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Overview of The Circulation Pressure, Flow and Resistance

The circulatory system transports nutrients, waste, hormones, and maintains tissue fluid homeostasis. It is divided into systemic and pulmonary circuits. Blood flows through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. Larger vessels have higher blood pressures and velocities while smaller vessels have lower pressures and velocities. Blood flow is regulated by pressure differences, vascular resistance, and tissue needs. According to Ohm's law, pressure drives flow against resistance. In heart failure, cardiac output decreases initially but sympathetic activation and fluid retention work to compensate acutely and chronically.

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Salsabilla Ameranti Putri
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105 views7 pages

Overview of The Circulation Pressure, Flow and Resistance

The circulatory system transports nutrients, waste, hormones, and maintains tissue fluid homeostasis. It is divided into systemic and pulmonary circuits. Blood flows through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins. Larger vessels have higher blood pressures and velocities while smaller vessels have lower pressures and velocities. Blood flow is regulated by pressure differences, vascular resistance, and tissue needs. According to Ohm's law, pressure drives flow against resistance. In heart failure, cardiac output decreases initially but sympathetic activation and fluid retention work to compensate acutely and chronically.

Uploaded by

Salsabilla Ameranti Putri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview of the Circulation;

Pressure, Flow and Resistance


Circulation
• Function
o Transport nutrients to body tissues
o Transport waste products
o Transport hormones
o Maintain environment in all tissue fluids
• Divided into systemic/greater/peripheral circulation and pulmonary circulation
• Functional Parts of Circulation
1. Arteries – strong walls, high velocity flows – transport blood under high pressure to the tissues
2. Arterioles – small branches of artery – have capability of altering blood flow
3. Capillaries – to exchange fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones between blood and interstitial fluid
4. Venules – collect blood from capillaries
5. Veins – major reservoir, thin walls – conduits for transport blood back to heart,
• Volume of blood in different parts of the • Cross-Sectional areas and velocities of
circulation blood flow

The larger the area is, the lower the


velocity is
• Pressure in various portion of the
circulation
Basic Principle of Circulatory Function
1. Blood flow to most tissues is controlled according tissue need
2. Cardiac output is the sum of all the local tissue flows
3. Arterial pressure regulation is generally independent of either local
blood flow control/cardiac output
Interrelationships of Pressure, Flow and
Resistance
• Pressure (P) – The force exerted by the • Ohm’s law
blood against any unit area of the vessel
wall
• Flow (F) – Quantity of blood that passess a
given point in a given period of time
• Resistance (R) – impediment to blood flow
in a vessel

• Factors determining blood flow :


1. Pressure difference of blood between two
ends of the vessel, called ”pressure
gradient” which pushes blood through the
vessel
2. Impediment to blood flow through the
vessel, called “vascular resistance”
Circulatory Dynamics in Heart Failure
• Acute effects of moderate cardiac failure Compensation for acute cardiac failure
If heart severely damaged, s.a. by myocardial a. The instantaneous effect of cardiac damage (B)
infarction
b. Compensation by sympathetic nervous system
1. Reduced cardiac output (occur at the first 30 s – 1 min) (C)
2. Damming of the blood in the veins,
resulting in increased venous pressure c. Chronic compensations resulting from parial heart
recovery and renal retention of fluid (D)

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