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    Turbine Stress Evaluator

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    sumit
    The turbine stress evaluator (TSE) monitors and displays the thermal stresses and temperature margins of critical turbine components to guide safe start-up, operation, and shutdown. It has 5 computing channels that measure surface and inner temperatures of components like the emergency stop valve, shafts, and control valve. It calculates the difference between actual and permissible temperature differences to determine available temperature margins. During operation, it converts these margins to corresponding load margins using algorithms to indicate the limits for further loading or unloading the turbine generator set. Maintaining adequate temperature margins above 30°K using steam temperature control allows optimized rate of speed increase, loading, and unloading.

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    Turbine Stress Evaluator

    Uploaded by

    sumit
    167 views14 pages
    The turbine stress evaluator (TSE) monitors and displays the thermal stresses and temperature margins of critical turbine components to guide safe start-up, operation, and shutdown. It has 5 computing channels that measure surface and inner temperatures of components like the emergency stop valve, shafts, and control valve. It calculates the difference between actual and permissible temperature differences to determine available temperature margins. During operation, it converts these margins to corresponding load margins using algorithms to indicate the limits for further loading or unloading the turbine generator set. Maintaining adequate temperature margins above 30°K using steam temperature control allows optimized rate of speed increase, loading, and unloading.

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    The turbine stress evaluator (TSE) monitors and displays the thermal stresses and temperature margins of critical turbine components to guide safe start-up, operation, and shutdown. It has 5 computing channels that measure surface and inner temperatures of components like the emergency stop valve, shafts, and control valve. It calculates the difference between actual and permissible temperature differences to determine available temperature margins. During operation, it converts these margins to corresponding load margins using algorithms to indicate the limits for further loading or unloading the turbine generator set. Maintaining adequate temperature margins above 30°K using steam temperature control allows optimized rate of speed increase, loading, and unloading.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    167 views14 pages

    Turbine Stress Evaluator

    Uploaded by

    sumit
    The turbine stress evaluator (TSE) monitors and displays the thermal stresses and temperature margins of critical turbine components to guide safe start-up, operation, and shutdown. It has 5 computing channels that measure surface and inner temperatures of components like the emergency stop valve, shafts, and control valve. It calculates the difference between actual and permissible temperature differences to determine available temperature margins. During operation, it converts these margins to corresponding load margins using algorithms to indicate the limits for further loading or unloading the turbine generator set. Maintaining adequate temperature margins above 30°K using steam temperature control allows optimized rate of speed increase, loading, and unloading.

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    TURBINE STRESS

    EVALUATOR

    By
    SUMIT CHAURASIA
    EE , TMD-III
    2X250 MW, PTPP, Parichha
    Turbine Stress Evaluator (TSE)
    Function:
    The turbine is equipped with Turbine Stress Evaluator to
    assist in attaining optimized start-up, operation and
    shutdown without impairing the expected operating life.
    During changes in operation of the turbine, the internals of
    turbine are subjected to temperature fluctuations resulting in
    thermal stresses. The maximum thermal stress is
    proportional to the difference in temperature at the surface
    on the steam side and the mid wall temperature. This
    difference is compared with the permissible temperature
    difference, which is determined on the basis of -
     Estimated load cycle on turbine
     Thermal fatigue strength of material.
     The geometry of the components.
    Turbine Stress Evaluator (TSE)
    The difference between permissible temperature difference
    and the actual difference between surface & middle
    wall temperatures is known as available temperature
    margin.
    The margins are evaluated in an analogue computing
    circuit and displayed in the instruments as upper and lower
    temperature margins up to the stage of synchronization
    and as load margins during subsequent loading. The
    display also indicates the component, which is critical at
    any given time.
    Turbine Stress Evaluator (TSE)

    The scheme of TSE consists of following five computing


    channels
    1. Emergency Stop Valve
    2. IP turbine shaft
    3. HP turbine casing
    4. HP turbine shaft
    5. HP Control Valve

    Channels 1& 5 (ESV & HPCV) form the steam


    admission area and channels 2, 3 & 4 form the turbine
    area.
    The input to turbine stress evaluator is supplied by thermo-couples
    mounted on stop valve, high pressure turbine and intermediate
    pressure turbine. Ni Cr-Ni thermocouples (WT Sensors) are used
    for measuring the surface temperature near steam (Θ i) and mean
    temperature (mid wall temperature) (Θ m) for the five channels.
    But for channels 2 & 4 (HP & IP shaft), the mean shaft
    temperature (Θm) is derived by computation from (Θi) .
    The output of thermocouple is fed to analog signal conditioning
    cabinet where it is converted into 4 - 20 mA signal and fed to
    TSE cabinet .
    The actual load of the turbine generator set Pact is measured
    separately and a current signal of 4-20 mA is available for
    load indication and computation of load margins. The speed
    is also measured separately and 4 - 20 mA signal is
    available for display in TSE indicator.
     
    Turbine Stress Evaluator (TSE)
    Computation
    The permissible temperature margins are converted into
    permissible load margins with the help of mechanical
    stress calculations for on load operation of the TG set.
    The available temperature margins are converted into
    corresponding load margins by TSE circuitry with
    the help of mathematical algorithms. These load
    margins are the guiding factors to further load or
    unload the TG set on both manual and automatic
    mode
    Turbine Stress Evaluator (TSE)

    Principle of Operation
    In each computing channel, the difference between
    (Θm) and (Θi) is calculated as (ΔΘ) and this is compared
    with the permissible upper and lower temperature
    difference (ΔΘu) per. and (ΔΘL) per. which are dependent
    on the mid wall temperature and are derived from
    function generators.
    The difference between (ΔΘu) per. and (ΔΘ) gives the
    upper temperature margin whereas difference between
    (ΔΘL) per and (ΔΘ) gives the lower temperature
    margin. These margins are called available temperature
    margins and are represented by (ΔΘu) and (ΔΘL) the
    lower temperature margins of admission area and
    turbine area.
    Turbine Stress Evaluator (TSE)
    During no load and start-up and shutdown operations the
    temperature margins are indicated for admission (or for
    the turbine area whichever is lower or as selected),
    together with the instantaneous speed. During on load
    operation the upper and lower load margins ΔPu and ΔPL
    are computed from available minimum temperature
    margins and are displayed together with instantaneous
    load value.
    Turbine Stress Evaluator (TSE)
    Significance of TSE Margins
    The difference between permissible temperature difference
    and actual difference in temperature is known as temperature
    margin.
    The maximum permissible temperature difference
    allowed Vs Θm (mid wall temperature). These curves
    depend upon the thickness of the material at the point
    where the margins are calculated, and as well as on
    material composition. Hence all the five channels of TSE
    have different curves.
    Calculation of margins with respect to Θm of 250°C
    Steam Temp Θi = 280° C
    Mid Wall Temp Θm = 250° C
     Θ act = Θi - Θm
    = 280 -250 = 30° C
    Maximum Upper Permissible Difference = 60 ° K
    Maximum lower Permissible Difference = 30 ° K
    The Maximum Upper Margin = Θ Permissible -  Θ act
    = 60°K- 30°K
    Similarly from Lower curve,
    The maximum lower margin = -80-30 = -110 ° K
    Hence
    Θi maximum = 280+30 = 310 ° C
    Θi minimum = 280-110 = 170 ° C
    The inference of the above computation of upper and lower temperature margins
    is that the steam temperature Θi can be increased by 30°C (to the level of 310°C)
    safely. This is known as upper margin. Similarly Θ i can be decreased by 110°C
    safely and this is known as lower margins.
    Effect of TSE Influence
     The influence of margin during rolling is such that the rate of rise
    of speed is directly proportional to TSE margins between 0 -
    30°K rpm/ min.
     If margin is more than 30°K, then the speed increases at a
    constant maximum rate of 600 rpm/min.
    During loaded condition, the rate of rise of load depends upon
    upper margin and rate of decrease of load depends upon lower
    margin as follows:
     TSE Margin 0- 30°K =0 - 25 MW/min. If the margin is
    more than 30°K load will increase/decrease at a constant
    maximum rate of 25 MW/min. Between 0- 30°K of margin, the
    rate of rise of load is directly proportional to margin.
     Hence operator should maintain TSE margins well above 30°K
    while rolling & loading the set by proper control of MS & HRH
    steam temperatures.

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