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    Arguments

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    Thisisabot
    An argument is a series of statements intended to determine the truth of a conclusion. However, arguments can be based on faulty reasoning or fallacies. Fallacies are errors in reasoning and some are used intentionally to convince others. Examples of common fallacies include attacking the person making the argument, appealing to emotions, traditions or popular opinion, circular reasoning, and flawed assumptions. When evaluating opinions, it is important to consider any biases held by the presenter that could influence their views. Biases refer to tendencies that affect a person's perspective without being errors in reasoning.

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    Arguments

    Uploaded by

    Thisisabot
    49 views13 pages
    An argument is a series of statements intended to determine the truth of a conclusion. However, arguments can be based on faulty reasoning or fallacies. Fallacies are errors in reasoning and some are used intentionally to convince others. Examples of common fallacies include attacking the person making the argument, appealing to emotions, traditions or popular opinion, circular reasoning, and flawed assumptions. When evaluating opinions, it is important to consider any biases held by the presenter that could influence their views. Biases refer to tendencies that affect a person's perspective without being errors in reasoning.

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    An argument is a series of statements intended to determine the truth of a conclusion. However, arguments can be based on faulty reasoning or fallacies. Fallacies are errors in reasoning and some are used intentionally to convince others. Examples of common fallacies include attacking the person making the argument, appealing to emotions, traditions or popular opinion, circular reasoning, and flawed assumptions. When evaluating opinions, it is important to consider any biases held by the presenter that could influence their views. Biases refer to tendencies that affect a person's perspective without being errors in reasoning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    49 views13 pages

    Arguments

    Uploaded by

    Thisisabot
    An argument is a series of statements intended to determine the truth of a conclusion. However, arguments can be based on faulty reasoning or fallacies. Fallacies are errors in reasoning and some are used intentionally to convince others. Examples of common fallacies include attacking the person making the argument, appealing to emotions, traditions or popular opinion, circular reasoning, and flawed assumptions. When evaluating opinions, it is important to consider any biases held by the presenter that could influence their views. Biases refer to tendencies that affect a person's perspective without being errors in reasoning.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 13

    ARGUMENTS

    In logic and philosophy, an argument is a series of


    statements, called the premises, intended to determine
    the degree of truth of another statement, the
    conclusion.
    However, a number of arguments may be based on faulty reasoning

    FALLACIES

    Some of the fallacies are intentional, as the person


    making the claim is desperate to convince to accept his or
    her argument.
    Examples of Fallacies:

    FALLACY CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLE


    1. Ad hominem Attacking the person We cannot listen to
    presenting the John’s opinion on global
    argument instead of the warming because he is a
    argument itself. tree hugger.
    Examples of Fallacies:

    2. Appeal to force Using the threat of force Student: I deserve an A


    or an undesirable event in the course. You know
    to advance an argument that my father is a good
    friend of the principal.
    3. Appeal to emotion Using emotions such as I realize I’m not
    pity or sympathy qualified, but if you
    don’t give me this job,
    my children will starve.
    Examples of Fallacies:

    4. Appeal to the popular The ideas is presented All the popular, cool
    as acceptable because a kids have tattoos;
    lot of people accept it therefore, I should get a
    tattoo too.
    5. Appeal to tradition The idea is acceptable I was raised in a
    because it has been true Christian family for
    for a long time many years. We were
    Christians for five
    generations. Therefore, I
    must marry a Christian
    guy and raise my kid as
    a Christian.
    Examples of Fallacies:

    6. Begging the question Assuming the thing or I have a right to free


    idea to be proven is speech, therefore you
    true; also known as cannot stop me from
    “circular argument” talking.
    7. cause-and-effect Assuming a “cause-and- I was raised in a
    effect” relationship Christian family for
    between unrelated many years. We were
    events. Christians for five
    generations. Therefore, I
    must marry a Christian
    guy and raise my kid as
    a Christian.
    Examples of Fallacies:

    8. Fallacy of Assuming that what is These cases of robbery


    composition true of a part is true for in this district have
    the whole convinced me that the
    city has become a den
    of thieves and criminals.
    9. Fallacy of division Assuming that what is You come from a family
    true for the whole is true of doctors and
    for its parts. intellectuals! Surely you
    can do better in this
    course.
    When looking at an opinion, be aware of bias or the personal views
    of the person presenting it

    Biases are not necessarily errors in reasoning, but refer to


    tendencies or influences which affect the views of people.
    Examples of biases:
    1. Correspondence bias Tendency to judge a These soldiers who
    or attribution effect person’s personality by fought in the war are all
    his or her actions, bloodthirsty murderers!
    without regard for
    external factors or
    influences
    2. Confirmation bias Tendency to look for How can I accept his
    and readily accept view that there is no
    information which fits God? I am a Christian
    one’s own beliefs or
    views and to reject ideas
    or views that go against
    it
    Examples of biases:
    3. Framing Focusing on a certain Preliminary evidence has
    aspect of a problem while still not pointed out the
    ignoring other aspects actual cause of the plane
    crash, but investigators
    are currently focusing on
    the possibility of pilot
    error.
    4. hindsight The tendency to see past Magellan’s assault on
    events as predictable, or Mactan Island was a
    to ascribe a pattern to foolhardy venture, made
    historical events by an overconfident,
    careless man who
    underestimated the valor
    of the native Filipinos.
    Examples of biases:
    5. Conflict of interest A person or group is As the daughter of the
    connected to or has a accused, I believe I have
    vested interest in the the right to express my
    issue being discussed. opinion on the issue of
    his alleged corrupt
    practices.
    6. Cultural bias Analyzing an event or I do not agree with this
    issue based on one’s Western practice of
    cultural standards. placing aged parents in
    retirement homes. We
    Filipinos take care of our
    family members.

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