condylar
    head
    • Transpharyngeal projection: shows the lateral aspect of condylar head and neck and
    articular surface
    2)PA PROJECTIONS

    • A) True PA: showing skull vault eso. frontal bones and jaws
    • Indications:
    • Fractures in the skull vault
    • Investigation of frontal sinuses
    • Mandibular lesions and pathological lesios
    • Conditions affecting cranium(paget,MMM,hyperparathyrodsim)
    • PA cephalometric: used in pre op. And post op. Comparisons in orthogn. Surgery
    • Also used in assessement of facial asymmetries
    • Its technique is similar to true PA except: the head is stabilized in the cephalostat
    • The patient is placed so that cephalomeatal line forms a 10° with the horizontal plane
    • Frankfurt plane is perpendicular to the image receptor
    • B)water’s view(occipitomental ):shows facial skeleton and maxillary antrum
    • Indications:
    • Investigation of the max. Antrum
    • Investigation of frontal,eyhmoidal,sphenoid sinus.
    • Detection of the midfacial fractures( leFort 1,2,3).
    • Coronoid process fractures
    • N.B. If the patient’s mouth is open, the sphenoid sinus will be seen superimpositioned
    over the palate
    • C)Reverse-Towne’s( Open mouth)
    • Indications:
    • Suncondylar fractures
    • Condylar hyperplasia or hypoplasia
    3) AP PROJECTION

    • A)Submentovertex: shows the base of the skull, sphenoidal sinus,fa ial skeleton from
    below.
    • Indications:
    • Lesions affecting the base of the skull,palate,pterygoid region
    • Zygomatic fracture(underesposed view)
    • Sphenoid sinus, position of condyles
    • B)Transorbital: it shows the entire mediolateral dimension of the articular
    eminence,condylar head and neck
    • Indications:condylar neck fractures

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