Video Lecture

on
MICROPROCESSORS
&
MICROCONTROLLERS
By
K.Ravichandra
Asst.Prof/ECE

Visvodaya Engineering College,

Kavali,SPSR Nellore (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh – 524201
 UNIT –III
OVERVIEW OF MSP 430 MICROCONTROLLER
2

1. Microprocessors Vs Microcontrollers
2. Introduction to MSP430 microcontrollers
- Features, Variants, Part numbering
3. Block diagram of MSP430
4. Memory organization of MSP430
5. CPU architecture and Registers of MSP430
6. Block diagram of MSP430x5xx
7. Memory organization of MSP430x5xx
8. CPU architecture and Registers of MSP430x5xx
9. Addressing modes of MSP430
10. Instruction formats and Timings of MSP430
11. Instruction set of MSP430
12. Sample Embedded system using MSP430
3
 3.1 Microprocessors Vs
Microcontrollers
Microprocessors Microcontrollers
4

Microprocessor is the heart of the computer system, Microcontroller is the heart of the embedded system, designed to
used for general purpose applications. perform a specific task by executing a fixed program.

µp is a central processing unit (CPU) on a single µc has a CPU, in addition with a fixed amount of RAM, ROM and
chip, which consists of ALU, Registers, and Timing other peripherals like I/O ports, Serial port, Timers/Counters,
and control units. Interrupt controller, etc all embedded on a single chip

Less no. of on-chip registers More no. of on-chip registers

Due to external components, the size, power and Low size, Low power and Low cost, due to less no. of external
cost of the system increases components.

Used in desktop PC's, Laptops, Notepads, etc Used in embedded applications like Washing machine, DVD
player, AC, etc
 INTRODUCTION TO MSP430
5

Features of MSP430 :
 MSP430 is Mixed Signal microcontroller family from Texas
Instruments , designed for low cost and low power applications
 It has 16-bit RISC based architecture
 It supports different Low power modes
 It is capable of wake-up times below 1 microsecond, allowing
the microcontroller to stay in sleep mode longer, minimizing its
average current consumption
 It has 16-bit Address bus and 16-bit data bus
 It consists of 16 registers (R0-R15)
 All registers are 16-bit wide
 Supports 27 core instructions and 7 addressing modes
 Instructions processing on either bits, bytes or words
 Extensive vectored-interrupt capability
 A wide range of on-chip peripherals are available
 3.2. INTRODUCTION TO MSP430
6

Introduction to MSP430 :
 MSP430 is Mixed Signal microcontroller family from Texas

Instruments , designed for low cost and low power

applications
 It has 16-bit RISC based processor architecture

 It supports different Low power modes

 It is capable of wake-up time below 1 microsecond, allowing

the microcontroller to stay in sleep mode longer, minimizing

its average current consumption
 It has 16-bit Address bus and 16-bit data bus

 It has 16 registers (R0-R15), which are 16-bit wide.

Features of MSP430
Although there are different variants in MSP430 family, the
MSP430 microcontroller can be characterized by:
7
 
 Device parameters

 Flash/ ROM options: 1 KB – 60 KB

 RAM options: 128 B– 8 KB
 GPIO options: 14 - 80 pins
 Clock and Power Specifications

 CPU clock : 8/16/25 MHz

 Operating voltage : 1.8–3.6 V
 Active operation : 160 - 250 µA/MIPS
 RTC mode operation : 0.7 µA
 RAM retention : 0.1 μA
 Fast wake-up from standby mode in less than 1 µs
  Other integrated peripherals
8

* Basic Clock system * 10/12/16-bit ADC

* I/O ports * 12-bit dual DAC
* Serial Port : SPI, I2C, UART * Op-Amp
* Timers * Comparator_A
* WDT (Watch Dog Timer ) * Temp. sensor
* RTC (Real Time Clock)
* Multiplier
* DMA
* LCD driver
* Supply Voltage Supervisor (SVS)
* Brown out Reset
* The emulator and JTAG interface
 VARIANTS OF MSP430 FAMILY
9

(i) MSP430x1xx

 MSP430x1xx Provides a wide range of general-purpose

devices from simple versions to complete systems for
processing signals. There is a broad selection of
peripherals and some include a hardware multiplier,
which can be used as a basic digital signal processor.

 The integrated peripherals include - 12-bit DAC, two 16-

bit timers, WDT, brown-out reset, SVS, USART module
(UART, SPI), DMA, 16×16 multiplier, Comparator_A,
Temp. Sensor
 VARIANTS OF MSP430 FAMILY
10

(ii) MSP430x2xx

 The MSP430F2xx Series are similar to the '1xx generation, but

operate at even lower power, support up to 16 MHz operation,
double the speed of earlier devices, while consuming only half the
current at the same speed. It has On-chip clock (VLO) that makes it
easier to operate without an external crystal. Pull-up or pull-down
resistors are provided on the inputs to reduce the number of external
components needed.

 The integrated peripherals include -operational amplifiers, 12-bit

DAC, two 16-bit timers, watchdog timer, brown-out reset, SVS,
USI module (I²C, SPI), USCI module, DMA, 16×16 multiplier,
Comparator_A+, Temperature sensor
 VARIANTS OF MSP430 FAMILY
11

(iii) MSP430x3xx

 The MSP430x3xx Series is the oldest generation, designed for

portable instrumentation with an embedded LCD controller.
This also includes a frequency-locked loop oscillator that can
automatically synchronize to a low-speed (32 kHz) crystal.
 
 This generation does not support EEPROM memory, only
mask ROM and UV- eraseable and one-time programmable 
EPROM. The integrated peripherals include - LCD controller
and multiplier
 VARIANTS OF MSP430 FAMILY
12

(iv) MSP430x4xx
 
 MSP430x4xx series can drive LCDs with up to 160 segments.

Many of them are ASSPs, but there are general-purpose

devices as well. These devices are used for low power
metering and medical applications.

 The integrated peripherals include - 12-bit DAC, Op Amps,

RTC, up to two 16-bit timers, watchdog timer, basic timer,
brown-out reset, SVS, USART module (UART, SPI), USCI
module, LCD Controller, DMA, 16×16 & 32x32 multiplier,
Comparator_A, Temp. sensor
 Variants of MSP430
13

Variants of
MSP430x1xx MSP430x2xx MSP430x3xx MSP430x4xx MSP430x5xx
MSP430 family
Clock 8 MHz 16 MHz 16 MHz 16 MHz 16 MHz
Iactive /MIPS 200 μA 200 μA 160 μA 200 μA 165 μA
IRTC mode 0.7 μA 0.7 μA 0.9 μA 0.7 μA 2.5 μA
IRAMret 0.1 μA 0.1 μA 0.1 μA 0.1 μA 0.1 μA
Wake-up time < 6 µs < 1 µs < 6 µs < 6 µs < 5 µs
Up to
Flash/ROM 1-60KB 1-60KB 2-32 KB 4-60 KB
512KB
128 B 128 B 512 B 256 B Up to
RAM
-2KB -2KB -2KB -2KB 66KB
GPIO 10-48 10-48 14-40 14-80 32-90
 MSP430 PART NUMBERING
14
 3.3. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MSP430

15
 The MSP430F2013 has the following features
16

1. Basic Clock system

2. 16-bit CPU with RISC architecture
3. The emulator and JTAG interface
4. Flash memory : 2 KB
5. RAM : 128 bytes
6. 16-bit Sigma Delta ADC : SD16_A
7. I/O ports : P1 and P2
8. Watch Dog Timer
9. Timer_A2
10. Serial Port (USI) : SPI, I2C
11. Brown out Reset
 16 bit cpu:
• It consists of 16-bit ALU, set of 16-registers (R0 –
R15) and Logic needed to decode and execute the
instructions
• The CPU has RISC architecture
• Instructions processing on either bits, bytes or words
• Supports 27 instructions and 7 addressing modes.
• It can address the complete address range without
paging
• CPU clock : 16 MHz
• Operating voltage : 1.8–3.6 V
• Active operation : 200 µA/MIPS
• RTC mode operation : 0.7 µA
• RAM retention : 0.1 μA
17 • Fast wake-up from standby mode in less than 1 µs
 Basic Clock system :
 
The clock module provides the CLK for CPU and peripherals. Three
clock signals are available from the basic clock module:
•MCLK : Master clock is used by CPU and system
•SMCLK : Subsystem Master clock is distributed to high speed
peripherals
•ACLK : Auxiliary clock is also distributed to low speed
peripherals
 
The emulator and JTAG interface:
 
The emulation, JTAG interface and Spy-Bi-Wire are used to
communicate with a desktop computer when downloading a program
and for debugging.

18
 Flash memory:
•Flash memory is used to store the programs and constant
variables The size of Flash memory in MSP430F2003 is 1
KB
•The size of Flash memory in MSP430F2003 is 2 KB
 
RAM
•RAM is used to store the temporary data (Read/Write
memory) The size of RAM in MSP430F2003 and F2013 is
128 Bytes
 
bit Sigma Delta ADC : SD16_A
•The SD16_A is ahigh performance 16-bit analog to
digital converter used to interface analog signals with 200
19KSPS
 I/O ports : P1 & P2
•The MSP430 has Two I/O ports: Port-P1 and Port-
P2 The Port-P1 has 8- I/O pins and P2 has 2- I/O
pins
•Each I/O pin is individually configurable for input
(or) output. Each pin can be configurable for pull-up
/ pull-down resistors Ports P1 and P2 have interrupt
capability.

20
 Watch Dog Timer
 
• A watchdog timer (WDT) is an electronic timer that is used
to detect and recover from computer malfunctions. The
WDT module restarts the system on occurrence of a
software problem (or) if a selected time interval expires.
• During normal operation, the system regularly restarts the
WDT to prevent it from elapsing, or "timing out". If the
system fails to restart the WDT due to a hardware fault (or)
program error, the timer will elapse and generate a timeout
signal.
• The timeout signal is used to initiate corrective actions like
placing the system in a safe state and restoring normal
system operation.

21
 Timer_A2
 
• Timers are essential to almost any embedded application
• Timers are used to
• Generate fixed-period events
• Periodic wakeup
• Count edges
• Generate delays
• Measure time intervals
• Replacing delay loops with timer calls allows CPU to
sleep, consuming less power
• Timers can support multiple capture/compares, PWM
outputs, interval timing and extensive interrupt capabilities

22
 Universal Serial Interface (USI) :
 
•The Universal Serial Interface (USI) module supports
multiple serial communication modes

•UART : Asynchronous, Full duplex

•SPI : Serial Peripheral Interface - Synchronous, Full
duplex
• I2C : Inter Integrated circuit Interface -Synchronous,
Half duplex
 

23
 Brown out Reset:
• The brownout protection comes into action if the supply
voltage drops to a dangerous level
• The brownout reset circuit detects low supply voltages such
as when a supply voltage is applied to (or) removed from the
VCC terminal. The brownout reset circuit resets the device
by triggering a POR (Power on Reset) signal when power is
applied (or) removed. The brownout circuit is used to
provide the proper internal reset signal to the device during
power ON and power OFF.
• The Supply Voltage Supervisor (SVS) is used to monitor the
supply voltage or an external voltage. The SVS can be
configured to set a flag or generate a POR reset when the
supply voltage or external voltage drops below a user
selected threshold.

24
3.4. MEMORY MAPPING / ADDRESS SPACE OF MSP430

25

 The MSP430 has Von-Neumann architecture, in which the

address space is shared with special function registers (SFRs),
peripherals, RAM, and Flash/ROM memory.

 The data is stored in memory as Little-endian ordering, in

which the low -byte of data is stored at lower memory address
and high-byte of data is stored at the higher address
3.4. MEMORY MAPPING / ADDRESS SPACE OF MSP430

26
3.4. MEMORY MAPPING / ADDRESS SPACE OF MSP430

27

0000 – 000F Special Function Registers (byte access)

0010 – 00FF Peripheral registers with Byte access

0100 – 01FF Peripheral registers with Word access

0200 – xxxx RAM ( upper boundary varies)

0C00 – 0FFF Bootstrap loader ( not in F20xx)

Flash Information memory
1000 – 10FF
( available in Flash devices only)
xxxx - FFBF Flash / ROM ( lower boundary varies)

FFC0 - FFFF Interrupt & Reset Vector Table

 Special Function Registers :
The SFRs are located in the lower 16 bytes of the address
space.
28
Some peripheral functions are configured in the SFRs
for enabling and signaling interrupts from peripherals.
Peripheral registers:
Provide the main communication between the CPU

and peripherals.
Some must be accessed as words and others as bytes.

They are grouped in this way to avoid wasting

addresses.
The address space from 0x0010 to 0x00FF is reserved

for 8-bit peripheral modules. The address space from

0x0100 to 0x01FF is reserved for 16-bit peripheral
modules.
 Random Access Memory:
• RAM is used for storing the data variables.
• RAM always starts at address 0x0200 and the end
address of RAM depends on the amount of RAM
present on the device.
• The F2013 has 128 Bytes of RAM.
Bootstrap loader (Flash devices only) :
•The MSP430 flash devices contain an address space for
boot memory, located between addresses 0xC00 through to
0x0FFF.
•The “bootstrap loader” can be used to program the flash
memory in addition to the JTAG.
•This memory region is not accessible by other
applications, so it cannot be overwritten accidentally.
29
 Information memory (Flash devices only) :
•A 256 B block of flash memory that is intended for
storage of nonvolatile data.
•This might include serial numbers to identify equipment,
an address for a network, (or) variables that should be
retained even when power is removed. For example, a
printer might remember the settings from when it was last
used and keep a count of the total number of pages
printed.
•Flash memory may be written one byte or word at a
time, but must be erased in segments.
•The information memory is divided into 2 segments
(each 128-bytes) in 4xx devices, and 4 segments (each 64
bytes) in 2xx devices.
30
 Flash/ROM /Code memory:
•It is used to store the program, including the executable code itself
and any constant data.
•The start address of Flash/ROM depends on the amount of
Flash/ROM present on the device. The end address for Flash/ROM is
0x0FFFF for devices with less that 60KB of Flash/ROM.
•The F2013 has 2 KB but the F2003 only 1KB flash memory
 
Interrupt and Reset Vectors :
•Used to handle “exceptions,” when normal operation of the
processor is interrupted or when the device is reset.
•The interrupt vector table is mapped into the upper 16 words of
Flash/ROM address space, with the highest priority interrupt vector
at the highest Flash/ROM word address (0x0FFFE).

31
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND
REGISTERS OF MSP430
32
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
33

The MSP430 CPU consists of

 16-bit ALU

 Set of 16-registers (R0 – R15)

4 - registers (R0, R1, R2 and R3) have dedicated functions;

12 working registers (R4 to R15) for general use

R0 : Program Counter [PC]

R1 : Stack Pointer [SP]
R2 : Status Register [SR]
R2/R3: Constant Generator Registers [CG1/CG2]
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
34

R0: Program Counter (PC) :

 The 16-bit Program Counter (PC/R0) stores the address of the

next instruction to be fetched from memory.
 The Program counter is incremented by the number of bytes used
by the instruction (2, 4, or 6 bytes, always even).
 It is important to remember that the PC is aligned at even
addresses, because the instructions are composed of 1 to 3 words.
Hence the LSB of PC is hard-wired to 0.
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
35

R1: Stack Pointer (SP)

 The stack memory is a memory block where the data is stored in

LIFO manner.
 The Stack Pointer (SP/R1) holds the address of the stack-top.
 In the MSP430, the stack is allocated at the top of the RAM and
grows down towards low addresses.
 The LSB of the stack pointer is hardwired to 0 in the MSP430,
which guarantees that it always points to valid words. A byte is
therefore wasted to preserve the alignment to words if a single
byte is placed on the stack.
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
36
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
37

The purpose of the stack

 It used by subroutine calls - to store the PC value (Return address)
 It is used by interrupt – to store the PC value and Status Register
 It can be used by compiler for subroutine parameters
 It can be used by user to store data for later use by using PUSH
and POP instructions.
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
38

R2: Status Register (SR)

It stores the status bits and control bits.

C : Carry Flag
Z : Zero Flag
N : Negative Flag
V : Signed overflow flag
GIE : General interrupt enable
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
39

Control of Low-Power Modes :

 The CPUOFF, OSCOFF, SCG0, and SCG1 bits control the mode of

operation of the MSP430MCU.

 CPUOFF : When set, turns off the MCLK, which stops the CPU
 OSCOFF (Oscillator OFF ) : When set, turns off the VLO and LFXT1
crystal oscillator, if LFXT1-CLK is not used for MCLK or SMCLK.
 SCG0 (System clock generator 0) : When set, turns off the DCO DC
generator for DCO, if DCO-CLK is not used for MCLK or SMCLK.
 SCG1 (System clock generator 1) : When set, turns off the SMCLK.
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
40

R2/R3: Constant Generator Registers (CG1/CG2)

 The registers R2 and R3 are the constant generator registers, which

can be used to generate 6- commonly used constants, depends on

source addressing mode (As).

Register Addressing mode Constant

R3 00 (Register) 0
R3 01 (Indexed ) +1
R3 10 (Register Indirect) +2
R3 11 (Indirect auto-increment) -1 (FFFF)
R2 10 (Register Indirect) +4
R2 11 (Indirect auto-increment) +8
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
41

The constant generator advantages are: 

 Reduces the code size
 Emulated instructions can be implemented
 No special instructions are required
 No additional code word for the six constants
 No code memory access required to retrieve the constant
3.5. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND REGISTERS OF
MSP430
42

 The RISC instruction set of the MSP430 has only 27

instructions. However, the constant generator allows the
MSP430 assembler to support 24 additional, emulated
instructions

 For example, the single-operand instruction

clr.w dst is replaced by : mov.w R3,dst
(Register addressing , R3=0)
inc.w dst is replaced by : add.w 0(R3), dst
(Indexed, 0(R3)=1)
 Video Lecture
on
MICROPROCESSORS
&
MICROCONTROLLERS
By
K.Ravichandra
Asst.Prof/ECE

Visvodaya Engineering College,

Kavali,SPSR Nellore (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh – 524201
3.6. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MSP430x5xx
44

 16-bit CPU with RISC architecture

 Unified Clock System (UCS)
 Embedded Emulation Module (EEM) and JTAG interface
 Flash memory : 128 KB
 RAM : 8 KB + 2 KB if USB is disabled
 Power Management Module (PMM)
 Watchdog Timer
 I/O PORTS : P1 to P8
 Full speed USB ( Universal Serial Bus)
3.6. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MSP430x5xx
45

 Full speed USB ( Universal Serial Bus)

 32-Bit Hardware Multiplier (MPY32)
 Timer modules : TA0, TA1, TA2, TB0
 Real Time Clock ( RTC_A )
 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
 Universal Serial Communication Interface
(Two channels: USCI-A & USCI-B)
 ADC12_A
 Reference Module (REF)
 Comparator ( Comp_B )
 Direct Memory Access (DMA) Controller Module
3.6. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MSP430x5xx
46
 16-bit CPUX
• It consists of 16-bit ALU, set of 16-registers (R0 – R15) and
Logic needed to decode and execute the instructions. Note
that all registers are 20-bit wide, except Status register.
• The CPU has 16-bit RISC architecture
• Instructions processing on either bits, bytes or words
• Supports 27 instructions and 7 addressing modes.
• It can address the complete address range without paging
• CPU clock : 25 MHz
• Operating voltage : 1.8–3.6 V
• Active operation : 165 µA/MIPS
• RTC mode operation : 2.5 µA
• RAM retention : 0.1 μA
• Fast wake-up from standby mode in less than 5 µs

47
 Unified Clock System (UCS) :
• The UCS module provides the various clocks for CPU and Peripherals
• The UCS module supports low system cost and ultra-low power
consumption.
• It provides 3- internal clock signals : MCLK, SMCLK and ACLK.
Using three internal clock signals, the user can select the best balance of
performance and low power consumption.
•MCLK : Master clock is used by CPU and system
•SMCLK : Subsystem Master clock is distributed to high speed
peripherals
•ACLK : Auxiliary clock is also distributed to low speed peripherals
Embedded Emulation Module (EEM) and JTAG interface
• EEM is accessed and controlled through either 4-wire JTAG
mode or Spy-Bi-Wire mode. The emulation, JTAG interface
and Spy-Bi-Wire interface are used to communicate with a
desktop computer when downloading a program and for
debugging.

48
 Flash memory : 128 KB
•Flash memory is used to store the programs and
constant variables
•The size of the Flash memory varies from one device to
another device
 
RAM : 8 KB + 2 KB if USB is disabled
•RAM is used to store the temporary data (Read/Write
memory)
•The size of the Flash memory varies from one device to
another device

49
 Power Management Module (PMM):
• The PMM manages all functions related to the power
supply and its supervision for the device.
• The PMM uses an integrated low-drop-out voltage
regulator (LDO)
• The Supply Voltage Supervisor (SVS) is used to monitor
the supply voltage or an external voltage. The SVS can be
configured to set a flag or generate a Power on Reset
(POR) when the supply voltage drops below a user selected
threshold.
• The brownout reset circuit detects low supply voltages
such as when a supply voltage is applied to (or) removed
from the VCC terminal. The brownout reset circuit resets
the device by triggering a POR signal when power is
applied (or) removed.
50
 Watch Dog Timer
• A watchdog timer (WDT) is an electronic timer that
is used to detect and recover from computer
malfunctions. The WDT module restarts the system
on occurrence of a software problem (or) if a
selected time interval expires.
• During normal operation, the system regularly
restarts the WDT to prevent it from elapsing, or
"timing out". If the system fails to restart the WDT
due to a hardware fault (or) program error, the timer
will elapse and generate a timeout signal.
• The timeout signal is used to initiate corrective
actions like placing the system in a safe state and
restoring normal system operation.
51
 I/O PORTS : P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 & P8
• MSP430F5529 has 8-digital I/O ports : P1 to P8.
• The I/O Ports P1 to P7 have 8- I/O pins and P8
has 3- I/O pins.
• Individual ports can be accessed as byte wide ports
or can be combined into word wide ports as
PA(P1&P2), PB(P3&P4), PC(P5&P6) and
PD(P7&P8)
• Each I/O pin is individually configurable for input
(or) output direction, and each I/O line can be
individually read or written to.
• All ports have individually configurable pull-up
(or) pull-down resistors
Ports P1 and P2 pins have interrupt capability.
52
 Full speed USB (Universal Serial Bus)
• Full-speed integrated USB transceiver (PHY)-
Physical layer Interface
• Supports control, interrupt, and bulk transfers
• Integrated 1.8 V and 3.3 V low drop-out (LDO)
linear regulator
• Integrated programmable PLL
• Highly flexible clock frequencies
• 2 KB of dedicated USB buffer.
• If USB is disabled, 2 KB buffer space is mapped
into RAM and USB pins can be used as GPIO pins

53
 32-Bit Hardware Multiplier (MPY32)
• The MPY32 is a peripheral and is not part of the CPU. This means its
activities do not interfere with the CPU activities.
• It performs Signed and Unsigned multiplications
• 8-bit/16-bit/24-bit/32-bit operations
Timers
• The timers are used to generate fixed-period events,
periodic wakeup, count edges, generate delays and
measure time intervals. Replacing delay loops with timer
calls allows CPU to sleep, consuming much less power.
• Timers can support multiple capture/compares, PWM
outputs, interval timing and extensive interrupt
capabilities.
• The MSP430F5529 has 4- timer modules
16-bit Timer TA0 : with 5 - CC registers
16-bit Timer TA1 : with 3 - CC registers
16-bit Timer TA2 : with 3 - CC registers
54 16-bit Timer TB0 : with 7 - CC registers
 Real Time Clock ( RTC_A )
• Configurable for real-time clock with calendar function or
general-purpose counter.
• RTC module provides seconds, minutes, hours, day of week,
day of month, month, and year in real-time clock with
calendar function.
• Interrupt capability
 
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) :
• The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) module provides a
signature for a given data sequence.
• The signature is generated through a feedback path from
data bits 0, 4, 11 & 15

55
 Universal Serial Communication Interface :
• Two channels : USCI-A & USCI-B
• Each channel consists of Two ports : 0 & 1 USCI-A0 &
USCI-A1 – supports UART, IrDA and SPI USCI-B0 &
USCI-B1 – supports I2C and SPI
 
ADC12_A
• The ADC12_A is a high-performance 12-bit analog-to-
digital converter (ADC).
• The module implements a 12-bit SAR core, sample select
control and a 16-word conversion-and-control buffer.
• 16-channels : 14- external & 2- internal
• 200 KSPS
• Internal Reference
• S/H and Auto scan feature

56
 Reference Module (REF)
• The REF module is a general purpose reference system
that is used to generate voltage references required for
other peripheral modules such as digital-to-analog
converters, analog-to digital ,converters, or comparators.
• It generates reference voltages : 1.5 V, 2.0V, 2.5V …
selectable references
 
Comparator ( Comp_B )
• Comp_B is an analog voltage comparator.
• Comp_B covers general comparator functionality for up
to 16 channels.
• The Comp_B module supports precision slope analog-to-
digital conversions, supply voltage supervision, and
monitoring of external analog signals.

57
 Direct Memory Access (DMA) Controller Module
• The direct memory access (DMA) controller
module transfers data from one address to another
without CPU intervention.
• Devices that contain a DMA controller may have
up to eight DMA channels available. ( The
MSP430F5529 has 3-channels)
• It can also reduce system power consumption by
allowing the CPU to remain in a low- power mode,
without having to awaken to move data to or from
a peripheral.

58
 Video Lecture
on
MICROPROCESSORS
&
MICROCONTROLLERS
By
K.Ravichandra
Asst.Prof/ECE

Visvodaya Engineering College,

Kavali,SPSR Nellore (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh – 524201
3.7. ADDRESS SPACE / MEMORY MAPPING OF
MSP430x5xx
60

00000 h - 00FFF h Peripherals Addresses 4 KB 4 KB

BSL0 (512 B)
Bootstrap Loader
2KB BSL1 (512 B)
01000 h - 017FF h (BSL) memory
(512B *4 segments) BSL2 (512 B)
(Flash)
BSL3 (512 B)
Info A (128 B)
Flash Information 512 B Info B (128 B)
01800 h - 019FF h
memory (128B *4 segments) Info C (128 B)
Info D (128 B)
01C00 h to 023FF h USB RAM 2 KB Sector 7 (2KB)
Sector 0 (2KB)
8 KB Sector 1 (2KB)
02400 h to 043FF h RAM
(2KB * 4 sectors) Sector 2 (2KB)
Sector 3 (2KB)
Bank A (32 KB)
Code memory 128 KB Bank B (32 KB)
04400 h to 243FF h
(Flash) (32 KB *4 banks) Bank C (32 KB)
Bank D (32 KB)
0FF80 h – 0FFFF h Interrupt Vector Table 128 KB 128 KB
3.8. CPU ARCHITECTURE AND
REGISTERS OF MSP430x5xx
61
 Video Lecture
on
MICROPROCESSORS
&
MICROCONTROLLERS
By
K.Ravichandra
Asst.Prof/ECE

Visvodaya Engineering College,

Kavali,SPSR Nellore (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh – 524201
 3.9. ADDRESSING MODES OF MSP430
63

 The method of specifying data to be operated by an

instruction is called as addressing mode.

 MSP430 supports
7 - addressing modes for the source operand and
4 - addressing modes for the destination operand
 ADDRESSING MODES OF MSP430
Addressing
S.No.
64 Syntax Description As / Ad
Mode

1 Register mode Rn Register contents are operand 00 / 0

2 Indexed mode X(Rn) (Rn + X) points to the operand.

Symbolic (PC + X) points to the operand.

3 mode / PC LABEL X = Offset address = Address of LABLE - PC
relative Indexed mode X(PC) is used 01 / 1

The word following the instruction contains the

4 Absolute mode &ADDR absolute address.
Indexed mode X(SR) is used, where X= ADDR
Indirect register
5 @Rn Rn is used as a pointer to the operand. 10 / --
mode
Rn is used as a pointer to the operand.
Indirect
6 @Rn+ Rn is incremented afterwards by 1 for .B
autoincrement
instructions and by 2 for .W instructions. 11 / --
The word following the instruction contains the
7 Immediate mode #N
immediate constant N.
 ADDRESSING MODES OF MSP430
65

1. Register mode :
In this mode, the data is available in any one of the registers in the CPU.
This is available for both source and destination
  Ex: mov.w R5, R6 ; copies word from R5 to R6
 
 2. Indexed mode :
In this mode, the address of data is the sum of constant base address
and the contents of a CPU register.
This mode is available for both source and destination
Ex: mov.b 3(R5), R6 ; load byte from address (3+R5) into R6

If R5 = 0004 then, the content of memory address 0007 is moved to R6

 ADDRESSING MODES OF MSP430
66

3. Symbolic mode / PC Relative :

  In this addressing mode, PC is used as the base address. So the
address of data is the sum of PC and relative offset address of data.
The assembler calculates the relative offset address of the data
 
Ex: mov.w LABLE, R6 ; load word LABLE into R6
 
The assembler replaces the above instruction by the indexed form
 
mov.w X(PC), R6 ; load word LABLE into R6
  where X = relative offset = LABLE – PC
 ADDRESSING MODES OF MSP430
67

4. Absolute mode :
 In this addressing mode, the absolute address of the data is available in
the instruction.
 This is already the complete address required, so that it should be
added to a register that contains ZERO.
 Absolute addressing is shown by the prefix “ & ”

Ex: mov.b &P1IN, R6 ; copy data from port address P1IN into R6
The assembler replaces the above instruction by the indexed form where SR=0

mov.b P1IN(SR), R6 ; copy data from address (SR+ P1IN) to register R6

 ADDRESSING MODES OF MSP430
68

5. Indirect Register mode :

 In this addressing mode, the address of the data is available in the

register.
 Indirect register addressing is shown by the symbol @ in front of a
register such as @R5. In other words, R5 is used as a pointer.
 This mode is available for only source operand.

Ex: mov.w @R5, R6 ; load word from address (R5) into R6

If R5 = 0004 then, the content of memory address 0004 is moved to R6

 ADDRESSING MODES OF MSP430
69

6. Indirect Auto-increment Register mode :

  In this addressing mode, the address of the data is available in the
register.
  This addressing mode is shown by the symbol @ in front of a register
with + sign after it such as @R5+ . In other words, R5 is used as a
pointer and it is automatically incremented by 1 for BYTE operation
and 2 by WORD operation.
  This mode is available for only source operand.

Ex: mov.w @R5+, R6 ; load word from address (R5) into R6 and
increment R5 by 2
If R5 = 0004 then, the content of memory address 0004 is moved to R6 and
the pointer R5 is incremented by 2.
 ADDRESSING MODES OF MSP430
70

7. Immediate mode :  

 In this addressing mode, the data is available immediately after the

instruction. 
 The PC is automatically incremented after the instruction is fetched
and therefore points to the following word. Hence it is a special case
of Indirect auto-increment register addressing mode.
 This mode is available for only source operand.
Ex: mov.b #45, R6 ; move the immediate constant into R6.
mov.b @PC+, R6 ;
 Video Lecture
on
MICROPROCESSORS
&
MICROCONTROLLERS
By
K.Ravichandra
Asst.Prof/ECE

Visvodaya Engineering College,

Kavali,SPSR Nellore (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh – 524201
 INSTRUCTION FORMATS OF MSP430
72

 There are three core-instruction formats:

 Instructions with Dual-operands

 Instructions with Single-operand

 Jump instructions
 INSTRUCTION FORMATS OF MSP430
73
 INSTRUCTION FORMATS OF MSP430
74

The source and destination of an instruction are defined by the

following fields

src : The source operand defined by As and S-reg

dst : The destination operand defined by Ad and D-reg
As : Addressing mode used for the source (src)
Ad : Addressing mode used for the destination (dst)
S-reg : The working register used for the source (src)
D-reg : The working register used for the destination (dst)
B/W : Byte or word operation: (0: word operation 1: byte operation)
 INSTRUCTION TIMINGS
75

 The number of CPU clock cycles required for an instruction

depends on the instruction format and the addressing modes
used - not the instruction itself.

 The number of clock cycles refers to the MCLK.

 The number of MCLK cycles required for most instructions is

limited by access to memory.

 The general principle for Format-I instructions (Two

operands) is as follows :
 INSTRUCTION TIMINGS
76

 The number of CPU clock cycles required for an instruction

depends on the instruction format and the addressing modes
used - not the instruction itself.

 The number of clock cycles refers to the MCLK.

 The number of MCLK cycles required for most instructions is

limited by access to memory.

 The general principle for Format-I instructions (Two

operands) is as follows :
 INSTRUCTION TIMINGS
77
 Video Lecture
on
MICROPROCESSORS
&
MICROCONTROLLERS
By
K.Ravichandra
Asst.Prof/ECE

Visvodaya Engineering College,

Kavali,SPSR Nellore (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh – 524201
 INSTRUCTION SET OF MSP430
79

 The complete MSP430 instruction set consists of 27 core

instructions & 24 emulated instructions.

 The core instructions are instructions that have unique op-

codes decoded by the CPU.
 The emulated instructions are instructions that make code
easier to write and read, but do not have op-codes themselves;
instead they are replaced automatically by the assembler with
an equivalent core instruction.
 For the emulated instructions, the operand is always a
destination.
 INSTRUCTION SET OF MSP430
80

1. Movement Instructions (Data Transfer)

2. Arithmetic Instructions
3. Logic Instructions
4. Shift and Rotate Instructions
5. Control Transfer instructions
(Branch/Subroutine/Interrupt)
(1)Data transfer / Movement instructions
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
 Video Lecture
on
MICROPROCESSORS
&
MICROCONTROLLERS
By
K.Ravichandra
Asst.Prof/ECE

Visvodaya Engineering College,

Kavali,SPSR Nellore (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh – 524201
 SAMPLE EMBEDDED SYSTEM
94
USING MSP430
95
96

Thank You