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Sampling Rate Conversion

The document discusses different approaches for sampling rate conversion of continuous-time signals. It describes the standard approach using decimation and interpolation, and also introduces orthogonal and oblique projection re-sampling methods. Orthogonal projection re-sampling reinterprets the standard approach in more general spaces and allows for closed-form solutions when using splines. Oblique projection re-sampling compensates for a mismatched anti-aliasing filter by using additional digital filtering.

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Narendra Chaurasia
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108 views25 pages

Sampling Rate Conversion

The document discusses different approaches for sampling rate conversion of continuous-time signals. It describes the standard approach using decimation and interpolation, and also introduces orthogonal and oblique projection re-sampling methods. Orthogonal projection re-sampling reinterprets the standard approach in more general spaces and allows for closed-form solutions when using splines. Oblique projection re-sampling compensates for a mismatched anti-aliasing filter by using additional digital filtering.

Uploaded by

Narendra Chaurasia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rate Conversion
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Outline

Problem statement
Standard approach
Decimation by a factor D
Interpolation by a factor I
Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor I/D
Sampling rate conversion by an arbitrary factor
Orthogonal projection re-sampling
General theory
Spline spaces
Oblique projection re-sampling
General theory
Spline spaces
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c[n ]

Problem statement

Given samples of a continuous-time signal taken at times ,


produce samples corresponding to times that best represent
the signal.

Applications:
Conversion between audio formats
Enlargement and reduction of images
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Digital Filtering Viewpoint

In the sequel:
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c[n ]

Digital Filtering Viewpoint

Reconstruction Anti-aliasing
filter filter

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c[n ]

Standard Approach
Decimation by a Factor D

Standard choice (for avoiding aliasing):

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Standard Approach
Decimation by a Factor D

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Standard Approach
Interpolation by a Factor I

Standard choice (for suppressing replicas):

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c[n ]

Standard Approach
Interpolation by a Factor I

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c[n ]

Standard Approach
Conversion by a Rational Factor I/D

If the factor is not rational then conventional rate conversion cannot be


implemented using up-samplers, down-samplers and digital filters.
To retain efficiency, it is custom to resort to non-exact methods such as
first and second order approximation.

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
Reinterpretation of Standard Approach

Reconstruction Anti-aliasing
filter filter

The prior and re-sampling spaces are related by a scaling of the


generating function.
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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
General Spaces

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
General Spaces

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
General Spaces

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
General Spaces

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
Summary

Prefilter Rate conversion Postfilter

For splines, there is a closed form for each of the components.

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
Splines

Prefilter Postfilter

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
Examples

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
Splines

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
Interpretation

Prefilter Reconstruction Anti-aliasing Postfilter


filter filter

Problem: The exact formula for the conversion block gets very hard
to implement for splines of degree greater than 1.
Solution: Use a simple anti-aliasing filter, which is not matched to
the reconstruction space, and compensate by digital filtering. Thus,
instead of orthogonally projecting the reconstructed signal onto the
reconstruction space, we oblique-project it.

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Oblique Projection Re-Sampling

Prefilter Reconstruction Anti-aliasing Postfilter


filter filter

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Oblique Projection Re-Sampling

Prefilter Reconstruction Anti-aliasing Postfilter


filter filter

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
Examples

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
Examples

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Orthogonal Projection Re-Sampling
Examples

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