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    Binomial Nomenclature: - Genus + Species - Examples

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    The document discusses taxonomic classification and binomial nomenclature. It explains that Linnaeus established a hierarchical classification system consisting of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Each organism is assigned a unique two-part scientific name combining its genus and specific epithet. This standardized naming convention allows clear communication between scientists and reflects evolutionary relationships between organisms.

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    Binomial Nomenclature: - Genus + Species - Examples

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    The document discusses taxonomic classification and binomial nomenclature. It explains that Linnaeus established a hierarchical classification system consisting of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Each organism is assigned a unique two-part scientific name combining its genus and specific epithet. This standardized naming convention allows clear communication between scientists and reflects evolutionary relationships between organisms.

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    4. Nama Ilmiah

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    The document discusses taxonomic classification and binomial nomenclature. It explains that Linnaeus established a hierarchical classification system consisting of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Each organism is assigned a unique two-part scientific name combining its genus and specific epithet. This standardized naming convention allows clear communication between scientists and reflects evolutionary relationships between organisms.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    190 views19 pages

    Binomial Nomenclature: - Genus + Species - Examples

    Uploaded by

    tiara
    The document discusses taxonomic classification and binomial nomenclature. It explains that Linnaeus established a hierarchical classification system consisting of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Each organism is assigned a unique two-part scientific name combining its genus and specific epithet. This standardized naming convention allows clear communication between scientists and reflects evolutionary relationships between organisms.

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    Binomial Nomenclature

    • Genus + species
    • Examples:
    – Rana catesbeiana: bull frog
    – Turdus migratorius: American robin
    – Homo sapiens: modern human
    – Mucsa domestica: house fly
    • Subspecies sometimes included
    – Gorilla gorilla beringei: mountain gorilla
    Taxonomic Hierarchy
    • Linnaeus classified organisms into
    groups, based on shared characteristics.
    • There were different levels of groups.
    • Each level nests within the group above.
    • In his system, the Kingdom was the most
    inclusive. Successive groups contain
    fewer and fewer organisms.
    Linnaeus and Classification
    • Carolus Linnaeus designed our hierarchical
    classification scheme.
    – Kingdom
    – Phylum
    – Class
    – Order
    – Family
    – Genus
    – Species
    Linnean System of Classification
    Kingdom Animalia
    Phylum Chordata
    Class Mammalia
    Order Primates
    Family Hominidae
    Genus Gorilla
    Species Gorilla gorilla
    Revised Linnean System
    Division Eukarya
    Kingdom Animalia
    Phylum Chordata
    Subphylum Vertebrata
    Superclass Tetrapoda
    Class Mammalia
    Subclass Theria
    Infraclass Eutheria
    Order Primates
    Superfamily Anthropoidea
    Family Hominidae
    Subfamily Ponginae
    Genus Gorilla
    Species Gorilla gorilla
    Subspecies Gorilla gorilla beringei
    Binomial Nomenclature
    • Idea is that each species is assigned a
    unique name
    • Name has two parts: a genus name
    and a specific epithet
    • Together, the two words make up the
    scientific name of the species
    Binomial Nomenclature
    • Allows clear communication between
    different researchers
    • Prevents confusion that can occur from
    use of common names
    Scientific Names: General Guidelines

    • Scientific names are based on Latin.


    • Scientific names are always italicized
    (when printed) or underlined (when
    hand-written)
    • Modern scientific names follow
    international guidelines
    Scientific Names: General Guidelines

    • Different species with the same genus


    name are considered to be more closely
    related to each other than to other
    species.
    • Genus name is always capitalized;
    specific epithet is always lower-case.
    Example

    • Panthera leo – lion


    • Panthera onca – jaguar
    • Panthera pardus – leopard
    • Uncia uncia – snow leopard
    • Lions, jaguars and leopards are more
    closely related to each other than to
    snow leopards.
    Modern Taxonomy
    • Modern taxonomy is in a state of flux.
    • As genomes are sequenced for different
    organisms, evolutionary relationships
    often become more clear. Taxonomy
    should reflect those relationships.
    • Expect major changes in taxonomy over
    the next several years.
    Modern
    Taxonomic
    Hierarchy
    Example: Giant Anteater
    Myrmecophaga tridactyla
    Domain: Eukarya
    Kingdom: Animalia
    Phylum: Chordata
    Class: Mammalia
    Order: Xenarthra
    Family:
    Myrmecophagidae
    Genus: Myrmecophaga
    Species:
    Myrmecophaga
    tridactyla
    Categories and Taxa
    • In this hierarch of classification, the different
    levels are categories.
    • A named group at a level is called a taxon
    (plural = taxa).
    • The giant anteater is in Class Mammalia.
    Class is the category; Mammalia is the taxon.
    • The giant anteater is in Family
    Myrmecophagidae. Family is the category;
    Myrmecophagidae is the taxon.
    Paham-paham dalam taksonomi

    1. Taksonomi Numerik (Numerical Taxonomy)

    2. Biologi Evolusi (Evolutionary Biology)

    3. Sistematik Filogeni (Phylogenetic systematic =


    Cladistic)
    • Taksonomi Numerik (Numerical Taxonomy)
    • Klasifikasi organisme dengan pendekataan
    taksonomi numerik atau dikenal dengan fenetik
    adalah sangat objektif dan dapat diuji secara
    statistik
    • Teori taksonomi numerik menekankan pendekatan
    pada semua kesamaan dan atau perbedaan karakter
    taksa
    • Metode yang umum digunakan untuk analisis fenetik
    adalah:
    • PCA (Principle Component Analysis),
    • UPMGA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using
    Arithmetic) dan
    • WPGMA (Weigthed pair group method)
    • Pada dasarnya fenetik memiliki dua prinsip analisis
    yaaitu pengelompokan (clustering) dan ordinasi
    (ordination)
    • Metode clustering mengelompokan dan
    memisahkan unit operasional taksonomi (OUT’s)
    = Operational Taxonomi Unit
    • Hasil akhir dari metode clustering berupa
    fenogram (phenogram) yang menunjukkan adanya
    diagram dari cabang-cabang diagraam dari
    cabang-cabang kekerabatan yang menunjukan
    tingkat kedekatan
    Thank
    .

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