Biology

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps
11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Linkage

What structures actually assort

independently?

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Linkage

Gene Linkage
Thomas Hunt Morgan’s research on fruit flies
led him to the principle of linkage.
Morgan discovered that many of the more than
50 Drosophila genes he had identified appeared
to be “linked” together.
They seemed to violate the principle of
independent assortment.

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Linkage

Morgan and his associates grouped the linked genes

into four linkage groups.
Each linkage group assorted independently but all
the genes in one group were inherited together.
Each chromosome is actually a group of linked
genes.

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Linkage

Morgan concluded that Mendel’s principle

of independent assortment still holds true.

Chromosomes assort independently,

not individual genes.

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Maps

Gene Maps
Crossing-over during meiosis sometimes
separates genes that had been on the same
chromosomes onto homologous chromosomes.
Crossover events occasionally separate and
exchange linked genes and produce new
combinations of alleles.

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Maps

Alfred Sturtevant, a student of Morgan, reasoned that

the farther apart two genes were, the more likely they
were to be separated by a crossover in meiosis.
Recombination frequencies can be used to determine
the distance between genes.

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Maps

Sturtevant created a gene map showing the relative

locations of each known gene on one of the
Drosophila chromosomes.

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Maps

If two genes are close together, the recombination

frequency between them should be low, since
crossovers are rare.
If they are far apart, recombination rates between
them should be high.

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Maps

Exact location on chromosome Chromosome 2

0.0 Aristaless (no bristles on antenna)
13.0 Dumpy wing

48.5 Black body

54.5 Purple eye

67.0 Vestigial (small) wing

99.2 Arc (bent wings)

107.0 Speck wing

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 11-5 Linkage and Gene Maps Gene Maps

Exact location on chromosome Chromosome 2

1.3 Star eye

31.0 Dachs (short legs)

51.0 Reduced bristles

55.0 Light eye

75.5 Curved wing

104.5 Brown eye

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11-5

Continue to: Click to Launch:

- or -

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11-5

According to Mendel's principle of independent

assortment, the factors that assort
independently are the
a. genes.
b. chromosomes.
c. chromatids.
d. gametes.

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11-5

A chromosome is actually a group of

a. independent genes.
b. linkage groups.
c. crossed-over genes.
d. linked genes.

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11-5

Thomas H. Morgan is credited with the discovery

of the principle of
a. segregation.
b. independent assortment.
c. gene linkage.
d. dominance.

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11-5

Linkage maps can be produced because the

farther apart two genes are on a chromosome,
a. the less likely they are to assort
independently.
b. the more likely they are to be linked.
c. the more likely they are to be separated by a
crossover.
d. the less likely they are to be separated by a
crossover.
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11-5

If two genes are close together on the same

chromosome, they are more likely to
a. behave as though they are linked.
b. behave independently.
c. move to different chromosomes.
d. belong to different linkage groups.

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