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    3 - The Helical Spring

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    كمبيوتر العائله
    The document describes the behavior of helical springs. It explains that springs are made of coiled metal and obey Hooke's law, where the extension of the spring is proportional to the applied force. It also describes how springs demonstrate simple harmonic motion when a mass is attached and allowed to oscillate. An experiment is outlined to measure the extension of a spring from different masses and use the results to calculate the spring constant and acceleration of gravity.

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    3 - The Helical Spring

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    كمبيوتر العائله
    18 views8 pages
    The document describes the behavior of helical springs. It explains that springs are made of coiled metal and obey Hooke's law, where the extension of the spring is proportional to the applied force. It also describes how springs demonstrate simple harmonic motion when a mass is attached and allowed to oscillate. An experiment is outlined to measure the extension of a spring from different masses and use the results to calculate the spring constant and acceleration of gravity.

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    3- The Helical Spring

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    The document describes the behavior of helical springs. It explains that springs are made of coiled metal and obey Hooke's law, where the extension of the spring is proportional to the applied force. It also describes how springs demonstrate simple harmonic motion when a mass is attached and allowed to oscillate. An experiment is outlined to measure the extension of a spring from different masses and use the results to calculate the spring constant and acceleration of gravity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views8 pages

    3 - The Helical Spring

    Uploaded by

    كمبيوتر العائله
    The document describes the behavior of helical springs. It explains that springs are made of coiled metal and obey Hooke's law, where the extension of the spring is proportional to the applied force. It also describes how springs demonstrate simple harmonic motion when a mass is attached and allowed to oscillate. An experiment is outlined to measure the extension of a spring from different masses and use the results to calculate the spring constant and acceleration of gravity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Helical Spring

    Dr. Faris Alzahrani


     Waves
    - There are two types of waves; the mechanical wave and the electromagnetic waves.

    - A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy
    through a medium. This energy propagates in the same direction as the wave. In contrast,
    electromagnetic waves require no medium.

    Figure 1 (a) Figure 1 (b)


    - There are two type of a mechanical wave; Transverse wave
    and Longitudinal wave.

    Transverse wave
    is a moving wave whose oscillations (vibrate) are perpendicular
    to the direction of the wave or path of propagation. For
    example, the pendulum waves.

    Longitudinal waves Figure 2 (a)


    is a moving wave whose oscillations (vibrate) are parallel to the
    direction of the wave. longitudinal waves are also called
    compressional waves, because they produce compression and
    rarefaction when traveling through a medium, and pressure
    waves, because they produce increases and decreases in
    pressure. For example, the Helical spring waves, also the Sound
    waves.

    Figure 2 (b)
    The Helical spring

    Materials can behave in different ways when a force is applied to them. Elastic materials for instance usually
    change shape when a force is applied to them. When the force is removed, elastic materials usually return to their
    original shape. A good example of an elastic material is an elastic band.

    As you may know, springs are made from coils of metals and can be compressed or stretched if a force is applied
    to them. The behavior of springs was first investigated by a man called Robert Hooke who applied different
    weights to springs and found that the extension of a spring is proportional to the force applied. This is called
    Hooke’s law. As the force on the spring F increases so does the extension of the spring x, in direct proportion

      ∝𝑥
    𝐹

    𝑚𝑔=𝑘𝑥
     

    However as you may have seen, if too big a force is applied to a spring, they can be stretched out of shape. There
    comes a point when Hooke’s law no longer applies, and the extension is not proportional to the applied force. This
    point is called the elastic limit.
     Objective
    Calculate the acceleration of gravity ‘g’ and study the simple harmonic motion.

    Theory

    When a body of mass m is suspended from a spring, its weight () causes the spring to elongate. The elongation x, is
    directly proportional to the force exerted. The motion of a body that oscillates back and forth is defined as simple
    harmonic motion if there exists a restoring force F that is opposite and directly proportional to the distance x that the
    body is displaced from its equilibrium position. This relationship between the restoring force F and the displacement
    x may be written as

    where k is a constant of proportionality (spring constant). The minus sign indicates that the force is oppositely
    directed to the displacement and is always towards the equilibrium position.
    Whenever
      a mass (m) is subject to such a restoring force and is caused to oscillate back and forth, this motion is
    called simple harmonic motion, the time for one complete oscillation is defined as the period T and from Newton's
    2nd law and then the angular frequency (w) of simple hormonic motion equation we get;

    And we know that, one revolution is equal to 2π radians, then the relation between the angular frequency (w) and the
    time for one complete oscillation (period, T) is ;

    ,
     PROCEDURE

    1. Attached a mass from the spring and measure the extension of the spring (change of length, ).
    2. Increase the mass and spring and measure the new extension of the spring.
    3. Record the extension ∆x and the mass (m) each time.
    4. Plot the relation between the extension as (x-axis) and the mass as (y-axis), find the slope of the straight-line.
    5. Calculate the gravity acceleration;
    Thank you for listening
    !Any Questions

    Dr. Faris Alzahrani

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