SEMANTICS

SEMANTICS
ANGGOTA :
WINA FATHIINA AULIA
(17211144032)
MUHAMMAD RANGGA D
(20211144001)
ARDELIA IVANADENKA
(20211144003)
RAHAYU PUTRI W
(20211144004)
MEANING
• Semantic is a branch of linguistics that studies the meaning/meanings
contained in language, code, or other types of representation. In
other words, semantics is study of meaning. Semantics usually deals
with two other aspects: syntax the formation of complex symbols
from simpler symbols, and pragmatic the practical use of symbols by
the people in certain contexts.
• Semantics involves the deconstruction of words, signals, and
sentence structure. It influences our reading comprehension as well
as our comprehension of other people’s words in everyday
conversation. Semantics play a large part in our daily communication,
understanding, and language learning without us even realizing it.
• For example, in everyday use, a child might make use of semantics to
understand a mom’s directive to “do your chores” as, “do your
chores whenever you feel like it.” However, the mother was probably
saying, “do your chores right now.”
Examples of everyday words that can have more than one meaning:
“Crash” can mean an auto accident, a drop in the Stock Market, to
attend a party without being invited, ocean waves hitting the shore, or
the sound of cymbals being struck together.
The word “create” can mean build, make, construct, erect, compose or
imagine.
SEMANTIC FEATURES
It is a notational method which can be used to express the existence or
non-existence of pre-established semantic properties by using plus and
minus signs.
Example:
MAN is [+Human] [+Male] [+Adult]
WOMAN is [+Human] [-Male] [+Adult]
BOY is [+Human] [+Male] [-Adult]
GIRL is [+Human] [-Male] [-Adult]
It can be used to describe differences between antonyms, super-ordinates
and their hyponyms, and near synonyms.
HAPPY SAD antonyms
[+Emotion] [+Positive] [+Emotion] [-Positive]
HAPPY THRILLED hyponyms
[+Emotion] [+Positive] [+Emotion] [+Positive] [+Excitement]
SEMANTIC ROLES
The semantic roles are properties that the noun phrases have
according to their meaning inside the sentence.
The semantic roles are:
 Agent
 Theme
 Instrument
 Experiencer
 Location
 Source
 Goal
AGENT AND THEME
The boy kicked a ball

 In that sentence, the person who executes the action is called AGENT.
The agent in the sentence is the boy
 The THEME is the object or person that is directly affected or described
by the action. The theme is a ball
INSTRUMENT AND EXPERIENCER
She have the lunch

 In “eating with a spoon” the phrases “a spoon” have the semantic
role of INSTRUMENT. We can notice that there is a tool that helps
the agent to perform the action.
He felt sad about cutting his hair
 When the action is related to a feeling, a state or perception, the
agent takes the name of EXPERIENCER.
LOCATION, SOURCE, AND GOAL
The keys are next to the vase

 The word next to the vase is the semantic role of LOCATION. This
happened when an entity is in the description of the event then it fills
the role of location.
He brought some souvenirs from Italy
 The word from Italy is the semantic role of SOURCE.
Abraham travels to Maldives
 The word to Maldives is the semantic role of GOAL
LEXICAL RELATION
A lexical relation is a culturally recognized pattern of association that exists
between lexical units in a language. Not just the semantic roles provide a
meaning to the words, phrases or sentences. Sometimes meaning comes
from the semantic relationships that are built.
 Synonyms
 Antonyms
 Hyponyms
 Homophones and Homonyms
 Polysemy
 metonyms
SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Synonyms are two or more words with very closely related meaning.
They can often, though not always , be substituted for each other in
sentence.
 Almost/Nearly
 Big/Large
 Buy/Purchase
 Car/Automobile
Antonyms are two forms with opposite meaning.
 Alive/Dead
 Big/Small
 Fast/Slow
 Happy/Sad
HYPONYMS
When the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of
another, the relationship is described as hyponyms.
Hyponymy are word that was more specific.
 Animal/Dog
 Dog/Poodle
 Vegetable/Carrot
 Flower/Rose
HOMOPHONES AND HOMONYMS
When two or more different (written) forms have the same
pronunciation, they are described as Homophones
 Bare/Bear
 Meat/Meet
 Too/To/Two
 Pail/Pale
When one form (written or spoken) has two or more unrelated
meanings, they are described as Homonyms
 Bank (of a river) – Bank (Financial Institution)
 Race (contest of speed) – Race (Ethnic group)
 Bat (Flying creature) – Bat (Used in sports)
 Pupil (At school) – Pupil (In the eye)
POLYSEMY
Polysemy can be defined as one form (written or spoken) having

multiple meaning that are all related by extension.
 Run
 Foot
 Head
 Date
METONYMS
It is a relationship between two words, that is based daily life
experience.
 He drank the whole bottle
 Government blamed terrorists about the riots
 I am broke
COLLOCATION
Collocation is a group of two or more words that like to hang out
together. Collocation refers to a group of two or more words that
usually go together. A good way to think of collocation is to look at
the word collocation. Co - meaning together - location - meaning
place. Collocation are words that are located together.
Types of collocation:
1. Adjective + noun = She speaks English quite well but with strong
French accent.
2. Noun + noun (such as collective noun) = here is a glass of water
on the table.
3. Verb + noun = always try to do my homework in the morning
aftermaking my bed.
4. Adverb + adjective = his test is ridiculously easy! I didn’t even
study, but I will get high score.
5. Verb +adverb = waited patiently, but she never came.

SEMANTICS

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SEMANTICS

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SEMANTICS

The boy kicked a ball

She have the lunch

The keys are next to the vase

Polysemy can be defined as one form (written or spoken) having

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