2 YEAR CHEMISTRY

ND

CHAPTER 13 - 15

PRESENTED BY: IFFAT TANVEER

(HOD CHEMISTRY – BOYS WING)
CHAPTER 13

s - AND p - BLOCK
ELEMENTS
 This chapter can be divided into five parts:

i. Study of 3rd period elements

ii. Study of Group I elements
iii. Study of Group II elements
iv. Study of Group IV elements
v. Study of Group VII elements
Study of 3 Period
rd

Elements
 Atomic Radius

Atomic Properties Ionization Energy

Study of 3rd Period Elements

Electronegativity

Electrical
Conductivity
Physical Properties
Meting Point &
Boiling Point
Reaction with Hydroxides of 3rd
Water Period Elements
Chemical Reaction with Oxides of 3rd
Properties Oxygen Period Elements
Reaction with Chlorides of 3rd
Chlorine Period Elements
Study of Group I
Elements
 Atomic Properties
• Atomic Radius
• Ionization Energy
• Electronegativity

Physical
Properties
Flame Test • Density
• Meting Point & Boiling
Study of Point

Group I
Elements

Chemical
Effect of Heat
Properties
• Nitrates
• Reaction with Water
• Carbonates
• Reaction with Oxygen
• Bicarbonates
• Reaction with Chlorine
Study of Group II
Elements
 Atomic Properties
• Atomic Radius
• Ionization Energy
• Electronegativity

Peculiar Physical
Properties
Behavior of • Meting Point &
Berillium Boiling Point

Study of
Group II
Elements
Chemical
Properties
Thermal Stability • Reaction with Water
• Carbonates • Reaction with
• Sulphates Oxygen
• Reaction with
Nitrogen

Solubility
• Hydroxides
• Carbonates
• Sulphates
Study of Group IV
Elements
 Physical
Properties
• Metallic Behavior
• Meting Point &
Boiling Point

Oxides
Study of Oxidation States

• Carbon
• Silicon
Group IV • Relative Stabilities
• Fajan’s Rule
• Inert Pair Effect
• Relativistic Theory

Elements
Chlorides
• Carbon
• Silicon
• Lead
Study of Group VII
Elements
 Atomic Properties
• Atomic Radius
• Ionization Energy
• Electronegativity
• Electron Affinity

Halide Ion Physical Properties

as • Bond Enthalpy
• HX Bond

Reducing • X2 Bond
• Meting Point & Boiling

Agents Study of Point

Group VII
Elements

Strength of
Acidity of
Halogens as
Hydrogen Halides
Oxidizing Agents
MCQs OF CHAPTER 13
1. The oxides of electropositive elements are:
(a) Acid (b) Basic
(c) Amphoteric (d) Neutral

2. The elements of group 3 and 7 are known as:

(b) q block (b) p block
(c) s block (d) None of these

3. Which element forms long chains alternating with oxygen :

(a) Carbon (b) Silicon
(c) Nitrogen (d) All of these

4. Which element is not present abundantly in the earth’s crust :

(a) Silicon (b) Aluminum
(c) Sodium (d) Oxygen

5. Which is not an alkali metal:

(c) Francium (b) Caesium
(c) Rubidium (d) Radium
 7. Which is the least reactive of all the alkali metals:
(a) Li (b) Na
(c) K (d) Cs

8. Which of the following is insoluble in water

(b) CaO (b) SrO
(c) BaO (d) MgO

9. The oxide of beryllium are:

(c) acidic (b) Basic
(c). amphoteric (d) None

10. Which element has the lowest melting point:

(d) Beryllium (b) Sodium
(c) Magnesium (d) Calcium

11. Most powerful oxidizing agent is:

(e) Cl (b) Br3
(c) F2 (d) I3
 12. Which of the following Halogens is solid at room temperature :
(a) F2 (b) Cl2
(c) Br2 (d) I2

13. Oxidation state of Chlorine in HClO4 is:

(a) +7 (b) -7
(c) +1 (d) -1

14. Strongest reducing agent is:

(b) HF (b) HBr
(c) HCl (d) HI

15. Name the rare halogen among the following:

(c) F (b) Cl
(c) I (d) At

16. Hydrogen bond is the strongest between the molecules of:

(d) HCl (b) HF
(c) HBr (d) HI
17. Which of the following element form Super Oxide:
(a) Li (b) Be
(c) K (d) Mg

18. Which of the halogen molecule ‘X2’ has lowest dissociation energy :
(b) Cl2 (b) I2
(c) Br2 (d). F2

19. Which element among the following belongs to Group 4 of the Periodic table:
(a). Barium (b). Iodine
(c). Lead (d). Oxygen

20. Divalency of heavier elements of Group 4 can be explained on the basis of:
(a). Low ionization (b). Inter pair effect
(c). Their large sizes (d). low electronegativity values
CHAPTER 14

TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Definition
“The elements which have partially filled d or f orbital either in
their atomic states or in any of the common oxidation state”

There properties are transitional between highly

electropositive (s block) elements which form ionic bond and p
block elements which form covalent bond.
1. Why is Zn transition element?
due to complex formation
2. Why coinage metals are included in transition elements?
Due to Cu+2 3d9
Ag+2 4d9
Au+3 5d8
3. What are typical and non typical transition elements?

Typical Non Typical

IVB, V-B, VI-B, VII B, VIII B, IB II-B, III B
 General
Features

Alloy Binding
Formation Energy

Transition
Elements

Variable
Magnetic
Oxidation
Behavior
State

Catalytic
Activity
 Related Terms

Chemistry of
Shapes of
Complexes
Coordination Nomenclature
Compounds

Colors of
Complex
Nomenclature of
Coordination
Complexes
1. [Cr(NH3)3(H2O)3]Cl3

Answer: triamminetriaquachromium(III) chloride

Solution:

The complex ion is inside the square brackets, which is a cation.

The ammine ligands are named before the aqua ligands according to alphabetical order.

Since there are three chlorides binding with the complex ion, the charge on the complex
ion must be +3 ( since the compound is electrically neutral).

From the charge on the complex ion and the charge on the ligands, we can calculate the
oxidation number of the metal.

In this example, all the ligands are neutral molecules, therefore, the oxidation number of
chromium must be same as the charge of the complex ion, +3.
2. (NH4)2[Ni(C2O4)2(H2O)2]

Answer: ammonium diaquabis(oxalato)nickelate(II)

Solution:

Ammonium is the cation and the complex ion is the anion.

Since there are 2 NH4+ binding with a complex ion, the charge on the complex ion must
be - 2.

As oxalato ligand carries - 2 charge and water is neutral, the oxidation number of
Ni must be +2.

Now Ni is part of complex anion so we will put ate as a suffix.

The oxalate ion is a bidentate ligand.

 Vanadium

Copper Chromium
Chemistry of
Important
Transition
Elements

Iron Manganese
MCQs OF CHAPTER 14
 1. Which element is paramagnetic:
(a). Zinc (b). Iron
(c).Selenium (d). Copper

2. Which of the following is non-typical transition element:

(a). Fe (b). Mn
(c). Zn (d). Ni

3. The geometrical shape of PCl5

(a). Zinc (b). Iron
(c). Selenium (d). Copper

4. The geometrical shape of PCI5 is:

(a). Octaheral (b). Square Planer
(c). Trigonal bipyamidal (d). Tetrahedral

5. Coinage metals are present in the periodic table in group :

(a). I-A (b). I-B
(c). II-A (d). II-B
 6. Which of the following is a typical transition metal:
(a). Se (b). Y
(c). Ra (d). Co

7. Which pair of transition elements shows abnormal electronic configuration:

(a). Sc & Zn (b). Cu & Zn
(c). Sc & Cu (d). Cr & Cu

8. Following is non typical transition element atomic numbers are within

parenthesis :
(a). Cd (48) (b). Mo (42)
(c). Cr (24) (d). Fe (26)

9. Oxidation number of Fe in K4 [Fe(CN)6] is :

(a). +4 (b). +2
(c). +6 (d). -4

10. PCI5 has __________hybridization:

(a). sp2 (b). dsp2
(c). sp3d2 (d). dsp3
11. The coordination number of Cu in Cu [NH3]4 SO4 is :
(a). zero (b). two
(c).Six (d). four

12. Paramagnetic behaviour of an atom, ion or molecule is due to presence of :

(a). unpaired electrons (b). paired electrons
(c). protons (d). Neutrons

13. Coordination number of transition element in Co(No2)3(NH3)3:

(a). 3 (b).4
(c). 5 (d). 6

14. Which of the following is a bidentate ligands:

(a). N2H4 (b). H2O
(c). NH3 (d). CO

15. The shape of co-ordination number six complexes is :

(a). Tetrahedral (b). Octahedral
(c). Trigonal bipyroamidal (d). Linear
15. The shape of co-ordination number six complexes is :
(a). Tetrahedral (b). Octahedral
(c). Trigonal bipyroamidal (d). Linear

16. The color of Ti[H2O6]+3 ion solution is:

(a). Purple (b). Green
(c). Yellow (d). Violet

17. Ti[H2O6]+3 transmits :

(a).Yellow & Red light (b). Yellow & Blue light
(c). White & Red light (d). Blue & Red light

18. The central metal atom or ion along with ligands is called a:
(a). coordination no. (b). coordination sphere
(c). chelates (d). none of these

19. Oxidation number of Fe in K2[Fe(CN)]6 is :

(a). -6 (b). +2
(c). +3 (d). -3

20. Vanadium oxide can be reduced by:

(a). hydrogen ions (b). Zn/HCl
(c). HNO3 (d). O2
CHAPTER 15

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Definition
“Hydrocarbons and all of their derivatives are called organic
compounds”
Some compounds of carbon which are not included in organic chemistry.
• Oxides of Carbon
• Carbon disulphide
• Carbonates
• Bicarbonates,
• Cyanides,
• Thiocynates etc.
 Fossil Remains
• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas

Fermentation Sources of Plants and

/ Organic natural
Biotechnology Compounds products

Partial and
total synthesis
 Benzol

Coal Gas
(Methane)
Crude Coal Gas
Cyanides

Sulphur
Compounds
Coal Destructive Distillation

Benzol

Toulene

Xylene
Fractional
Coal Tar
Distillation
Nephthaline
Coke
Phenols
Carbon Gas
Many Other
Compounds
Amonical Liquor
Functional Group And Homologous Series
 Carbon and
Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen and

Detection of elements
inorganic compounds
Suplhur

Sulphur

Halogen

Oxygen

Phosphorous

Metals
MCQs OF CHAPTER 15
1. When AgNO3 is added to the Lassaigne’s solution which color is formed for Iodine?
a) Blue c) Violet
b) Green d) Deep Yellow

2. Which of the following is heterocyclic?

a) Pyridine c) Pyrole
b) Thiphene d) All of above

3. Coal gas mainly consists of:

a) Methane c) Ammonia
b) Carbondioxide d) Hydrogen Sulphide

4. The general formula for alkynes is:

a) CnH2n+2 c) CnH2n
b) CnH2n-2 d) CnH2n-4

5. The C=NH functional group is

a) Amino Group c) Imino group
b) Amine d) Imine
6. The class sulphones is represented by which of the following functional group:
a) R2SO c) R2S
b) R2SO2 d) RSH

7. The following is an alcohol

a) CH3-CH2-OH c) CH3-O-CH3
b) CH3-COOH d) CH3-CH2Br

8. The isopropyl group is represented by:

a) CH3-CH2- c) CH3-CH2-CH2-
b) (CH3)2CH- d) (CH3)3C-

9. When CO2 is passed through lime water it turns milky due to formation of:
a) Ca(OH)2 c) CaCO3
b) CuSO4 d) Ca(OH)2.5H2O

10. Which of the following reagent is used to detect the presence of sulphur in an
organic compound
a) Lead Sulphate c) Lead Acetate
b) Lead Sulphide d) Ferrous Sulphate
11. The presence of double bond in a compound is the sign of:
a) Saturation c) Unsaturation
b) Substitution d) Dehydrogenation

12. The organic compound carbon tetra-chloride is used as:

a) Lubricant c) Oxidant
b) Solvent d) Plastic

13. An organic compound is heated strongly in air, a residue is left behind. It

indicates the presence of:
a) Phosphorous c) Metals
b) Sulphur d) Halogen

14. The presence of oxygen in an organic compound can be determined by:

a) Lassaigne’s test c) Thiocyanate test
b) Idoform test d) none of these

15. The carboxylic acid anhydride is represented by

a) (RCO)2O c) RCOOR
b) R2CO d) RCHO
16. Which of the following is a herbicide
a) Teflon c) DDT
b) Treflan d) Penicillin

17. Full name of Bucky Balls is:

a) Buckminister Carbene b) Buckminister Abbey
c) Buckministerenes d) Buckminister Fullerenes

18. –SH is the functional group present in the organic compound as

a) Hydrogen Sulphides b) Sulphones
c) Thiols d) Sulphides

19. Pyridine is:

a) Heterocyclic Aromatic Compound b) Heterocyclic Aliphatic Compound
c) Carbocyclic Aromatic Compound d) Carbocyclic Aliphatic Compound

20. Prussion blue colour is obtained in the detection of nitrogen in organic

compound due to:
a) Fe4[Fe(CNS)6]3 b) Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
c) Fe3[Fe4(CN)6] d) Na4[Fe(CN)6]