Regular and Irregular Verbs

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Regular and Irregular verbs

Present tense formation


 Most verbs just add -s to the basic form (e.g. take/takes, seem/seems, look/looks).

 Verbs that end with a vowel other than e add -es (e.g. go/goes, veto/vetoes, do/does).

 Verbs that end with -s, -z, -ch, -sh, and -x add -es (e.g. kiss/kisses, fizz/fizzes, punch/punches,
wash/washes, mix/mixes).

 If the verb ends in a consonant plus -y, change the y to an i before adding -es (e.g. hurry/hurries,
clarify/clarifies). But if the verb ends in a vowel plus -y, just add -s (e.g. play/plays, enjoy/enjoys).
Past tense formation

 If the basic form of the verb ends in a consonant or a vowel other than e, add the letters -ed
to the end (e.g. seem/seemed, laugh/laughed, look/looked).

 For verbs that end in -e, add -d (e.g. love/loved, recede/receded, hope/hoped).

 If the verb ends in a consonant plus -y, change the y to an i before adding -ed (e.g.
hurry/hurried, clarify/clarified). But if the verb ends in a vowel plus -y, just add -ed (e.g.
play/played, enjoy/enjoyed).
Present participle formation

 If the basic form of the verb ends in a consonant or a vowel other than e, add the ending
-ing (e.g. laugh/laughing, boo/booing).

 If the verb ends in e, drop the e before adding -ing (e.g. love/loving, hope/hoping).

 If the basic form ends in y just add -ing (e.g. hurry/hurrying, clarify/clarifying).
Irregular verbs

 There are many irregular verbs that don’t follow the normal rules. Here are the forms of
some of the most common irregular verbs:
What is the difference between past simple and
past participle?
 Past participle” is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as “the form of a verb, typically ending in -ed in English, which is
used in forming perfect and passive tenses and sometimes as an adjective.”

 This means that verbs in the past participle form usually end in the letters “ed.” For example, the word “talked.”

 These words can also be used as adjectives. For example, “the book has already been talked about.” Here, the word
“talked” is used as an adjective.

 The definition also tells us that the past participle is most often used when forming the perfect forms of tenses. (Past
perfect, for example.)

 In the perfect form, we use the words “have” and “had” followed by the verb conjugated in the past tense.
 fly
 rise
 shrink
 feel
 bite
 catch
 draw
 drive
 eat
 fall
Examples:

 The past participle is not a tense. It’s a form of a verb and can’t be used on its own. You need an auxiliary verb, such as “have” or “had.” Becau
of this, the past participle is commonly used as a compound verb.

 Let’s take a look at two words in the past tense and then the past participle.

Past tense:

 I lived in the United States for seven years.


 I listened to this song five times.
 We talked about this book.
 I ate breakfast at 10 o’clock yesterday.

Past participle:

 I had lived in the United States for seven years.


 I have listened to this song five times.
 The book has been talked about.

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