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    Non-Mendelian Genetics

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    khadija
    This document discusses several concepts in non-Mendelian genetics including incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, and sex-linked inheritance. It provides examples like red and white flowers producing pink flowers in incomplete dominance. Blood type is used to illustrate codominance, where both alleles are expressed together. Multiple alleles are described as existing in many animal coat colors. Polygenic traits like skin tone are influenced by multiple genes. Finally, sex-linked traits like color blindness are explained as being inherited through the X chromosome.

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    Non-Mendelian Genetics

    Uploaded by

    khadija
    26 views18 pages
    This document discusses several concepts in non-Mendelian genetics including incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, and sex-linked inheritance. It provides examples like red and white flowers producing pink flowers in incomplete dominance. Blood type is used to illustrate codominance, where both alleles are expressed together. Multiple alleles are described as existing in many animal coat colors. Polygenic traits like skin tone are influenced by multiple genes. Finally, sex-linked traits like color blindness are explained as being inherited through the X chromosome.

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    This document discusses several concepts in non-Mendelian genetics including incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, and sex-linked inheritance. It provides examples like red and white flowers producing pink flowers in incomplete dominance. Blood type is used to illustrate codominance, where both alleles are expressed together. Multiple alleles are described as existing in many animal coat colors. Polygenic traits like skin tone are influenced by multiple genes. Finally, sex-linked traits like color blindness are explained as being inherited through the X chromosome.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    26 views18 pages

    Non-Mendelian Genetics

    Uploaded by

    khadija
    This document discusses several concepts in non-Mendelian genetics including incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, and sex-linked inheritance. It provides examples like red and white flowers producing pink flowers in incomplete dominance. Blood type is used to illustrate codominance, where both alleles are expressed together. Multiple alleles are described as existing in many animal coat colors. Polygenic traits like skin tone are influenced by multiple genes. Finally, sex-linked traits like color blindness are explained as being inherited through the X chromosome.

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    Non-Mendelian Genetics

    Inheritance Concepts that do not


    follow Mendel’s laws
    Mendelian Genetics
    (Complete Dominance)
     Only two possible Phenotypes: either
    dominant or recessive

     Tall plant X Short plant = Tall plant


    (TT) (tt) (Tt)
    Non-Mendelian Genetics
     But, not all inheritance is based on the
    rules of Complete Dominance!!
    Introduction
     Mendelian Genetics describes inheritance
    patterns based on Complete Dominance or
    Recessiveness.
     There are other types of inheritance that
    Mendel never considered:
     Incomplete Inheritance
     Codominance
     Multiple Alleles
     Polygenic Traits
     Sex-linked
    Incomplete Inheritance
    The hybrid (heterozygous) offspring
    displays a THIRD Phenotype!! Neither trait
    is completely dominant, as a result, there
    appears to be a blending phenotype.
    Red Flower X White Flower = Pink
    (RR) (WW) (RW)
    Incomplete Inheritance Problem
     What is the probability of pink flowers if
    pink flowers are bred with red flowers?

    50%
    chance
    of Pink
    Flowers
    CoDominance
     Both traits are dominant, and show up in
    the phenotype together. Co means
    “together”
     Black Cow X White Cow = Spotted Cow
    (BB) (WW) (BW)
    CoDominance Problem
     What are all the possible phenotypes
    when two spotted cows are bred?

    Possible
    phenotypes
    are a black
    cow, 2
    spotted
    cows, and a
    white cow
    Below are imaginary organisms. Note horn shape, leg
    length, fur color and tail shape. Now determine the type of
    inheritance of the four traits by examining the genotypes of
    the parents and offspring.
    Blood type displays both co-dominance
    and complete dominance
     Red Blood cells can either have a carbohydrate on
    their surface or not.
     The presence of a carbohydrate (I) is dominant to the
    absence of a carb (i).
     Additionally, there are two types of carbs that may
    exist on the surface of RBCs called A (IA) and B (IB).
     Cell surface carbs A and B are codominant, which means
    they could also show up at the same time on an RBC.
    Blood Type Inheritance Rules:
    1. A person with the IA allele Cells Genotypes Blood types
    will have A carbohydrates.
    A A Type A
    2. A person with the IB allele
    will have B carbohydrates.
    I i, I I
    A
    blood
    3. A person with the recessive Type B
    i allele will have no
    carbohydrates.
    I i, I I
    B B B
    blood
    4. Or a person with both IA and Type AB
    IB alleles will have both A II
    A B
    blood
    and B carbohydrates on
    their cells. Type O
    ii blood
    Blood Type Problems
    If a woman with AB blood
    has children with a man
    who has type O, what will
    be the possible genotypes
    of their children? What will
    be their blood types?

    IA IB
    i IA i IB i
    i IA i IB i
    Blood Type Problems
    Blood Type Problem 2: A
    woman with type B blood
    has a child with type O
    blood. How is this possible
    if her husband has type A
    blood?
    Multiple Alleles
     When more than 2 varieties exist in a trait.
    Many animals have a variety of coat
    colors.
    Polygenic Traits
    Require more than one gene (allele) to
    determine trait.
    Skin tone is determined by 4-6 genes—that
    means that there may be six different
    chromosomes involved!
    Sex-linked Inheritance
     Genes for some traits are found on the sex
    chromosomes (X or y)
     Most of these traits are recessive the normal gene
    is dominant
     Heterozygous Females (XXc) are carriers. They do
    not show the trait, but carry a gene for the trait.
     Homozygous Females (XcXc) have the trait
     Males with the gene (XcY) have the trait.—They do
    not have another X to counterbalance the affected
    gene
    Color blindness is a sex-linked
    recessive trait. The gene for this trait is
    inherited through the X chromosome.

    If a woman with normal vision


    has children with a man
    who is colorblind, Xc Y
    what are the chances
    that their children will be
    colorblind?
    X XXc XY
    Will any children be carriers
    of the trait? X XXc XY

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